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   128 .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C

   129 .\" ========================================================================

   130 .\"

   131 .IX Title "GCC 1"

   132 .TH GCC 1 "2004-11-05" "gcc-3.4.3" "GNU"

   133 .SH "NAME"

   134 gcc \- GNU project C and C++ compiler

   135 .SH "SYNOPSIS"

   136 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"

   137 gcc [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-E\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR]

   138     [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-pg\fR] [\fB\-O\fR\fIlevel\fR]

   139     [\fB\-W\fR\fIwarn\fR...] [\fB\-pedantic\fR]

   140     [\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-L\fR\fIdir\fR...]

   141     [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR]

   142     [\fB\-f\fR\fIoption\fR...] [\fB\-m\fR\fImachine-option\fR...]

   143     [\fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile\fR] \fIinfile\fR...

   144 .PP

   145 Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the

   146 remainder.  \fBg++\fR accepts mostly the same options as \fBgcc\fR.

   147 .SH "DESCRIPTION"

   148 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"

   149 When you invoke \s-1GCC\s0, it normally does preprocessing, compilation,

   150 assembly and linking.  The ``overall options'' allow you to stop this

   151 process at an intermediate stage.  For example, the \fB\-c\fR option

   152 says not to run the linker.  Then the output consists of object files

   153 output by the assembler.

   154 .PP

   155 Other options are passed on to one stage of processing.  Some options

   156 control the preprocessor and others the compiler itself.  Yet other

   157 options control the assembler and linker; most of these are not

   158 documented here, since you rarely need to use any of them.

   159 .PP

   160 Most of the command line options that you can use with \s-1GCC\s0 are useful

   161 for C programs; when an option is only useful with another language

   162 (usually \*(C+), the explanation says so explicitly.  If the description

   163 for a particular option does not mention a source language, you can use

   164 that option with all supported languages.

   165 .PP

   166 The \fBgcc\fR program accepts options and file names as operands.  Many

   167 options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter options

   168 may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dr\fR is very different from \fB\-d\ \-r\fR.

   169 .PP

   170 You can mix options and other arguments.  For the most part, the order

   171 you use doesn't matter.  Order does matter when you use several options

   172 of the same kind; for example, if you specify \fB\-L\fR more than once,

   173 the directories are searched in the order specified.

   174 .PP

   175 Many options have long names starting with \fB\-f\fR or with

   176 \&\fB\-W\fR\-\-\-for example, \fB\-fforce\-mem\fR,

   177 \&\fB\-fstrength\-reduce\fR, \fB\-Wformat\fR and so on.  Most of

   178 these have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of

   179 \&\fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno\-foo\fR.  This manual documents

   180 only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default.

   181 .SH "OPTIONS"

   182 .IX Header "OPTIONS"

   183 .Sh "Option Summary"

   184 .IX Subsection "Option Summary"

   185 Here is a summary of all the options, grouped by type.  Explanations are

   186 in the following sections.

   187 .IP "\fIOverall Options\fR" 4

   188 .IX Item "Overall Options"

   189 \&\fB\-c  \-S  \-E  \-o\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-pipe  \-pass\-exit\-codes  

   190 \&\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR  \fB\-v  \-###  \-\-help  \-\-target\-help  \-\-version\fR

   191 .IP "\fIC Language Options\fR" 4

   192 .IX Item "C Language Options"

   193 \&\fB\-ansi  \-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR  \fB\-aux\-info\fR \fIfilename\fR 

   194 \&\fB\-fno\-asm  \-fno\-builtin  \-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR 

   195 \&\fB\-fhosted  \-ffreestanding  \-fms\-extensions 

   196 \&\-trigraphs  \-no\-integrated\-cpp  \-traditional  \-traditional\-cpp 

   197 \&\-fallow\-single\-precision  \-fcond\-mismatch 

   198 \&\-fsigned\-bitfields  \-fsigned\-char 

   199 \&\-funsigned\-bitfields  \-funsigned\-char 

   200 \&\-fwritable\-strings\fR

   201 .IP "\fI\*(C+ Language Options\fR" 4

   202 .IX Item " Language Options"

   203 \&\fB\-fabi\-version=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-fno\-access\-control  \-fcheck\-new 

   204 \&\-fconserve\-space  \-fno\-const\-strings 

   205 \&\-fno\-elide\-constructors 

   206 \&\-fno\-enforce\-eh\-specs 

   207 \&\-ffor\-scope  \-fno\-for\-scope  \-fno\-gnu\-keywords 

   208 \&\-fno\-implicit\-templates 

   209 \&\-fno\-implicit\-inline\-templates 

   210 \&\-fno\-implement\-inlines  \-fms\-extensions 

   211 \&\-fno\-nonansi\-builtins  \-fno\-operator\-names 

   212 \&\-fno\-optional\-diags  \-fpermissive 

   213 \&\-frepo  \-fno\-rtti  \-fstats  \-ftemplate\-depth\-\fR\fIn\fR 

   214 \&\fB\-fuse\-cxa\-atexit  \-fno\-weak  \-nostdinc++ 

   215 \&\-fno\-default\-inline  \-Wabi  \-Wctor\-dtor\-privacy 

   216 \&\-Wnon\-virtual\-dtor  \-Wreorder 

   217 \&\-Weffc++  \-Wno\-deprecated 

   218 \&\-Wno\-non\-template\-friend  \-Wold\-style\-cast 

   219 \&\-Woverloaded\-virtual  \-Wno\-pmf\-conversions 

   220 \&\-Wsign\-promo  \-Wsynth\fR

   221 .IP "\fIObjective-C Language Options\fR" 4

   222 .IX Item "Objective-C Language Options"

   223 \&\fB\-fconstant\-string\-class=\fR\fIclass-name\fR 

   224 \&\fB\-fgnu\-runtime  \-fnext\-runtime 

   225 \&\-fno\-nil\-receivers 

   226 \&\-fobjc\-exceptions 

   227 \&\-freplace\-objc\-classes 

   228 \&\-fzero\-link 

   229 \&\-gen\-decls 

   230 \&\-Wno\-protocol  \-Wselector \-Wundeclared\-selector\fR

   231 .IP "\fILanguage Independent Options\fR" 4

   232 .IX Item "Language Independent Options"

   233 \&\fB\-fmessage\-length=\fR\fIn\fR  

   234 \&\fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-location=\fR[\fBonce\fR|\fBevery-line\fR]

   235 .IP "\fIWarning Options\fR" 4

   236 .IX Item "Warning Options"

   237 \&\fB\-fsyntax\-only  \-pedantic  \-pedantic\-errors 

   238 \&\-w  \-Wextra  \-Wall  \-Waggregate\-return 

   239 \&\-Wcast\-align  \-Wcast\-qual  \-Wchar\-subscripts  \-Wcomment 

   240 \&\-Wconversion  \-Wno\-deprecated\-declarations 

   241 \&\-Wdisabled\-optimization  \-Wno\-div\-by\-zero  \-Wendif\-labels 

   242 \&\-Werror  \-Werror\-implicit\-function\-declaration 

   243 \&\-Wfloat\-equal  \-Wformat  \-Wformat=2 

   244 \&\-Wno\-format\-extra\-args \-Wformat\-nonliteral 

   245 \&\-Wformat\-security  \-Wformat\-y2k 

   246 \&\-Wimplicit  \-Wimplicit\-function\-declaration  \-Wimplicit\-int 

   247 \&\-Wimport  \-Wno\-import  \-Winit\-self  \-Winline 

   248 \&\-Wno\-invalid\-offsetof  \-Winvalid\-pch 

   249 \&\-Wlarger\-than\-\fR\fIlen\fR  \fB\-Wlong\-long 

   250 \&\-Wmain  \-Wmissing\-braces 

   251 \&\-Wmissing\-format\-attribute  \-Wmissing\-noreturn 

   252 \&\-Wno\-multichar  \-Wnonnull  \-Wpacked  \-Wpadded 

   253 \&\-Wparentheses  \-Wpointer\-arith  \-Wredundant\-decls 

   254 \&\-Wreturn\-type  \-Wsequence\-point  \-Wshadow 

   255 \&\-Wsign\-compare  \-Wstrict\-aliasing 

   256 \&\-Wswitch  \-Wswitch\-default  \-Wswitch\-enum 

   257 \&\-Wsystem\-headers  \-Wtrigraphs  \-Wundef  \-Wuninitialized 

   258 \&\-Wunknown\-pragmas  \-Wunreachable\-code 

   259 \&\-Wunused  \-Wunused\-function  \-Wunused\-label  \-Wunused\-parameter 

   260 \&\-Wunused\-value  \-Wunused\-variable  \-Wwrite\-strings\fR

   261 .IP "\fIC\-only Warning Options\fR" 4

   262 .IX Item "C-only Warning Options"

   263 \&\fB\-Wbad\-function\-cast  \-Wmissing\-declarations 

   264 \&\-Wmissing\-prototypes  \-Wnested\-externs  \-Wold\-style\-definition 

   265 \&\-Wstrict\-prototypes  \-Wtraditional 

   266 \&\-Wdeclaration\-after\-statement\fR

   267 .IP "\fIDebugging Options\fR" 4

   268 .IX Item "Debugging Options"

   269 \&\fB\-d\fR\fIletters\fR  \fB\-dumpspecs  \-dumpmachine  \-dumpversion 

   270 \&\-fdump\-unnumbered  \-fdump\-translation\-unit\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   271 \&\fB\-fdump\-class\-hierarchy\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   272 \&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-original\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR]  

   273 \&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-optimized\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   274 \&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-inlined\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   275 \&\fB\-feliminate\-dwarf2\-dups \-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-types 

   276 \&\-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-symbols \-fmem\-report \-fprofile\-arcs 

   277 \&\-frandom\-seed=\fR\fIstring\fR \fB\-fsched\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR 

   278 \&\fB\-ftest\-coverage  \-ftime\-report 

   279 \&\-g  \-g\fR\fIlevel\fR  \fB\-gcoff \-gdwarf\-2 

   280 \&\-ggdb  \-gstabs  \-gstabs+  \-gvms  \-gxcoff  \-gxcoff+ 

   281 \&\-p  \-pg  \-print\-file\-name=\fR\fIlibrary\fR  \fB\-print\-libgcc\-file\-name 

   282 \&\-print\-multi\-directory  \-print\-multi\-lib 

   283 \&\-print\-prog\-name=\fR\fIprogram\fR  \fB\-print\-search\-dirs  \-Q 

   284 \&\-save\-temps  \-time\fR

   285 .IP "\fIOptimization Options\fR" 4

   286 .IX Item "Optimization Options"

   287 \&\fB\-falign\-functions=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-falign\-jumps=\fR\fIn\fR 

   288 \&\fB\-falign\-labels=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-falign\-loops=\fR\fIn\fR  

   289 \&\fB\-fbranch\-probabilities \-fprofile\-values \-fvpt \-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize 

   290 \&\-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize2 \-fcaller\-saves  \-fcprop\-registers 

   291 \&\-fcse\-follow\-jumps  \-fcse\-skip\-blocks  \-fdata\-sections 

   292 \&\-fdelayed\-branch  \-fdelete\-null\-pointer\-checks 

   293 \&\-fexpensive\-optimizations  \-ffast\-math  \-ffloat\-store 

   294 \&\-fforce\-addr  \-fforce\-mem  \-ffunction\-sections 

   295 \&\-fgcse  \-fgcse\-lm  \-fgcse\-sm  \-fgcse\-las  \-floop\-optimize 

   296 \&\-fcrossjumping  \-fif\-conversion  \-fif\-conversion2 

   297 \&\-finline\-functions  \-finline\-limit=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-fkeep\-inline\-functions 

   298 \&\-fkeep\-static\-consts  \-fmerge\-constants  \-fmerge\-all\-constants 

   299 \&\-fmove\-all\-movables  \-fnew\-ra  \-fno\-branch\-count\-reg 

   300 \&\-fno\-default\-inline  \-fno\-defer\-pop 

   301 \&\-fno\-function\-cse  \-fno\-guess\-branch\-probability 

   302 \&\-fno\-inline  \-fno\-math\-errno  \-fno\-peephole  \-fno\-peephole2 

   303 \&\-funsafe\-math\-optimizations  \-ffinite\-math\-only 

   304 \&\-fno\-trapping\-math  \-fno\-zero\-initialized\-in\-bss 

   305 \&\-fomit\-frame\-pointer  \-foptimize\-register\-move 

   306 \&\-foptimize\-sibling\-calls  \-fprefetch\-loop\-arrays 

   307 \&\-fprofile\-generate \-fprofile\-use 

   308 \&\-freduce\-all\-givs  \-fregmove  \-frename\-registers 

   309 \&\-freorder\-blocks  \-freorder\-functions 

   310 \&\-frerun\-cse\-after\-loop  \-frerun\-loop\-opt 

   311 \&\-frounding\-math \-fschedule\-insns  \-fschedule\-insns2 

   312 \&\-fno\-sched\-interblock  \-fno\-sched\-spec  \-fsched\-spec\-load 

   313 \&\-fsched\-spec\-load\-dangerous  

   314 \&\-fsched\-stalled\-insns=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-sched\-stalled\-insns\-dep=\fR\fIn\fR 

   315 \&\fB\-fsched2\-use\-superblocks 

   316 \&\-fsched2\-use\-traces  \-fsignaling\-nans 

   317 \&\-fsingle\-precision\-constant  

   318 \&\-fstrength\-reduce  \-fstrict\-aliasing  \-ftracer  \-fthread\-jumps 

   319 \&\-funroll\-all\-loops  \-funroll\-loops  \-fpeel\-loops 

   320 \&\-funswitch\-loops  \-fold\-unroll\-loops  \-fold\-unroll\-all\-loops 

   321 \&\-\-param\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR

   322 \&\fB\-O  \-O0  \-O1  \-O2  \-O3  \-Os\fR

   323 .IP "\fIPreprocessor Options\fR" 4

   324 .IX Item "Preprocessor Options"

   325 \&\fB\-A\fR\fIquestion\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR 

   326 \&\fB\-A\-\fR\fIquestion\fR[\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR] 

   327 \&\fB\-C  \-dD  \-dI  \-dM  \-dN 

   328 \&\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[\fB=\fR\fIdefn\fR]  \fB\-E  \-H 

   329 \&\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR 

   330 \&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR 

   331 \&\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR 

   332 \&\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR  \fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR 

   333 \&\fB\-M  \-MM  \-MF  \-MG  \-MP  \-MQ  \-MT  \-nostdinc  

   334 \&\-P  \-fworking\-directory  \-remap 

   335 \&\-trigraphs  \-undef  \-U\fR\fImacro\fR  \fB\-Wp,\fR\fIoption\fR 

   336 \&\fB\-Xpreprocessor\fR \fIoption\fR

   337 .IP "\fIAssembler Option\fR" 4

   338 .IX Item "Assembler Option"

   339 \&\fB\-Wa,\fR\fIoption\fR  \fB\-Xassembler\fR \fIoption\fR

   340 .IP "\fILinker Options\fR" 4

   341 .IX Item "Linker Options"

   342 \&\fIobject-file-name\fR  \fB\-l\fR\fIlibrary\fR 

   343 \&\fB\-nostartfiles  \-nodefaultlibs  \-nostdlib \-pie 

   344 \&\-s  \-static  \-static\-libgcc  \-shared  \-shared\-libgcc  \-symbolic 

   345 \&\-Wl,\fR\fIoption\fR  \fB\-Xlinker\fR \fIoption\fR 

   346 \&\fB\-u\fR \fIsymbol\fR

   347 .IP "\fIDirectory Options\fR" 4

   348 .IX Item "Directory Options"

   349 \&\fB\-B\fR\fIprefix\fR  \fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR  \fB\-I\-  \-L\fR\fIdir\fR  \fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR

   350 .IP "\fITarget Options\fR" 4

   351 .IX Item "Target Options"

   352 \&\fB\-V\fR \fIversion\fR  \fB\-b\fR \fImachine\fR

   353 .IP "\fIMachine Dependent Options\fR" 4

   354 .IX Item "Machine Dependent Options"

   355 \&\fIM680x0 Options\fR

   356 \&\fB\-m68000  \-m68020  \-m68020\-40  \-m68020\-60  \-m68030  \-m68040 

   357 \&\-m68060  \-mcpu32  \-m5200  \-m68881  \-mbitfield  \-mc68000  \-mc68020   

   358 \&\-mnobitfield  \-mrtd  \-mshort  \-msoft\-float  \-mpcrel 

   359 \&\-malign\-int  \-mstrict\-align  \-msep\-data  \-mno\-sep\-data 

   360 \&\-mshared\-library\-id=n  \-mid\-shared\-library  \-mno\-id\-shared\-library\fR

   361 .Sp

   362 \&\fIM68hc1x Options\fR

   363 \&\fB\-m6811  \-m6812  \-m68hc11  \-m68hc12   \-m68hcs12 

   364 \&\-mauto\-incdec  \-minmax  \-mlong\-calls  \-mshort 

   365 \&\-msoft\-reg\-count=\fR\fIcount\fR

   366 .Sp

   367 \&\fI\s-1VAX\s0 Options\fR

   368 \&\fB\-mg  \-mgnu  \-munix\fR

   369 .Sp

   370 \&\fI\s-1SPARC\s0 Options\fR

   371 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   372 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   373 \&\fB\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR 

   374 \&\fB\-m32  \-m64  \-mapp\-regs  \-mno\-app\-regs 

   375 \&\-mfaster\-structs  \-mno\-faster\-structs 

   376 \&\-mflat  \-mno\-flat  \-mfpu  \-mno\-fpu 

   377 \&\-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float 

   378 \&\-mhard\-quad\-float  \-msoft\-quad\-float 

   379 \&\-mimpure\-text  \-mno\-impure\-text  \-mlittle\-endian 

   380 \&\-mstack\-bias  \-mno\-stack\-bias 

   381 \&\-munaligned\-doubles  \-mno\-unaligned\-doubles 

   382 \&\-mv8plus  \-mno\-v8plus  \-mvis  \-mno\-vis 

   383 \&\-mcypress  \-mf930  \-mf934 

   384 \&\-msparclite  \-msupersparc  \-mv8

   385 \&\-threads \-pthreads\fR

   386 .Sp

   387 \&\fI\s-1ARM\s0 Options\fR

   388 \&\fB\-mapcs\-frame  \-mno\-apcs\-frame 

   389 \&\-mapcs\-26  \-mapcs\-32 

   390 \&\-mapcs\-stack\-check  \-mno\-apcs\-stack\-check 

   391 \&\-mapcs\-float  \-mno\-apcs\-float 

   392 \&\-mapcs\-reentrant  \-mno\-apcs\-reentrant 

   393 \&\-msched\-prolog  \-mno\-sched\-prolog 

   394 \&\-mlittle\-endian  \-mbig\-endian  \-mwords\-little\-endian 

   395 \&\-malignment\-traps  \-mno\-alignment\-traps 

   396 \&\-msoft\-float  \-mhard\-float  \-mfpe 

   397 \&\-mthumb\-interwork  \-mno\-thumb\-interwork 

   398 \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIname\fR  \fB\-mfpe=\fR\fIname\fR  

   399 \&\fB\-mstructure\-size\-boundary=\fR\fIn\fR 

   400 \&\fB\-mabort\-on\-noreturn 

   401 \&\-mlong\-calls  \-mno\-long\-calls 

   402 \&\-msingle\-pic\-base  \-mno\-single\-pic\-base 

   403 \&\-mpic\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR 

   404 \&\fB\-mnop\-fun\-dllimport 

   405 \&\-mcirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns \-mno\-cirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns 

   406 \&\-mpoke\-function\-name 

   407 \&\-mthumb  \-marm 

   408 \&\-mtpcs\-frame  \-mtpcs\-leaf\-frame 

   409 \&\-mcaller\-super\-interworking  \-mcallee\-super\-interworking\fR

   410 .Sp

   411 \&\fI\s-1MN10300\s0 Options\fR

   412 \&\fB\-mmult\-bug  \-mno\-mult\-bug 

   413 \&\-mam33  \-mno\-am33 

   414 \&\-mam33\-2  \-mno\-am33\-2 

   415 \&\-mno\-crt0  \-mrelax\fR

   416 .Sp

   417 \&\fIM32R/D Options\fR

   418 \&\fB\-m32r2 \-m32rx \-m32r 

   419 \&\-mdebug 

   420 \&\-malign\-loops \-mno\-align\-loops 

   421 \&\-missue\-rate=\fR\fInumber\fR 

   422 \&\fB\-mbranch\-cost=\fR\fInumber\fR 

   423 \&\fB\-mmodel=\fR\fIcode-size-model-type\fR 

   424 \&\fB\-msdata=\fR\fIsdata-type\fR 

   425 \&\fB\-mno\-flush\-func \-mflush\-func=\fR\fIname\fR 

   426 \&\fB\-mno\-flush\-trap \-mflush\-trap=\fR\fInumber\fR 

   427 \&\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR

   428 .Sp

   429 \&\fI\s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC Options\fR

   430 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   431 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   432 \&\fB\-mpower  \-mno\-power  \-mpower2  \-mno\-power2 

   433 \&\-mpowerpc  \-mpowerpc64  \-mno\-powerpc 

   434 \&\-maltivec  \-mno\-altivec 

   435 \&\-mpowerpc\-gpopt  \-mno\-powerpc\-gpopt 

   436 \&\-mpowerpc\-gfxopt  \-mno\-powerpc\-gfxopt 

   437 \&\-mnew\-mnemonics  \-mold\-mnemonics 

   438 \&\-mfull\-toc   \-mminimal\-toc  \-mno\-fp\-in\-toc  \-mno\-sum\-in\-toc 

   439 \&\-m64  \-m32  \-mxl\-call  \-mno\-xl\-call  \-mpe 

   440 \&\-malign\-power  \-malign\-natural 

   441 \&\-msoft\-float  \-mhard\-float  \-mmultiple  \-mno\-multiple 

   442 \&\-mstring  \-mno\-string  \-mupdate  \-mno\-update 

   443 \&\-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd  \-mbit\-align  \-mno\-bit\-align 

   444 \&\-mstrict\-align  \-mno\-strict\-align  \-mrelocatable 

   445 \&\-mno\-relocatable  \-mrelocatable\-lib  \-mno\-relocatable\-lib 

   446 \&\-mtoc  \-mno\-toc  \-mlittle  \-mlittle\-endian  \-mbig  \-mbig\-endian 

   447 \&\-mdynamic\-no\-pic 

   448 \&\-mprioritize\-restricted\-insns=\fR\fIpriority\fR 

   449 \&\fB\-msched\-costly\-dep=\fR\fIdependence_type\fR 

   450 \&\fB\-minsert\-sched\-nops=\fR\fIscheme\fR 

   451 \&\fB\-mcall\-sysv  \-mcall\-netbsd 

   452 \&\-maix\-struct\-return  \-msvr4\-struct\-return 

   453 \&\-mabi=altivec  \-mabi=no\-altivec 

   454 \&\-mabi=spe  \-mabi=no\-spe 

   455 \&\-misel=yes  \-misel=no 

   456 \&\-mspe=yes  \-mspe=no 

   457 \&\-mfloat\-gprs=yes  \-mfloat\-gprs=no 

   458 \&\-mprototype  \-mno\-prototype 

   459 \&\-msim  \-mmvme  \-mads  \-myellowknife  \-memb  \-msdata 

   460 \&\-msdata=\fR\fIopt\fR  \fB\-mvxworks  \-mwindiss  \-G\fR \fInum\fR  \fB\-pthread\fR

   461 .Sp

   462 \&\fIDarwin Options\fR

   463 \&\fB\-all_load  \-allowable_client  \-arch  \-arch_errors_fatal 

   464 \&\-arch_only  \-bind_at_load  \-bundle  \-bundle_loader 

   465 \&\-client_name  \-compatibility_version  \-current_version 

   466 \&\-dependency\-file  \-dylib_file  \-dylinker_install_name 

   467 \&\-dynamic  \-dynamiclib  \-exported_symbols_list 

   468 \&\-filelist  \-flat_namespace  \-force_cpusubtype_ALL 

   469 \&\-force_flat_namespace  \-headerpad_max_install_names 

   470 \&\-image_base  \-init  \-install_name  \-keep_private_externs 

   471 \&\-multi_module  \-multiply_defined  \-multiply_defined_unused 

   472 \&\-noall_load  \-nofixprebinding \-nomultidefs  \-noprebind  \-noseglinkedit 

   473 \&\-pagezero_size  \-prebind  \-prebind_all_twolevel_modules 

   474 \&\-private_bundle  \-read_only_relocs  \-sectalign 

   475 \&\-sectobjectsymbols  \-whyload  \-seg1addr 

   476 \&\-sectcreate  \-sectobjectsymbols  \-sectorder 

   477 \&\-seg_addr_table  \-seg_addr_table_filename  \-seglinkedit 

   478 \&\-segprot  \-segs_read_only_addr  \-segs_read_write_addr 

   479 \&\-single_module  \-static  \-sub_library  \-sub_umbrella 

   480 \&\-twolevel_namespace  \-umbrella  \-undefined 

   481 \&\-unexported_symbols_list  \-weak_reference_mismatches 

   482 \&\-whatsloaded\fR

   483 .Sp

   484 \&\fI\s-1MIPS\s0 Options\fR

   485 \&\fB\-EL  \-EB  \-march=\fR\fIarch\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIarch\fR 

   486 \&\fB\-mips1  \-mips2  \-mips3  \-mips4  \-mips32  \-mips32r2  \-mips64 

   487 \&\-mips16  \-mno\-mips16  \-mabi=\fR\fIabi\fR  \fB\-mabicalls  \-mno\-abicalls 

   488 \&\-mxgot  \-mno\-xgot  \-membedded\-pic  \-mno\-embedded\-pic 

   489 \&\-mgp32  \-mgp64  \-mfp32  \-mfp64  \-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float 

   490 \&\-msingle\-float  \-mdouble\-float  \-mint64  \-mlong64  \-mlong32 

   491 \&\-G\fR\fInum\fR  \fB\-membedded\-data  \-mno\-embedded\-data 

   492 \&\-muninit\-const\-in\-rodata  \-mno\-uninit\-const\-in\-rodata 

   493 \&\-msplit\-addresses  \-mno\-split\-addresses  

   494 \&\-mexplicit\-relocs  \-mno\-explicit\-relocs  

   495 \&\-mrnames  \-mno\-rnames 

   496 \&\-mcheck\-zero\-division  \-mno\-check\-zero\-division 

   497 \&\-mmemcpy  \-mno\-memcpy  \-mlong\-calls  \-mno\-long\-calls 

   498 \&\-mmad  \-mno\-mad  \-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd  \-nocpp 

   499 \&\-mfix\-sb1  \-mno\-fix\-sb1  \-mflush\-func=\fR\fIfunc\fR 

   500 \&\fB\-mno\-flush\-func  \-mbranch\-likely  \-mno\-branch\-likely\fR

   501 .Sp

   502 \&\fIi386 and x86\-64 Options\fR

   503 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   504 \&\fB\-mfpmath=\fR\fIunit\fR 

   505 \&\fB\-masm=\fR\fIdialect\fR  \fB\-mno\-fancy\-math\-387 

   506 \&\-mno\-fp\-ret\-in\-387  \-msoft\-float  \-msvr3\-shlib 

   507 \&\-mno\-wide\-multiply  \-mrtd  \-malign\-double 

   508 \&\-mpreferred\-stack\-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR 

   509 \&\fB\-mmmx  \-msse  \-msse2 \-msse3 \-m3dnow 

   510 \&\-mthreads  \-mno\-align\-stringops  \-minline\-all\-stringops 

   511 \&\-mpush\-args  \-maccumulate\-outgoing\-args  \-m128bit\-long\-double 

   512 \&\-m96bit\-long\-double  \-mregparm=\fR\fInum\fR  \fB\-momit\-leaf\-frame\-pointer 

   513 \&\-mno\-red\-zone \-mno\-tls\-direct\-seg\-refs 

   514 \&\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR 

   515 \&\fB\-m32  \-m64\fR

   516 .Sp

   517 \&\fI\s-1HPPA\s0 Options\fR

   518 \&\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR 

   519 \&\fB\-mbig\-switch  \-mdisable\-fpregs  \-mdisable\-indexing 

   520 \&\-mfast\-indirect\-calls  \-mgas  \-mgnu\-ld   \-mhp\-ld 

   521 \&\-mjump\-in\-delay \-mlinker\-opt \-mlong\-calls 

   522 \&\-mlong\-load\-store  \-mno\-big\-switch  \-mno\-disable\-fpregs 

   523 \&\-mno\-disable\-indexing  \-mno\-fast\-indirect\-calls  \-mno\-gas 

   524 \&\-mno\-jump\-in\-delay  \-mno\-long\-load\-store 

   525 \&\-mno\-portable\-runtime  \-mno\-soft\-float 

   526 \&\-mno\-space\-regs  \-msoft\-float  \-mpa\-risc\-1\-0 

   527 \&\-mpa\-risc\-1\-1  \-mpa\-risc\-2\-0  \-mportable\-runtime 

   528 \&\-mschedule=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-mspace\-regs  \-msio  \-mwsio 

   529 \&\-nolibdld  \-static  \-threads\fR

   530 .Sp

   531 \&\fIIntel 960 Options\fR

   532 \&\fB\-m\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-masm\-compat  \-mclean\-linkage 

   533 \&\-mcode\-align  \-mcomplex\-addr  \-mleaf\-procedures 

   534 \&\-mic\-compat  \-mic2.0\-compat  \-mic3.0\-compat 

   535 \&\-mintel\-asm  \-mno\-clean\-linkage  \-mno\-code\-align 

   536 \&\-mno\-complex\-addr  \-mno\-leaf\-procedures 

   537 \&\-mno\-old\-align  \-mno\-strict\-align  \-mno\-tail\-call 

   538 \&\-mnumerics  \-mold\-align  \-msoft\-float  \-mstrict\-align 

   539 \&\-mtail\-call\fR

   540 .Sp

   541 \&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha Options\fR

   542 \&\fB\-mno\-fp\-regs  \-msoft\-float  \-malpha\-as  \-mgas 

   543 \&\-mieee  \-mieee\-with\-inexact  \-mieee\-conformant 

   544 \&\-mfp\-trap\-mode=\fR\fImode\fR  \fB\-mfp\-rounding\-mode=\fR\fImode\fR 

   545 \&\fB\-mtrap\-precision=\fR\fImode\fR  \fB\-mbuild\-constants 

   546 \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   547 \&\fB\-mbwx  \-mmax  \-mfix  \-mcix 

   548 \&\-mfloat\-vax  \-mfloat\-ieee 

   549 \&\-mexplicit\-relocs  \-msmall\-data  \-mlarge\-data 

   550 \&\-msmall\-text  \-mlarge\-text 

   551 \&\-mmemory\-latency=\fR\fItime\fR

   552 .Sp

   553 \&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha/VMS Options\fR

   554 \&\fB\-mvms\-return\-codes\fR

   555 .Sp

   556 \&\fIH8/300 Options\fR

   557 \&\fB\-mrelax  \-mh  \-ms  \-mn  \-mint32  \-malign\-300\fR

   558 .Sp

   559 \&\fI\s-1SH\s0 Options\fR

   560 \&\fB\-m1  \-m2  \-m2e  \-m3  \-m3e 

   561 \&\-m4\-nofpu  \-m4\-single\-only  \-m4\-single  \-m4 

   562 \&\-m5\-64media  \-m5\-64media\-nofpu 

   563 \&\-m5\-32media  \-m5\-32media\-nofpu 

   564 \&\-m5\-compact  \-m5\-compact\-nofpu 

   565 \&\-mb  \-ml  \-mdalign  \-mrelax 

   566 \&\-mbigtable  \-mfmovd  \-mhitachi  \-mnomacsave 

   567 \&\-mieee  \-misize  \-mpadstruct  \-mspace 

   568 \&\-mprefergot  \-musermode\fR

   569 .Sp

   570 \&\fISystem V Options\fR

   571 \&\fB\-Qy  \-Qn  \-YP,\fR\fIpaths\fR  \fB\-Ym,\fR\fIdir\fR

   572 .Sp

   573 \&\fI\s-1ARC\s0 Options\fR

   574 \&\fB\-EB  \-EL 

   575 \&\-mmangle\-cpu  \-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mtext=\fR\fItext-section\fR 

   576 \&\fB\-mdata=\fR\fIdata-section\fR  \fB\-mrodata=\fR\fIreadonly-data-section\fR

   577 .Sp

   578 \&\fITMS320C3x/C4x Options\fR

   579 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mbig  \-msmall  \-mregparm  \-mmemparm 

   580 \&\-mfast\-fix  \-mmpyi  \-mbk  \-mti  \-mdp\-isr\-reload 

   581 \&\-mrpts=\fR\fIcount\fR  \fB\-mrptb  \-mdb  \-mloop\-unsigned 

   582 \&\-mparallel\-insns  \-mparallel\-mpy  \-mpreserve\-float\fR

   583 .Sp

   584 \&\fIV850 Options\fR

   585 \&\fB\-mlong\-calls  \-mno\-long\-calls  \-mep  \-mno\-ep 

   586 \&\-mprolog\-function  \-mno\-prolog\-function  \-mspace 

   587 \&\-mtda=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-msda=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mzda=\fR\fIn\fR 

   588 \&\fB\-mapp\-regs  \-mno\-app\-regs 

   589 \&\-mdisable\-callt  \-mno\-disable\-callt 

   590 \&\-mv850e1 

   591 \&\-mv850e 

   592 \&\-mv850  \-mbig\-switch\fR

   593 .Sp

   594 \&\fI\s-1NS32K\s0 Options\fR

   595 \&\fB\-m32032  \-m32332  \-m32532  \-m32081  \-m32381 

   596 \&\-mmult\-add  \-mnomult\-add  \-msoft\-float  \-mrtd  \-mnortd 

   597 \&\-mregparam  \-mnoregparam  \-msb  \-mnosb 

   598 \&\-mbitfield  \-mnobitfield  \-mhimem  \-mnohimem\fR

   599 .Sp

   600 \&\fI\s-1AVR\s0 Options\fR

   601 \&\fB\-mmcu=\fR\fImcu\fR  \fB\-msize  \-minit\-stack=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mno\-interrupts 

   602 \&\-mcall\-prologues  \-mno\-tablejump  \-mtiny\-stack\fR

   603 .Sp

   604 \&\fIMCore Options\fR

   605 \&\fB\-mhardlit  \-mno\-hardlit  \-mdiv  \-mno\-div  \-mrelax\-immediates 

   606 \&\-mno\-relax\-immediates  \-mwide\-bitfields  \-mno\-wide\-bitfields 

   607 \&\-m4byte\-functions  \-mno\-4byte\-functions  \-mcallgraph\-data 

   608 \&\-mno\-callgraph\-data  \-mslow\-bytes  \-mno\-slow\-bytes  \-mno\-lsim 

   609 \&\-mlittle\-endian  \-mbig\-endian  \-m210  \-m340  \-mstack\-increment\fR

   610 .Sp

   611 \&\fI\s-1MMIX\s0 Options\fR

   612 \&\fB\-mlibfuncs  \-mno\-libfuncs  \-mepsilon  \-mno\-epsilon  \-mabi=gnu 

   613 \&\-mabi=mmixware  \-mzero\-extend  \-mknuthdiv  \-mtoplevel\-symbols 

   614 \&\-melf  \-mbranch\-predict  \-mno\-branch\-predict  \-mbase\-addresses 

   615 \&\-mno\-base\-addresses  \-msingle\-exit  \-mno\-single\-exit\fR

   616 .Sp

   617 \&\fI\s-1IA\-64\s0 Options\fR

   618 \&\fB\-mbig\-endian  \-mlittle\-endian  \-mgnu\-as  \-mgnu\-ld  \-mno\-pic 

   619 \&\-mvolatile\-asm\-stop  \-mb\-step  \-mregister\-names  \-mno\-sdata 

   620 \&\-mconstant\-gp  \-mauto\-pic  \-minline\-float\-divide\-min\-latency 

   621 \&\-minline\-float\-divide\-max\-throughput 

   622 \&\-minline\-int\-divide\-min\-latency 

   623 \&\-minline\-int\-divide\-max\-throughput  \-mno\-dwarf2\-asm 

   624 \&\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR

   625 .Sp

   626 \&\fID30V Options\fR

   627 \&\fB\-mextmem  \-mextmemory  \-monchip  \-mno\-asm\-optimize 

   628 \&\-masm\-optimize  \-mbranch\-cost=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mcond\-exec=\fR\fIn\fR

   629 .Sp

   630 \&\fIS/390 and zSeries Options\fR

   631 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   632 \&\fB\-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float  \-mbackchain  \-mno\-backchain 

   633 \&\-msmall\-exec  \-mno\-small\-exec  \-mmvcle \-mno\-mvcle 

   634 \&\-m64  \-m31  \-mdebug  \-mno\-debug  \-mesa  \-mzarch  \-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd\fR

   635 .Sp

   636 \&\fI\s-1CRIS\s0 Options\fR

   637 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu\fR 

   638 \&\fB\-mmax\-stack\-frame=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-melinux\-stacksize=\fR\fIn\fR 

   639 \&\fB\-metrax4  \-metrax100  \-mpdebug  \-mcc\-init  \-mno\-side\-effects 

   640 \&\-mstack\-align  \-mdata\-align  \-mconst\-align 

   641 \&\-m32\-bit  \-m16\-bit  \-m8\-bit  \-mno\-prologue\-epilogue  \-mno\-gotplt 

   642 \&\-melf  \-maout  \-melinux  \-mlinux  \-sim  \-sim2 

   643 \&\-mmul\-bug\-workaround  \-mno\-mul\-bug\-workaround\fR

   644 .Sp

   645 \&\fI\s-1PDP\-11\s0 Options\fR

   646 \&\fB\-mfpu  \-msoft\-float  \-mac0  \-mno\-ac0  \-m40  \-m45  \-m10 

   647 \&\-mbcopy  \-mbcopy\-builtin  \-mint32  \-mno\-int16 

   648 \&\-mint16  \-mno\-int32  \-mfloat32  \-mno\-float64 

   649 \&\-mfloat64  \-mno\-float32  \-mabshi  \-mno\-abshi 

   650 \&\-mbranch\-expensive  \-mbranch\-cheap 

   651 \&\-msplit  \-mno\-split  \-munix\-asm  \-mdec\-asm\fR

   652 .Sp

   653 \&\fIXstormy16 Options\fR

   654 \&\fB\-msim\fR

   655 .Sp

   656 \&\fIXtensa Options\fR

   657 \&\fB\-mconst16 \-mno\-const16 

   658 \&\-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd 

   659 \&\-mtext\-section\-literals  \-mno\-text\-section\-literals 

   660 \&\-mtarget\-align  \-mno\-target\-align 

   661 \&\-mlongcalls  \-mno\-longcalls\fR

   662 .Sp

   663 \&\fI\s-1FRV\s0 Options\fR

   664 \&\fB\-mgpr\-32  \-mgpr\-64  \-mfpr\-32  \-mfpr\-64 

   665 \&\-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float 

   666 \&\-malloc\-cc  \-mfixed\-cc  \-mdword  \-mno\-dword 

   667 \&\-mdouble  \-mno\-double 

   668 \&\-mmedia  \-mno\-media  \-mmuladd  \-mno\-muladd 

   669 \&\-mlibrary\-pic  \-macc\-4 \-macc\-8 

   670 \&\-mpack  \-mno\-pack  \-mno\-eflags  \-mcond\-move  \-mno\-cond\-move 

   671 \&\-mscc  \-mno\-scc  \-mcond\-exec  \-mno\-cond\-exec 

   672 \&\-mvliw\-branch  \-mno\-vliw\-branch 

   673 \&\-mmulti\-cond\-exec  \-mno\-multi\-cond\-exec  \-mnested\-cond\-exec 

   674 \&\-mno\-nested\-cond\-exec  \-mtomcat\-stats 

   675 \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR

   676 .IP "\fICode Generation Options\fR" 4

   677 .IX Item "Code Generation Options"

   678 \&\fB\-fcall\-saved\-\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fcall\-used\-\fR\fIreg\fR 

   679 \&\fB\-ffixed\-\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fexceptions 

   680 \&\-fnon\-call\-exceptions  \-funwind\-tables 

   681 \&\-fasynchronous\-unwind\-tables 

   682 \&\-finhibit\-size\-directive  \-finstrument\-functions 

   683 \&\-fno\-common  \-fno\-ident 

   684 \&\-fpcc\-struct\-return  \-fpic  \-fPIC \-fpie \-fPIE 

   685 \&\-freg\-struct\-return  \-fshared\-data  \-fshort\-enums 

   686 \&\-fshort\-double  \-fshort\-wchar 

   687 \&\-fverbose\-asm  \-fpack\-struct  \-fstack\-check 

   688 \&\-fstack\-limit\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fstack\-limit\-symbol=\fR\fIsym\fR 

   689 \&\fB\-fargument\-alias  \-fargument\-noalias 

   690 \&\-fargument\-noalias\-global  \-fleading\-underscore 

   691 \&\-ftls\-model=\fR\fImodel\fR 

   692 \&\fB\-ftrapv  \-fwrapv  \-fbounds\-check\fR

   693 .Sh "Options Controlling the Kind of Output"

   694 .IX Subsection "Options Controlling the Kind of Output"

   695 Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation

   696 proper, assembly and linking, always in that order.  \s-1GCC\s0 is capable of

   697 preprocessing and compiling several files either into several

   698 assembler input files, or into one assembler input file; then each

   699 assembler input file produces an object file, and linking combines all

   700 the object files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input)

   701 into an executable file.

   702 .PP

   703 For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of

   704 compilation is done:

   705 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.c\fR" 4

   706 .IX Item "file.c"

   707 C source code which must be preprocessed.

   708 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.i\fR" 4

   709 .IX Item "file.i"

   710 C source code which should not be preprocessed.

   711 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.ii\fR" 4

   712 .IX Item "file.ii"

   713 \&\*(C+ source code which should not be preprocessed.

   714 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.m\fR" 4

   715 .IX Item "file.m"

   716 Objective-C source code.  Note that you must link with the library

   717 \&\fIlibobjc.a\fR to make an Objective-C program work.

   718 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.mi\fR" 4

   719 .IX Item "file.mi"

   720 Objective-C source code which should not be preprocessed.

   721 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.h\fR" 4

   722 .IX Item "file.h"

   723 C or \*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.

   724 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cc\fR" 4

   725 .IX Item "file.cc"

   726 .PD 0

   727 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cp\fR" 4

   728 .IX Item "file.cp"

   729 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cxx\fR" 4

   730 .IX Item "file.cxx"

   731 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cpp\fR" 4

   732 .IX Item "file.cpp"

   733 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.CPP\fR" 4

   734 .IX Item "file.CPP"

   735 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.c++\fR" 4

   736 .IX Item "file.c++"

   737 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.C\fR" 4

   738 .IX Item "file.C"

   739 .PD

   740 \&\*(C+ source code which must be preprocessed.  Note that in \fB.cxx\fR,

   741 the last two letters must both be literally \fBx\fR.  Likewise,

   742 \&\fB.C\fR refers to a literal capital C.

   743 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.hh\fR" 4

   744 .IX Item "file.hh"

   745 .PD 0

   746 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.H\fR" 4

   747 .IX Item "file.H"

   748 .PD

   749 \&\*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.

   750 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.f\fR" 4

   751 .IX Item "file.f"

   752 .PD 0

   753 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.for\fR" 4

   754 .IX Item "file.for"

   755 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.FOR\fR" 4

   756 .IX Item "file.FOR"

   757 .PD

   758 Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed.

   759 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.F\fR" 4

   760 .IX Item "file.F"

   761 .PD 0

   762 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.fpp\fR" 4

   763 .IX Item "file.fpp"

   764 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.FPP\fR" 4

   765 .IX Item "file.FPP"

   766 .PD

   767 Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the traditional

   768 preprocessor).

   769 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.r\fR" 4

   770 .IX Item "file.r"

   771 Fortran source code which must be preprocessed with a \s-1RATFOR\s0

   772 preprocessor (not included with \s-1GCC\s0).

   773 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.ads\fR" 4

   774 .IX Item "file.ads"

   775 Ada source code file which contains a library unit declaration (a

   776 declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic

   777 instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package,

   778 generic, or subprogram renaming declaration).  Such files are also

   779 called \fIspecs\fR.

   780 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.adb\fR" 4

   781 .IX Item "file.adb"

   782 Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram or

   783 package body).  Such files are also called \fIbodies\fR.

   784 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.s\fR" 4

   785 .IX Item "file.s"

   786 Assembler code.

   787 .IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.S\fR" 4

   788 .IX Item "file.S"

   789 Assembler code which must be preprocessed.

   790 .IP "\fIother\fR" 4

   791 .IX Item "other"

   792 An object file to be fed straight into linking.

   793 Any file name with no recognized suffix is treated this way.

   794 .PP

   795 You can specify the input language explicitly with the \fB\-x\fR option:

   796 .IP "\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR" 4

   797 .IX Item "-x language"

   798 Specify explicitly the \fIlanguage\fR for the following input files

   799 (rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the file

   800 name suffix).  This option applies to all following input files until

   801 the next \fB\-x\fR option.  Possible values for \fIlanguage\fR are:

   802 .Sp

   803 .Vb 8

   804 \&        c  c-header  cpp-output

   805 \&        c++  c++-header  c++-cpp-output

   806 \&        objective-c  objective-c-header  objc-cpp-output

   807 \&        assembler  assembler-with-cpp

   808 \&        ada

   809 \&        f77  f77-cpp-input  ratfor

   810 \&        java

   811 \&        treelang

   812 .Ve

   813 .IP "\fB\-x none\fR" 4

   814 .IX Item "-x none"

   815 Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files are

   816 handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if \fB\-x\fR

   817 has not been used at all).

   818 .IP "\fB\-pass\-exit\-codes\fR" 4

   819 .IX Item "-pass-exit-codes"

   820 Normally the \fBgcc\fR program will exit with the code of 1 if any

   821 phase of the compiler returns a non-success return code.  If you specify

   822 \&\fB\-pass\-exit\-codes\fR, the \fBgcc\fR program will instead return with

   823 numerically highest error produced by any phase that returned an error

   824 indication.

   825 .PP

   826 If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use

   827 \&\fB\-x\fR (or filename suffixes) to tell \fBgcc\fR where to start, and

   828 one of the options \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-S\fR, or \fB\-E\fR to say where

   829 \&\fBgcc\fR is to stop.  Note that some combinations (for example,

   830 \&\fB\-x cpp-output \-E\fR) instruct \fBgcc\fR to do nothing at all.

   831 .IP "\fB\-c\fR" 4

   832 .IX Item "-c"

   833 Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link.  The linking

   834 stage simply is not done.  The ultimate output is in the form of an

   835 object file for each source file.

   836 .Sp

   837 By default, the object file name for a source file is made by replacing

   838 the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, \fB.s\fR, etc., with \fB.o\fR.

   839 .Sp

   840 Unrecognized input files, not requiring compilation or assembly, are

   841 ignored.

   842 .IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4

   843 .IX Item "-S"

   844 Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble.  The output

   845 is in the form of an assembler code file for each non-assembler input

   846 file specified.

   847 .Sp

   848 By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by

   849 replacing the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, etc., with \fB.s\fR.

   850 .Sp

   851 Input files that don't require compilation are ignored.

   852 .IP "\fB\-E\fR" 4

   853 .IX Item "-E"

   854 Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper.  The

   855 output is in the form of preprocessed source code, which is sent to the

   856 standard output.

   857 .Sp

   858 Input files which don't require preprocessing are ignored.

   859 .IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4

   860 .IX Item "-o file"

   861 Place output in file \fIfile\fR.  This applies regardless to whatever

   862 sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file,

   863 an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code.

   864 .Sp

   865 If you specify \fB\-o\fR when compiling more than one input file, or

   866 you are producing an executable file as output, all the source files

   867 on the command line will be compiled at once.

   868 .Sp

   869 If \fB\-o\fR is not specified, the default is to put an executable file

   870 in \fIa.out\fR, the object file for \fI\fIsource\fI.\fIsuffix\fI\fR in

   871 \&\fI\fIsource\fI.o\fR, its assembler file in \fI\fIsource\fI.s\fR, and

   872 all preprocessed C source on standard output.

   873 .IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4

   874 .IX Item "-v"

   875 Print (on standard error output) the commands executed to run the stages

   876 of compilation.  Also print the version number of the compiler driver

   877 program and of the preprocessor and the compiler proper.

   878 .IP "\fB\-###\fR" 4

   879 .IX Item "-###"

   880 Like \fB\-v\fR except the commands are not executed and all command

   881 arguments are quoted.  This is useful for shell scripts to capture the

   882 driver-generated command lines.

   883 .IP "\fB\-pipe\fR" 4

   884 .IX Item "-pipe"

   885 Use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the

   886 various stages of compilation.  This fails to work on some systems where

   887 the assembler is unable to read from a pipe; but the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler has

   888 no trouble.

   889 .IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4

   890 .IX Item "--help"

   891 Print (on the standard output) a description of the command line options

   892 understood by \fBgcc\fR.  If the \fB\-v\fR option is also specified

   893 then \fB\-\-help\fR will also be passed on to the various processes

   894 invoked by \fBgcc\fR, so that they can display the command line options

   895 they accept.  If the \fB\-Wextra\fR option is also specified then command

   896 line options which have no documentation associated with them will also

   897 be displayed.

   898 .IP "\fB\-\-target\-help\fR" 4

   899 .IX Item "--target-help"

   900 Print (on the standard output) a description of target specific command

   901 line options for each tool.

   902 .IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4

   903 .IX Item "--version"

   904 Display the version number and copyrights of the invoked \s-1GCC\s0.

   905 .Sh "Compiling \*(C+ Programs"

   906 .IX Subsection "Compiling  Programs"

   907 \&\*(C+ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes \fB.C\fR,

   908 \&\fB.cc\fR, \fB.cpp\fR, \fB.CPP\fR, \fB.c++\fR, \fB.cp\fR, or

   909 \&\fB.cxx\fR; \*(C+ header files often use \fB.hh\fR or \fB.H\fR; and

   910 preprocessed \*(C+ files use the suffix \fB.ii\fR.  \s-1GCC\s0 recognizes

   911 files with these names and compiles them as \*(C+ programs even if you

   912 call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually

   913 with the name \fBgcc\fR).

   914 .PP

   915 However, \*(C+ programs often require class libraries as well as a

   916 compiler that understands the \*(C+ language\-\-\-and under some

   917 circumstances, you might want to compile programs or header files from

   918 standard input, or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as \*(C+

   919 programs.  You might also like to precompile a C header file with a

   920 \&\fB.h\fR extension to be used in \*(C+ compilations.  \fBg++\fR is a

   921 program that calls \s-1GCC\s0 with the default language set to \*(C+, and

   922 automatically specifies linking against the \*(C+ library.  On many

   923 systems, \fBg++\fR is also installed with the name \fBc++\fR.

   924 .PP

   925 When you compile \*(C+ programs, you may specify many of the same

   926 command-line options that you use for compiling programs in any

   927 language; or command-line options meaningful for C and related

   928 languages; or options that are meaningful only for \*(C+ programs.

   929 .Sh "Options Controlling C Dialect"

   930 .IX Subsection "Options Controlling C Dialect"

   931 The following options control the dialect of C (or languages derived

   932 from C, such as \*(C+ and Objective\-C) that the compiler accepts:

   933 .IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4

   934 .IX Item "-ansi"

   935 In C mode, support all \s-1ISO\s0 C90 programs.  In \*(C+ mode,

   936 remove \s-1GNU\s0 extensions that conflict with \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+.

   937 .Sp

   938 This turns off certain features of \s-1GCC\s0 that are incompatible with \s-1ISO\s0

   939 C90 (when compiling C code), or of standard \*(C+ (when compiling \*(C+ code),

   940 such as the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, and

   941 predefined macros such as \f(CW\*(C`unix\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`vax\*(C'\fR that identify the

   942 type of system you are using.  It also enables the undesirable and

   943 rarely used \s-1ISO\s0 trigraph feature.  For the C compiler,

   944 it disables recognition of \*(C+ style \fB//\fR comments as well as

   945 the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword.

   946 .Sp

   947 The alternate keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_extension_\|_\*(C'\fR,

   948 \&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR continue to work despite

   949 \&\fB\-ansi\fR.  You would not want to use them in an \s-1ISO\s0 C program, of

   950 course, but it is useful to put them in header files that might be included

   951 in compilations done with \fB\-ansi\fR.  Alternate predefined macros

   952 such as \f(CW\*(C`_\|_unix_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vax_\|_\*(C'\fR are also available, with or

   953 without \fB\-ansi\fR.

   954 .Sp

   955 The \fB\-ansi\fR option does not cause non-ISO programs to be

   956 rejected gratuitously.  For that, \fB\-pedantic\fR is required in

   957 addition to \fB\-ansi\fR.  

   958 .Sp

   959 The macro \f(CW\*(C`_\|_STRICT_ANSI_\|_\*(C'\fR is predefined when the \fB\-ansi\fR

   960 option is used.  Some header files may notice this macro and refrain

   961 from declaring certain functions or defining certain macros that the

   962 \&\s-1ISO\s0 standard doesn't call for; this is to avoid interfering with any

   963 programs that might use these names for other things.

   964 .Sp

   965 Functions which would normally be built in but do not have semantics

   966 defined by \s-1ISO\s0 C (such as \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR) are not built-in

   967 functions with \fB\-ansi\fR is used.  

   968 .IP "\fB\-std=\fR" 4

   969 .IX Item "-std="

   970 Determine the language standard.  This option is currently only

   971 supported when compiling C or \*(C+.  A value for this option must be

   972 provided; possible values are

   973 .RS 4

   974 .IP "\fBc89\fR" 4

   975 .IX Item "c89"

   976 .PD 0

   977 .IP "\fBiso9899:1990\fR" 4

   978 .IX Item "iso9899:1990"

   979 .PD

   980 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 (same as \fB\-ansi\fR).

   981 .IP "\fBiso9899:199409\fR" 4

   982 .IX Item "iso9899:199409"

   983 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 as modified in amendment 1.

   984 .IP "\fBc99\fR" 4

   985 .IX Item "c99"

   986 .PD 0

   987 .IP "\fBc9x\fR" 4

   988 .IX Item "c9x"

   989 .IP "\fBiso9899:1999\fR" 4

   990 .IX Item "iso9899:1999"

   991 .IP "\fBiso9899:199x\fR" 4

   992 .IX Item "iso9899:199x"

   993 .PD

   994 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C99.  Note that this standard is not yet fully supported; see

   995 <\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/gcc\-3.4/c99status.html\fR> for more information.  The

   996 names \fBc9x\fR and \fBiso9899:199x\fR are deprecated.

   997 .IP "\fBgnu89\fR" 4

   998 .IX Item "gnu89"

   999 Default, \s-1ISO\s0 C90 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions (including some C99 features).

  1000 .IP "\fBgnu99\fR" 4

  1001 .IX Item "gnu99"

  1002 .PD 0

  1003 .IP "\fBgnu9x\fR" 4

  1004 .IX Item "gnu9x"

  1005 .PD

  1006 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C99 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions.  When \s-1ISO\s0 C99 is fully implemented in \s-1GCC\s0,

  1007 this will become the default.  The name \fBgnu9x\fR is deprecated.

  1008 .IP "\fBc++98\fR" 4

  1009 .IX Item "c++98"

  1010 The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments.

  1011 .IP "\fBgnu++98\fR" 4

  1012 .IX Item "gnu++98"

  1013 The same as \fB\-std=c++98\fR plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions.  This is the

  1014 default for \*(C+ code.

  1015 .RE

  1016 .RS 4

  1017 .Sp

  1018 Even when this option is not specified, you can still use some of the

  1019 features of newer standards in so far as they do not conflict with

  1020 previous C standards.  For example, you may use \f(CW\*(C`_\|_restrict_\|_\*(C'\fR even

  1021 when \fB\-std=c99\fR is not specified.

  1022 .Sp

  1023 The \fB\-std\fR options specifying some version of \s-1ISO\s0 C have the same

  1024 effects as \fB\-ansi\fR, except that features that were not in \s-1ISO\s0 C90

  1025 but are in the specified version (for example, \fB//\fR comments and

  1026 the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99) are not disabled.

  1027 .RE

  1028 .IP "\fB\-aux\-info\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4

  1029 .IX Item "-aux-info filename"

  1030 Output to the given filename prototyped declarations for all functions

  1031 declared and/or defined in a translation unit, including those in header

  1032 files.  This option is silently ignored in any language other than C.

  1033 .Sp

  1034 Besides declarations, the file indicates, in comments, the origin of

  1035 each declaration (source file and line), whether the declaration was

  1036 implicit, prototyped or unprototyped (\fBI\fR, \fBN\fR for new or

  1037 \&\fBO\fR for old, respectively, in the first character after the line

  1038 number and the colon), and whether it came from a declaration or a

  1039 definition (\fBC\fR or \fBF\fR, respectively, in the following

  1040 character).  In the case of function definitions, a K&R\-style list of

  1041 arguments followed by their declarations is also provided, inside

  1042 comments, after the declaration.

  1043 .IP "\fB\-fno\-asm\fR" 4

  1044 .IX Item "-fno-asm"

  1045 Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a

  1046 keyword, so that code can use these words as identifiers.  You can use

  1047 the keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR

  1048 instead.  \fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno\-asm\fR.

  1049 .Sp

  1050 In \*(C+, this switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keyword, since

  1051 \&\f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR are standard keywords.  You may want to

  1052 use the \fB\-fno\-gnu\-keywords\fR flag instead, which has the same

  1053 effect.  In C99 mode (\fB\-std=c99\fR or \fB\-std=gnu99\fR), this

  1054 switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, since

  1055 \&\f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR is a standard keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99.

  1056 .IP "\fB\-fno\-builtin\fR" 4

  1057 .IX Item "-fno-builtin"

  1058 .PD 0

  1059 .IP "\fB\-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4

  1060 .IX Item "-fno-builtin-function"

  1061 .PD

  1062 Don't recognize built-in functions that do not begin with

  1063 \&\fB_\|_builtin_\fR as prefix.  

  1064 .Sp

  1065 \&\s-1GCC\s0 normally generates special code to handle certain built-in functions

  1066 more efficiently; for instance, calls to \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR may become single

  1067 instructions that adjust the stack directly, and calls to \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR

  1068 may become inline copy loops.  The resulting code is often both smaller

  1069 and faster, but since the function calls no longer appear as such, you

  1070 cannot set a breakpoint on those calls, nor can you change the behavior

  1071 of the functions by linking with a different library.

  1072 .Sp

  1073 With the \fB\-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR option

  1074 only the built-in function \fIfunction\fR is

  1075 disabled.  \fIfunction\fR must not begin with \fB_\|_builtin_\fR.  If a

  1076 function is named this is not built-in in this version of \s-1GCC\s0, this

  1077 option is ignored.  There is no corresponding

  1078 \&\fB\-fbuiltin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR option; if you wish to enable

  1079 built-in functions selectively when using \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR or

  1080 \&\fB\-ffreestanding\fR, you may define macros such as:

  1081 .Sp

  1082 .Vb 2

  1083 \&        #define abs(n)          __builtin_abs ((n))

  1084 \&        #define strcpy(d, s)    __builtin_strcpy ((d), (s))

  1085 .Ve

  1086 .IP "\fB\-fhosted\fR" 4

  1087 .IX Item "-fhosted"

  1088 Assert that compilation takes place in a hosted environment.  This implies

  1089 \&\fB\-fbuiltin\fR.  A hosted environment is one in which the

  1090 entire standard library is available, and in which \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR has a return

  1091 type of \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR.  Examples are nearly everything except a kernel.

  1092 This is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-freestanding\fR.

  1093 .IP "\fB\-ffreestanding\fR" 4

  1094 .IX Item "-ffreestanding"

  1095 Assert that compilation takes place in a freestanding environment.  This

  1096 implies \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR.  A freestanding environment

  1097 is one in which the standard library may not exist, and program startup may

  1098 not necessarily be at \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR.  The most obvious example is an \s-1OS\s0 kernel.

  1099 This is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-hosted\fR.

  1100 .IP "\fB\-fms\-extensions\fR" 4

  1101 .IX Item "-fms-extensions"

  1102 Accept some non-standard constructs used in Microsoft header files.

  1103 .IP "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4

  1104 .IX Item "-trigraphs"

  1105 Support \s-1ISO\s0 C trigraphs.  The \fB\-ansi\fR option (and \fB\-std\fR

  1106 options for strict \s-1ISO\s0 C conformance) implies \fB\-trigraphs\fR.

  1107 .IP "\fB\-no\-integrated\-cpp\fR" 4

  1108 .IX Item "-no-integrated-cpp"

  1109 Performs a compilation in two passes: preprocessing and compiling.  This

  1110 option allows a user supplied \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", or \*(L"cc1obj\*(R" via the

  1111 \&\fB\-B\fR option. The user supplied compilation step can then add in

  1112 an additional preprocessing step after normal preprocessing but before

  1113 compiling. The default is to use the integrated cpp (internal cpp)

  1114 .Sp

  1115 The semantics of this option will change if \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", and

  1116 \&\*(L"cc1obj\*(R" are merged.

  1117 .IP "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4

  1118 .IX Item "-traditional"

  1119 .PD 0

  1120 .IP "\fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR" 4

  1121 .IX Item "-traditional-cpp"

  1122 .PD

  1123 Formerly, these options caused \s-1GCC\s0 to attempt to emulate a pre-standard

  1124 C compiler.  They are now only supported with the \fB\-E\fR switch.

  1125 The preprocessor continues to support a pre-standard mode.  See the \s-1GNU\s0

  1126 \&\s-1CPP\s0 manual for details.

  1127 .IP "\fB\-fcond\-mismatch\fR" 4

  1128 .IX Item "-fcond-mismatch"

  1129 Allow conditional expressions with mismatched types in the second and

  1130 third arguments.  The value of such an expression is void.  This option

  1131 is not supported for \*(C+.

  1132 .IP "\fB\-funsigned\-char\fR" 4

  1133 .IX Item "-funsigned-char"

  1134 Let the type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR be unsigned, like \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR.

  1135 .Sp