60 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
61 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
62 # so use Lindeman. |
61 # so use Lindeman. |
63 # |
62 # |
64 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
65 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
64 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
66 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
65 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
67 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
66 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
68 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
67 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
69 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
68 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
70 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
69 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
71 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
70 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
73 10:00 AQ EST |
72 10:00 AQ AE%sT |
74 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
73 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul |
75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul |
77 10:00 Holiday EST |
76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT |
78 |
77 |
79 # South Australia |
78 # South Australia |
80 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
79 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
81 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
80 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
82 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - |
81 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
83 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
82 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
84 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - |
83 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
85 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
84 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
86 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
85 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
87 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - |
86 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S |
88 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - |
87 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S |
89 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - |
88 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S |
90 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - |
89 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S |
91 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
90 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
92 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - |
91 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S |
93 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
92 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
94 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
93 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
95 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
94 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
97 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
96 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
98 9:00 - CST 1899 May |
97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 |
98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
100 9:30 AS CST |
99 9:30 AS AC%sT |
101 |
100 |
102 # Tasmania |
101 # Tasmania |
103 # |
102 # |
104 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
103 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
105 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> |
104 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> |
106 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
105 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
107 # |
106 # |
108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
107 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
109 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
108 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
110 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
109 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
111 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
110 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
112 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - |
111 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S |
113 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
112 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
114 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
113 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
115 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
114 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
116 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
115 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
117 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - |
116 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
118 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
117 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
119 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - |
118 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D |
120 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
119 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
121 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
120 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
122 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
121 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
123 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
122 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
124 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
123 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
125 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
124 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
126 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
125 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
127 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
126 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
129 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
128 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb |
130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 |
131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
133 10:00 AT EST |
132 10:00 AT AE%sT |
134 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
133 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb |
135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul |
136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul |
138 10:00 AT EST |
137 10:00 AT AE%sT |
139 |
138 |
140 # Victoria |
139 # Victoria |
141 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
142 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
141 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
143 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
142 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
144 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
143 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
145 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
144 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
146 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - |
145 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
147 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
146 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
148 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
147 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
149 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
148 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
150 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
149 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
151 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
150 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
152 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
151 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
153 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
152 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
154 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
153 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
155 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
154 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
157 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
156 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
159 10:00 AV EST |
158 10:00 AV AE%sT |
160 |
159 |
161 # New South Wales |
160 # New South Wales |
162 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
163 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
162 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
164 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - |
163 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
165 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
164 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
166 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
165 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
167 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
166 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
168 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
167 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
169 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - |
168 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
170 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
169 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
171 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
170 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
172 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
171 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
173 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
172 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
174 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
173 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
175 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
174 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
176 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
175 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
177 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
176 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
178 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
177 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
180 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
179 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
182 10:00 AN EST |
181 10:00 AN AE%sT |
183 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
182 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 |
183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 |
185 9:00 - CST 1899 May |
184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 |
185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
187 9:30 AN CST 2000 |
186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 |
188 9:30 AS CST |
187 9:30 AS AC%sT |
189 |
188 |
190 # Lord Howe Island |
189 # Lord Howe Island |
191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
192 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - |
191 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
193 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
192 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
194 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
193 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
195 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
194 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S |
196 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - |
195 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D |
197 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
196 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
198 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
197 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
199 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
198 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
200 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
199 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
201 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
200 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
202 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
201 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
203 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
202 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
204 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
203 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
205 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - |
204 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D |
206 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
205 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar |
206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar |
208 10:30 LH LHST |
207 10:30 LH LH%sT |
209 |
208 |
210 # Australian miscellany |
209 # Australian miscellany |
211 # |
210 # |
212 # Ashmore Is, Cartier |
211 # Ashmore Is, Cartier |
213 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
212 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
265 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): |
264 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): |
266 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST |
265 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST |
267 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. |
266 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. |
268 # |
267 # |
269 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" |
268 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" |
270 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> |
|
271 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 |
269 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 |
272 # </a> |
|
273 # or |
|
274 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> |
|
275 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html |
270 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html |
276 # </a> |
|
277 |
271 |
278 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): |
272 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): |
279 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved |
273 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved |
280 # amendments: |
274 # amendments: |
281 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> |
|
282 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml |
275 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml |
283 # </a> |
|
284 |
276 |
285 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): |
277 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): |
286 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on |
278 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on |
287 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. |
279 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. |
288 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March |
280 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March |
289 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). |
281 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). |
290 # |
282 # |
291 # Official source: |
283 # Official source: |
292 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> |
|
293 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 |
284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 |
294 # </a> |
|
295 # |
285 # |
296 # A bit more background info here: |
286 # A bit more background info here: |
297 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> |
|
298 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html |
287 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html |
299 # </a> |
|
300 |
288 |
301 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): |
289 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): |
302 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 |
290 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 |
303 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... |
291 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... |
304 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, |
292 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, |
305 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: |
293 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: |
306 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> |
|
307 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
294 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
308 # </a> |
|
309 # or |
|
310 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> |
|
311 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html |
295 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html |
312 # </a> |
|
313 |
296 |
314 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): |
297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): |
315 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date |
298 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date |
316 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). |
299 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). |
317 # |
300 # |
318 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> |
301 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
319 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
|
320 # </a> |
|
321 # which says |
302 # which says |
322 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in |
303 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in |
323 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to |
304 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to |
324 # 2am on February 26 next year. |
305 # 2am on February 26 next year. |
325 |
306 |
326 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) |
307 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) |
327 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for |
308 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for |
328 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. |
309 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. |
329 # |
310 # |
330 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> |
|
331 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
311 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
332 # </a> |
|
333 # states: |
312 # states: |
334 # |
313 # |
335 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 |
314 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 |
336 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. |
315 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. |
337 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start |
316 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start |
547 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time |
527 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time |
548 |
528 |
549 # American Samoa |
529 # American Samoa |
550 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
530 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
551 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
531 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
552 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time |
|
553 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome |
532 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome |
554 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering |
533 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering |
555 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
534 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
556 |
535 |
557 # Samoa |
536 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) |
558 |
537 |
559 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): |
538 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): |
560 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received |
539 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received |
561 # the following info: |
540 # the following info: |
562 # |
541 # |
563 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year |
542 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year |
564 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first |
543 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first |
565 # Sunday of April 2011." |
544 # Sunday of April 2011." |
566 # |
545 # |
567 # Background info: |
546 # Background info: |
568 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> |
|
569 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html |
547 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html |
570 # </a> |
|
571 # |
548 # |
572 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not |
549 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not |
573 # contain any dates: |
550 # contain any dates: |
574 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> |
|
575 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf |
551 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf |
576 # </a> |
|
577 |
552 |
578 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): |
553 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): |
579 # Please see |
554 # Please see |
580 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> |
|
581 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws |
555 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws |
582 # </a>, |
|
583 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday |
556 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday |
584 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight |
557 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight |
585 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks |
558 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks |
586 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" |
559 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" |
587 |
560 |
588 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): |
561 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): |
589 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website |
562 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] |
590 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> |
563 # |
591 # www.mcil.gov.ws |
564 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am |
592 # </a> |
565 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to |
593 # |
566 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock |
594 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME |
567 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). |
595 # |
568 |
596 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, |
569 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): |
597 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight |
|
598 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). |
|
599 # |
|
600 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes |
|
601 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, |
|
602 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be |
|
603 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). |
|
604 # |
|
605 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, |
|
606 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 |
|
607 |
|
608 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): |
|
609 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line |
570 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line |
610 # |
571 # |
611 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> |
|
612 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 |
572 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 |
613 # </a> |
573 |
614 |
574 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): |
615 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): |
575 # The International Date Line Act 2011 |
616 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law |
576 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf |
617 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she |
577 # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on |
618 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather |
578 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted |
619 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But |
579 # accordingly. |
620 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa |
|
621 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: |
|
622 # |
|
623 # International Date Line Bill 2011 |
|
624 # |
|
625 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make |
|
626 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date |
|
627 # Line, and for related purposes. |
|
628 # |
|
629 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament |
|
630 # assembled as follows: |
|
631 # |
|
632 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the |
|
633 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act |
|
634 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) |
|
635 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. |
|
636 # |
|
637 # [snip] |
|
638 # |
|
639 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any |
|
640 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the |
|
641 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. |
|
642 # |
|
643 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa |
|
644 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated |
|
645 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's |
|
646 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and |
|
647 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to |
|
648 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this |
|
649 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that |
|
650 # it defines Samoa standard time.... |
|
651 |
580 |
652 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): |
581 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): |
653 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> |
|
654 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
582 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
655 # </a> |
|
656 # |
583 # |
657 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change |
584 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change |
658 # |
585 # |
659 # DST |
586 # DST |
660 # Year End Time Start Time |
587 # Year End Time Start Time |
661 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am |
588 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am |
662 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - |
589 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - |
663 # |
590 # |
664 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 |
591 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 |
665 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours |
592 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours |
666 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours |
593 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours |
667 # |
594 # |
668 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): |
595 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): |
669 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 |
|
670 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on |
|
671 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. |
|
672 # |
|
673 # From Nicky (2012-09-10): |
|
674 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and |
596 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and |
675 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. |
597 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... |
676 # |
|
677 # Please find link below for more information. |
|
678 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
598 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
679 # |
599 # |
680 # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well |
600 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): |
681 # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the |
601 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. |
682 # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. |
602 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. |
683 |
603 |
684 # Western Samoa |
|
685 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
604 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
605 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D |
|
606 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S |
|
607 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D |
|
608 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S |
686 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D |
609 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D |
687 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - |
|
688 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
689 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
611 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
690 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
612 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
691 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time |
613 -11:30 - WSST 1950 |
692 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 |
614 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa |
693 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 |
|
694 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 |
|
695 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 |
|
696 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 |
|
697 13:00 WS WS%sT |
615 13:00 WS WS%sT |
698 |
616 |
699 # Solomon Is |
617 # Solomon Is |
700 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
618 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
701 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
870 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. |
788 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. |
871 # |
789 # |
872 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
790 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
873 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
791 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
874 # |
792 # |
875 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; |
793 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; |
876 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
794 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
877 # Corrections are welcome! |
795 # Corrections are welcome! |
878 # std dst |
796 # std dst |
879 # LMT Local Mean Time |
797 # LMT Local Mean Time |
880 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia |
798 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia |
881 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* |
799 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* |
882 # 9:00 JST Japan |
800 # 9:00 JST Japan |
883 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia |
801 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia |
884 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia |
802 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia |
885 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
803 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
886 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* |
804 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* |
887 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
805 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
888 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
806 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
889 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* |
807 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* |
890 # -11:00 SST Samoa |
808 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* |
891 # -10:00 HST Hawaii |
809 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* |
892 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* |
810 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* |
893 # |
811 # -11:00 SST Samoa |
894 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
812 # -10:00 HST Hawaii |
895 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. |
813 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* |
|
814 # |
|
815 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
|
816 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. |
896 |
817 |
897 ############################################################################### |
818 ############################################################################### |
898 |
819 |
899 # Australia |
820 # Australia |
900 |
821 |
|
822 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
|
823 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting |
|
824 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. |
|
825 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving |
|
826 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native |
|
827 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was |
|
828 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a |
|
829 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded |
|
830 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables |
|
831 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." |
|
832 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) |
|
833 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm |
|
834 |
901 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
835 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
902 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> |
|
903 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
836 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
904 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
837 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> |
|
838 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
905 |
839 |
906 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
840 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
907 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> |
|
908 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
841 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
909 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. |
842 # <http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving> |
|
843 # covers New South Wales in particular. |
910 |
844 |
911 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
845 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
912 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. |
846 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. |
913 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' |
847 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' |
914 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
848 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
915 # abbreviation does _not_ change... |
849 # abbreviation does _not_ change... |
916 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
850 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
917 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
851 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
918 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
852 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
919 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight |
853 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight |
920 # time'. |
854 # time'. |
921 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
855 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
922 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' |
856 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' |
923 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
857 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
924 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
858 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
925 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
859 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
926 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; |
860 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; |
927 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
861 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
928 |
862 |
929 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
863 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
930 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: |
864 # |
931 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 |
865 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this |
932 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 |
866 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer |
933 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 |
867 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". |
934 |
868 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common |
935 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): |
869 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints |
936 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: |
870 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. |
937 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> |
871 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; |
938 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: |
872 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web |
939 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> |
873 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for |
940 |
874 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an |
941 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" |
875 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the |
942 # versus "AEST" etc.: |
876 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: |
943 # |
877 # |
944 # I see the following points of dispute: |
878 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] |
945 # |
879 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au |
946 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? |
880 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au |
947 # |
881 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au |
948 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris |
882 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au |
949 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper |
883 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au |
950 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity |
884 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] |
951 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian |
885 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
952 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. |
886 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au |
953 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique |
887 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au |
954 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't |
888 # |
955 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. |
889 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
956 # |
890 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au |
957 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous |
891 # |
958 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is |
892 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but |
959 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for |
893 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages |
960 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. |
894 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since |
961 # |
895 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: |
962 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? |
896 # |
963 # |
897 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au |
964 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in |
898 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au |
965 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about |
899 # |
966 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard |
900 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as |
967 # Time, for example. |
901 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" |
968 # |
902 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. |
969 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to |
903 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers |
970 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a |
904 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, |
971 # tiebreaker. |
905 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, |
972 # |
906 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). |
973 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern |
907 # |
974 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with |
908 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations |
975 # the word "Australian"? |
909 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> |
976 # |
910 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style |
977 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are |
911 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't |
978 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more |
912 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations |
979 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more |
913 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather |
980 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the |
914 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column |
981 # following count of page hits: |
915 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not |
982 # |
916 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." |
983 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au |
917 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and |
984 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au |
918 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel |
985 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au |
919 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two |
986 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au |
920 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political |
987 # |
921 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." |
988 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", |
922 # |
989 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, |
923 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: |
990 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer |
924 # |
991 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. |
925 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) |
992 # |
926 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time |
993 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of |
927 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) |
994 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and |
928 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
995 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here |
929 # |
996 # are the hit counts anyway: |
930 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) |
997 # |
931 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml |
998 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au |
932 # EST CST WST EDT CDT |
999 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au |
933 # |
1000 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au |
934 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) |
1001 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au |
935 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml |
1002 # |
936 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) |
1003 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au |
937 # |
1004 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au |
938 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) |
1005 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au |
939 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp |
1006 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au |
940 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
1007 # |
941 # |
1008 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au |
942 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) |
1009 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au |
943 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf |
1010 # |
944 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used |
1011 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in |
945 # |
1012 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given |
946 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, |
1013 # the ambiguities involved. |
947 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. |
1014 # |
948 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: |
1015 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? |
949 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". |
1016 # |
950 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to |
1017 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 |
951 # appear in reports of events with international implications. |
1018 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, |
952 # |
1019 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and |
953 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in |
1020 # understood in Australia. |
954 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although |
|
955 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in |
|
956 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it |
|
957 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all |
|
958 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, |
|
959 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current |
|
960 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and |
|
961 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. |
1021 |
962 |
1022 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
963 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
1023 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
964 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
1024 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
965 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
1025 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
966 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
1026 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
967 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
1027 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. |
968 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. |
1028 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
969 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
1029 |
970 |
1030 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
971 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
1031 # |
972 # |
1032 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
973 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
1033 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
974 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
1034 # relevant entries in this database. |
975 # relevant entries in this database. |
1035 # |
976 # |
1036 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
977 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
1037 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> |
|
1038 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
978 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
1039 # </a> |
979 # <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html> |
1040 # ACT |
980 # ACT |
1041 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> |
|
1042 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
981 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
1043 # </a> |
982 # <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html> |
1044 # SA |
983 # SA |
1045 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> |
|
1046 # Standard Time Act, 1898 |
984 # Standard Time Act, 1898 |
1047 # </a> |
985 # <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html> |
1048 |
986 |
1049 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
987 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
1050 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
988 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
1051 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
989 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
1052 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
990 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
1314 # From Arthur David Olson: |
1252 # From Arthur David Olson: |
1315 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
1253 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
1316 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
1254 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
1317 # who notes: |
1255 # who notes: |
1318 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
1256 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
1319 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' |
1257 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" |
1320 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
1258 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
1321 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
1259 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
1322 # legislation. This is very important to understand. |
1260 # legislation. This is very important to understand. |
1323 # I have researched New South Wales time only... |
1261 # I have researched New South Wales time only... |
1324 |
1262 |
1325 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
1263 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
1326 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
1264 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
1327 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, |
1265 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, |
1328 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> |
|
1329 # Two months more daylight saving |
1266 # Two months more daylight saving |
1330 # </a> |
1267 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26) |
1331 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] |
1268 # <http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html>] |
1332 |
1269 |
1333 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
1270 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
1334 # See the following official NSW source: |
1271 # See the following official NSW source: |
1335 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> |
|
1336 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
1272 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
1337 # </a> |
1273 # <http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ> |
1338 # |
1274 # |
1339 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
1275 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
1340 # daylight saving next year. See: |
1276 # daylight saving next year. See: |
1341 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> |
|
1342 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
1277 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
1343 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
1278 # <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm> |
|
1279 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
1344 # |
1280 # |
1345 # Victoria will following NSW. See: |
1281 # Victoria will following NSW. See: |
1346 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> |
1282 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) |
1347 # Vic to extend daylight saving |
1283 # <http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm> |
1348 # </a> (1999-07-28). |
|
1349 # |
1284 # |
1350 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
1285 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
1351 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> |
1286 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) |
1352 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request |
1287 # <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm> |
1353 # </a> (1999-07-19). |
|
1354 # |
1288 # |
1355 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
1289 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
1356 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> |
|
1357 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
1290 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
1358 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
1291 # <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm> |
1359 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
1292 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
|
1293 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
1360 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
1294 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
1361 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
1295 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
1362 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
1296 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
1363 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' |
1297 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." |
1364 # |
1298 # |
1365 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
1299 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
1366 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> |
1300 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) |
1367 # Broken Hill to be behind the times |
1301 # <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm> |
1368 # </a> (1999-07-21). |
|
1369 |
1302 |
1370 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
1303 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
1371 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
1304 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
1372 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
1305 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
1373 |
1306 |
1623 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
1560 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
1624 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in |
1561 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in |
1625 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
1562 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
1626 |
1563 |
1627 |
1564 |
1628 # Samoa |
1565 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa |
1629 |
1566 |
1630 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) |
1567 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) |
1631 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change |
1568 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change |
1632 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
1569 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
1633 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that |
1570 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that |
1634 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' |
1571 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." |
1635 |
1572 |
|
1573 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 |
|
1574 # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 |
|
1575 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards |
|
1576 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. |
|
1577 # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, |
|
1578 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a |
|
1579 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New |
|
1580 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. |
1636 |
1581 |
1637 # Tonga |
1582 # Tonga |
1638 |
1583 |
1639 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
1584 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
1640 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting |
1585 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting |
1641 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' |
1586 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." |
1642 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
1587 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
1643 |
1588 |
1644 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
1589 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
1645 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> |
1590 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins' |
1646 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' |
1591 # <http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm>: |
1647 # </a>: |
|
1648 |
1592 |
1649 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
1593 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
1650 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
1594 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
1651 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
1595 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
1652 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
1596 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
1653 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees |
1597 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees |
1654 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
1598 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
1655 # |
1599 # |
1656 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
1600 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
1657 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
1601 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
1658 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
1602 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
1659 # |
1603 # |
1660 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
1604 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
1661 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
1605 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
1662 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
1606 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |