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   352 -----------------------------------------------------------------------

   353 

   354                 GNU Free Documentation License

   355                    Version 1.1, March 2000

   356 

   357  Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   358      51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

   359  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies

   360  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

   361 

   362 

   363 0. PREAMBLE

   364 

   365 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other

   366 written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone

   367 the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without

   368 modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,

   369 this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get

   370 credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for

   371 modifications made by others.

   372 

   373 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative

   374 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It

   375 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft

   376 license designed for free software.

   377 

   378 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free

   379 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free

   380 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the

   381 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;

   382 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or

   383 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License

   384 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

   385 

   386 

   387 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

   388 

   389 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a

   390 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed

   391 under the terms of this License.  The "Document", below, refers to any

   392 such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is

   393 addressed as "you".

   394 

   395 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the

   396 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with

   397 modifications and/or translated into another language.

   398 

   399 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of

   400 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the

   401 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject

   402 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly

   403 within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a

   404 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any

   405 mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical

   406 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,

   407 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding

   408 them.

   409 

   410 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles

   411 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice

   412 that says that the Document is released under this License.

   413 

   414 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,

   415 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that

   416 the Document is released under this License.

   417 

   418 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,

   419 represented in a format whose specification is available to the

   420 general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and

   421 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of

   422 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available

   423 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or

   424 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input

   425 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file

   426 format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage

   427 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is

   428 not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

   429 

   430 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain

   431 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML

   432 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple

   433 HTML designed for human modification.  Opaque formats include

   434 PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only

   435 by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or

   436 processing tools are not generally available, and the

   437 machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output

   438 purposes only.

   439 

   440 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,

   441 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material

   442 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in

   443 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means

   444 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,

   445 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

   446 

   447 

   448 2. VERBATIM COPYING

   449 

   450 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either

   451 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the

   452 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies

   453 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other

   454 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use

   455 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further

   456 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept

   457 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough

   458 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

   459 

   460 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and

   461 you may publicly display copies.

   462 

   463 

   464 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

   465 

   466 If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,

   467 and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose

   468 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover

   469 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on

   470 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify

   471 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present

   472 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and

   473 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.

   474 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve

   475 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated

   476 as verbatim copying in other respects.

   477 

   478 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit

   479 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit

   480 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent

   481 pages.

   482 

   483 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering

   484 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent

   485 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy

   486 a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete

   487 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the

   488 general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no

   489 charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter

   490 option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin

   491 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this

   492 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location

   493 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque

   494 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to

   495 the public.

   496 

   497 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the

   498 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give

   499 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

   500 

   501 

   502 4. MODIFICATIONS

   503 

   504 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under

   505 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release

   506 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified

   507 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution

   508 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy

   509 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

   510 

   511 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct

   512    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions

   513    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section

   514    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version

   515    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

   516 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities

   517    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified

   518    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the

   519    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).

   520 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the

   521    Modified Version, as the publisher.

   522 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

   523 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications

   524    adjacent to the other copyright notices.

   525 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice

   526    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the

   527    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

   528 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections

   529    and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.

   530 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

   531 I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to

   532    it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and

   533    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If

   534    there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one

   535    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as

   536    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified

   537    Version as stated in the previous sentence.

   538 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for

   539    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise

   540    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions

   541    it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.

   542    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at

   543    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original

   544    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

   545 K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",

   546    preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the

   547    substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements

   548    and/or dedications given therein.

   549 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,

   550    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers

   551    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

   552 M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section

   553    may not be included in the Modified Version.

   554 N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"

   555    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

   556 

   557 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or

   558 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material

   559 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all

   560 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the

   561 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.

   562 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

   563 

   564 You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains

   565 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various

   566 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has

   567 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a

   568 standard.

   569 

   570 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a

   571 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list

   572 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of

   573 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or

   574 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already

   575 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or

   576 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,

   577 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit

   578 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

   579 

   580 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License

   581 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or

   582 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

   583 

   584 

   585 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

   586 

   587 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this

   588 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified

   589 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the

   590 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and

   591 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its

   592 license notice.

   593 

   594 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and

   595 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single

   596 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but

   597 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by

   598 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original

   599 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.

   600 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of

   601 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

   602 

   603 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"

   604 in the various original documents, forming one section entitled

   605 "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",

   606 and any sections entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections

   607 entitled "Endorsements."

   608 

   609 

   610 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

   611 

   612 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents

   613 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this

   614 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in

   615 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for

   616 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

   617 

   618 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute

   619 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this

   620 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all

   621 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

   622 

   623 

   624 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

   625 

   626 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate

   627 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or

   628 distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version

   629 of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the

   630 compilation.  Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this

   631 License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled

   632 with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they

   633 are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

   634 

   635 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these

   636 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter

   637 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on

   638 covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.

   639 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.

   640 

   641 

   642 8. TRANSLATION

   643 

   644 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may

   645 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.

   646 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special

   647 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include

   648 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the

   649 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a

   650 translation of this License provided that you also include the

   651 original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement

   652 between the translation and the original English version of this

   653 License, the original English version will prevail.

   654 

   655 

   656 9. TERMINATION

   657 

   658 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except

   659 as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to

   660 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will

   661 automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,

   662 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this

   663 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such

   664 parties remain in full compliance.

   665 

   666 

   667 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

   668 

   669 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions

   670 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new

   671 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may

   672 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See

   673 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

   674 

   675 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.

   676 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this

   677 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of

   678 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or

   679 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the

   680 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version

   681 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not

   682 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

   683 

   684 

   685 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

   686 

   687 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of

   688 the License in the document and put the following copyright and

   689 license notices just after the title page:

   690 

   691       Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.

   692       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

   693       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1

   694       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;

   695       with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the

   696       Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

   697       A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU

   698       Free Documentation License".

   699 

   700 If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"

   701 instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no

   702 Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of

   703 "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.

   704 

   705 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we

   706 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of

   707 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,

   708 to permit their use in free software.