--- a/components/rsync/patches/rsync.1.patch Thu Jun 09 17:28:09 2011 -0700
+++ b/components/rsync/patches/rsync.1.patch Fri Jun 10 14:01:58 2011 -0700
@@ -1,22 +1,5562 @@
---- rsync-3.0.6.ori/rsync.1 Wed May 4 09:58:49 2011
-+++ rsync-3.0.6/rsync.1 Thu May 5 10:23:18 2011
-@@ -1213,9 +1213,8 @@
- up less space on the destination. Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP because it's
- not possible to overwrite data in a sparse fashion.
- .IP
--NOTE: Don't use this option when the destination is a Solaris \(lqtmpfs\(rq
--filesystem. It doesn't seem to handle seeks over null regions
--correctly and ends up corrupting the files.
-+NOTE: This option has no effect if the destination is a Solaris "tmpfs"
-+filesystem. The files won't be sparse\&.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-n, \-\-dry\-run\fP"
- This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn't
-@@ -3472,3 +3471,7 @@
- .PP
- Mailing lists for support and development are available at
- http://lists.samba.org
-+.SH "NOTES"
-+WARNING: Daemon mode does not participate in the core
-+Solaris security policies, including Authentication, limit
-+of privileges, Audit and Audit of any subprocessing.
+*** rsync-3.0.6/rsync.1 Fri May 8 10:42:39 2009
+--- rsync-3.0.8/rsync.1 Sat Mar 26 14:37:52 2011
+***************
+*** 1,6 ****
+! .TH "rsync" "1" "8 May 2009" "" ""
+ .SH "NAME"
+! rsync \(em a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
+ .SH "SYNOPSIS"
+
+ .PP
+--- 1,6 ----
+! .TH "rsync" "1" "26 Mar 2011" "" ""
+ .SH "NAME"
+! rsync \(em a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file\-copying tool
+ .SH "SYNOPSIS"
+
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 29,45 ****
+ copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a
+ remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control
+ every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the
+! set of files to be copied. It is famous for its delta-transfer algorithm,
+ which reduces the amount of data sent over the network by sending only the
+ differences between the source files and the existing files in the
+ destination. Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an
+ improved copy command for everyday use.
+ .PP
+! Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a \(lqquick check\(rq
+ algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or
+! in last-modified time. Any changes in the other preserved attributes (as
+ requested by options) are made on the destination file directly when the
+! quick check indicates that the file's data does not need to be updated.
+ .PP
+ Some of the additional features of rsync are:
+ .PP
+--- 29,45 ----
+ copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a
+ remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control
+ every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the
+! set of files to be copied. It is famous for its delta\-transfer algorithm,
+ which reduces the amount of data sent over the network by sending only the
+ differences between the source files and the existing files in the
+ destination. Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an
+ improved copy command for everyday use.
+ .PP
+! Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a \(dq\&quick check\(dq\&
+ algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or
+! in last\-modified time. Any changes in the other preserved attributes (as
+ requested by options) are made on the destination file directly when the
+! quick check indicates that the file\(cq\&s data does not need to be updated.
+ .PP
+ Some of the additional features of rsync are:
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 46,58 ****
+ .IP o
+ support for copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions
+ .IP o
+! exclude and exclude-from options similar to GNU tar
+ .IP o
+ a CVS exclude mode for ignoring the same files that CVS would ignore
+ .IP o
+ can use any transparent remote shell, including ssh or rsh
+ .IP o
+! does not require super-user privileges
+ .IP o
+ pipelining of file transfers to minimize latency costs
+ .IP o
+--- 46,58 ----
+ .IP o
+ support for copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions
+ .IP o
+! exclude and exclude\-from options similar to GNU tar
+ .IP o
+ a CVS exclude mode for ignoring the same files that CVS would ignore
+ .IP o
+ can use any transparent remote shell, including ssh or rsh
+ .IP o
+! does not require super\-user privileges
+ .IP o
+ pipelining of file transfers to minimize latency costs
+ .IP o
+***************
+*** 67,90 ****
+ current host (it does not support copying files between two remote hosts).
+ .PP
+ There are two different ways for rsync to contact a remote system: using a
+! remote-shell program as the transport (such as ssh or rsh) or contacting an
+! rsync daemon directly via TCP. The remote-shell transport is used whenever
+ the source or destination path contains a single colon (:) separator after
+ a host specification. Contacting an rsync daemon directly happens when the
+ source or destination path contains a double colon (::) separator after a
+ host specification, OR when an rsync:// URL is specified (see also the
+! \(lqUSING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION\(rq section for
+ an exception to this latter rule).
+ .PP
+ As a special case, if a single source arg is specified without a
+! destination, the files are listed in an output format similar to \(lqls \-l\(rq.
+ .PP
+ As expected, if neither the source or destination path specify a remote
+ host, the copy occurs locally (see also the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option).
+ .PP
+! Rsync refers to the local side as the \(lqclient\(rq and the remote side as the
+! \(lqserver\(rq. Don't confuse \(lqserver\(rq with an rsync daemon \(em a daemon is always a
+! server, but a server can be either a daemon or a remote-shell spawned process.
+ .PP
+ .SH "SETUP"
+
+--- 67,90 ----
+ current host (it does not support copying files between two remote hosts).
+ .PP
+ There are two different ways for rsync to contact a remote system: using a
+! remote\-shell program as the transport (such as ssh or rsh) or contacting an
+! rsync daemon directly via TCP. The remote\-shell transport is used whenever
+ the source or destination path contains a single colon (:) separator after
+ a host specification. Contacting an rsync daemon directly happens when the
+ source or destination path contains a double colon (::) separator after a
+ host specification, OR when an rsync:// URL is specified (see also the
+! \(dq\&USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& section for
+ an exception to this latter rule).
+ .PP
+ As a special case, if a single source arg is specified without a
+! destination, the files are listed in an output format similar to \(dq\&ls \-l\(dq\&.
+ .PP
+ As expected, if neither the source or destination path specify a remote
+ host, the copy occurs locally (see also the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option).
+ .PP
+! Rsync refers to the local side as the \(dq\&client\(dq\& and the remote side as the
+! \(dq\&server\(dq\&. Don\(cq\&t confuse \(dq\&server\(dq\& with an rsync daemon \-\- a daemon is always a
+! server, but a server can be either a daemon or a remote\-shell spawned process.
+ .PP
+ .SH "SETUP"
+
+***************
+*** 93,99 ****
+ .PP
+ Once installed, you can use rsync to any machine that you can access via
+ a remote shell (as well as some that you can access using the rsync
+! daemon-mode protocol). For remote transfers, a modern rsync uses ssh
+ for its communications, but it may have been configured to use a
+ different remote shell by default, such as rsh or remsh.
+ .PP
+--- 93,99 ----
+ .PP
+ Once installed, you can use rsync to any machine that you can access via
+ a remote shell (as well as some that you can access using the rsync
+! daemon\-mode protocol). For remote transfers, a modern rsync uses ssh
+ for its communications, but it may have been configured to use a
+ different remote shell by default, such as rsh or remsh.
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 119,125 ****
+ This would transfer all files matching the pattern *.c from the
+ current directory to the directory src on the machine foo. If any of
+ the files already exist on the remote system then the rsync
+! remote-update protocol is used to update the file by sending only the
+ differences. See the tech report for details.
+ .PP
+ .RS
+--- 119,125 ----
+ This would transfer all files matching the pattern *.c from the
+ current directory to the directory src on the machine foo. If any of
+ the files already exist on the remote system then the rsync
+! remote\-update protocol is used to update the file by sending only the
+ differences. See the tech report for details.
+ .PP
+ .RS
+***************
+*** 129,135 ****
+ .PP
+ This would recursively transfer all files from the directory src/bar on the
+ machine foo into the /data/tmp/bar directory on the local machine. The
+! files are transferred in \(lqarchive\(rq mode, which ensures that symbolic
+ links, devices, attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc. are preserved
+ in the transfer. Additionally, compression will be used to reduce the
+ size of data portions of the transfer.
+--- 129,135 ----
+ .PP
+ This would recursively transfer all files from the directory src/bar on the
+ machine foo into the /data/tmp/bar directory on the local machine. The
+! files are transferred in \(dq\&archive\(dq\& mode, which ensures that symbolic
+ links, devices, attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc. are preserved
+ in the transfer. Additionally, compression will be used to reduce the
+ size of data portions of the transfer.
+***************
+*** 141,148 ****
+ .PP
+ A trailing slash on the source changes this behavior to avoid creating an
+ additional directory level at the destination. You can think of a trailing
+! / on a source as meaning \(lqcopy the contents of this directory\(rq as opposed
+! to \(lqcopy the directory by name\(rq, but in both cases the attributes of the
+ containing directory are transferred to the containing directory on the
+ destination. In other words, each of the following commands copies the
+ files in the same way, including their setting of the attributes of
+--- 141,148 ----
+ .PP
+ A trailing slash on the source changes this behavior to avoid creating an
+ additional directory level at the destination. You can think of a trailing
+! / on a source as meaning \(dq\© the contents of this directory\(dq\& as opposed
+! to \(dq\© the directory by name\(dq\&, but in both cases the attributes of the
+ containing directory are transferred to the containing directory on the
+ destination. In other words, each of the following commands copies the
+ files in the same way, including their setting of the attributes of
+***************
+*** 156,164 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! Note also that host and module references don't require a trailing slash to
+ copy the contents of the default directory. For example, both of these
+! copy the remote directory's contents into \(lq/dest\(rq:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWrsync \-av host: /dest\fP
+--- 156,164 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! Note also that host and module references don\(cq\&t require a trailing slash to
+ copy the contents of the default directory. For example, both of these
+! copy the remote directory\(cq\&s contents into \(dq\&/dest\(dq\&:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWrsync \-av host: /dest\fP
+***************
+*** 168,175 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! You can also use rsync in local-only mode, where both the source and
+! destination don't have a \(oq:\(cq in the name. In this case it behaves like
+ an improved copy command.
+ .PP
+ Finally, you can list all the (listable) modules available from a
+--- 168,175 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! You can also use rsync in local\-only mode, where both the source and
+! destination don\(cq\&t have a \(cq\&:\(cq\& in the name. In this case it behaves like
+ an improved copy command.
+ .PP
+ Finally, you can list all the (listable) modules available from a
+***************
+*** 186,192 ****
+
+ .PP
+ The syntax for requesting multiple files from a remote host is done by
+! specifying additional remote-host args in the same style as the first,
+ or with the hostname omitted. For instance, all these work:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+--- 186,192 ----
+
+ .PP
+ The syntax for requesting multiple files from a remote host is done by
+! specifying additional remote\-host args in the same style as the first,
+ or with the hostname omitted. For instance, all these work:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+***************
+*** 202,223 ****
+ examples:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'dir1/file1 dir2/file2' /dest\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync host::'modname/dir1/file1 modname/dir2/file2' /dest\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! This word-splitting still works (by default) in the latest rsync, but is
+ not as easy to use as the first method.
+ .PP
+ If you need to transfer a filename that contains whitespace, you can either
+! specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP (\fB\-s\fP) option, or you'll need to escape
+ the whitespace in a way that the remote shell will understand. For
+ instance:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'file\e name\e with\e spaces' /dest\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+--- 202,223 ----
+ examples:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'\&dir1/file1 dir2/file2'\& /dest\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync host::'\&modname/dir1/file1 modname/dir2/file2'\& /dest\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! This word\-splitting still works (by default) in the latest rsync, but is
+ not as easy to use as the first method.
+ .PP
+ If you need to transfer a filename that contains whitespace, you can either
+! specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP (\fB\-s\fP) option, or you\(cq\&ll need to escape
+ the whitespace in a way that the remote shell will understand. For
+ instance:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'\&file\e name\e with\e spaces'\& /dest\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 237,243 ****
+ you either use a double colon :: instead of a single colon to
+ separate the hostname from the path, or you use an rsync:// URL.
+ .IP o
+! the first word of the \(lqpath\(rq is actually a module name.
+ .IP o
+ the remote daemon may print a message of the day when you
+ connect.
+--- 237,243 ----
+ you either use a double colon :: instead of a single colon to
+ separate the hostname from the path, or you use an rsync:// URL.
+ .IP o
+! the first word of the \(dq\&path\(dq\& is actually a module name.
+ .IP o
+ the remote daemon may print a message of the day when you
+ connect.
+***************
+*** 251,257 ****
+ you must not specify the \fB\-\-rsh\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
+
+ .PP
+! An example that copies all the files in a remote module named \(lqsrc\(rq:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+ rsync \-av host::src /dest
+--- 251,257 ----
+ you must not specify the \fB\-\-rsh\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
+
+ .PP
+! An example that copies all the files in a remote module named \(dq\&src\(dq\&:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+ rsync \-av host::src /dest
+***************
+*** 269,286 ****
+ .PP
+ You may establish the connection via a web proxy by setting the
+ environment variable RSYNC_PROXY to a hostname:port pair pointing to
+! your web proxy. Note that your web proxy's configuration must support
+ proxy connections to port 873.
+ .PP
+ You may also establish a daemon connection using a program as a proxy by
+ setting the environment variable RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG to the commands you
+ wish to run in place of making a direct socket connection. The string may
+! contain the escape \(lq%H\(rq to represent the hostname specified in the rsync
+! command (so use \(lq%%\(rq if you need a single \(lq%\(rq in your string). For
+ example:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! export RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG='ssh proxyhost nc %H 873'
+ rsync \-av targethost1::module/src/ /dest/
+ rsync \-av rsync:://targethost2/module/src/ /dest/
+ .fi
+--- 269,286 ----
+ .PP
+ You may establish the connection via a web proxy by setting the
+ environment variable RSYNC_PROXY to a hostname:port pair pointing to
+! your web proxy. Note that your web proxy\(cq\&s configuration must support
+ proxy connections to port 873.
+ .PP
+ You may also establish a daemon connection using a program as a proxy by
+ setting the environment variable RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG to the commands you
+ wish to run in place of making a direct socket connection. The string may
+! contain the escape \(dq\&%H\(dq\& to represent the hostname specified in the rsync
+! command (so use \(dq\&%%\(dq\& if you need a single \(dq\&%\(dq\& in your string). For
+ example:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! export RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG='\&ssh proxyhost nc %H 873'\&
+ rsync \-av targethost1::module/src/ /dest/
+ rsync \-av rsync:://targethost2/module/src/ /dest/
+ .fi
+***************
+*** 290,315 ****
+ which forwards all data to port 873 (the rsync daemon) on the targethost
+ (%H).
+ .PP
+! .SH "USING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION"
+
+ .PP
+ It is sometimes useful to use various features of an rsync daemon (such as
+ named modules) without actually allowing any new socket connections into a
+! system (other than what is already required to allow remote-shell access).
+ Rsync supports connecting to a host using a remote shell and then spawning
+! a single-use \(lqdaemon\(rq server that expects to read its config file in the
+ home dir of the remote user. This can be useful if you want to encrypt a
+! daemon-style transfer's data, but since the daemon is started up fresh by
+ the remote user, you may not be able to use features such as chroot or
+ change the uid used by the daemon. (For another way to encrypt a daemon
+ transfer, consider using ssh to tunnel a local port to a remote machine and
+ configure a normal rsync daemon on that remote host to only allow
+! connections from \(lqlocalhost\(rq.)
+ .PP
+! From the user's perspective, a daemon transfer via a remote-shell
+! connection uses nearly the same command-line syntax as a normal
+! rsync-daemon transfer, with the only exception being that you must
+! explicitly set the remote shell program on the command-line with the
+ \fB\-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP option. (Setting the RSYNC_RSH in the environment
+ will not turn on this functionality.) For example:
+ .PP
+--- 290,315 ----
+ which forwards all data to port 873 (the rsync daemon) on the targethost
+ (%H).
+ .PP
+! .SH "USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION"
+
+ .PP
+ It is sometimes useful to use various features of an rsync daemon (such as
+ named modules) without actually allowing any new socket connections into a
+! system (other than what is already required to allow remote\-shell access).
+ Rsync supports connecting to a host using a remote shell and then spawning
+! a single\-use \(dq\&daemon\(dq\& server that expects to read its config file in the
+ home dir of the remote user. This can be useful if you want to encrypt a
+! daemon\-style transfer\(cq\&s data, but since the daemon is started up fresh by
+ the remote user, you may not be able to use features such as chroot or
+ change the uid used by the daemon. (For another way to encrypt a daemon
+ transfer, consider using ssh to tunnel a local port to a remote machine and
+ configure a normal rsync daemon on that remote host to only allow
+! connections from \(dq\&localhost\(dq\&.)
+ .PP
+! From the user\(cq\&s perspective, a daemon transfer via a remote\-shell
+! connection uses nearly the same command\-line syntax as a normal
+! rsync\-daemon transfer, with the only exception being that you must
+! explicitly set the remote shell program on the command\-line with the
+ \fB\-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP option. (Setting the RSYNC_RSH in the environment
+ will not turn on this functionality.) For example:
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 318,336 ****
+ .fi
+
+ .PP
+! If you need to specify a different remote-shell user, keep in mind that the
+! user@ prefix in front of the host is specifying the rsync-user value (for a
+! module that requires user-based authentication). This means that you must
+! give the '\-l user' option to ssh when specifying the remote-shell, as in
+ this example that uses the short version of the \fB\-\-rsh\fP option:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-e "ssh \-l ssh-user" rsync-user@host::module /dest
+ .fi
+
+ .PP
+! The \(lqssh-user\(rq will be used at the ssh level; the \(lqrsync-user\(rq will be
+! used to log-in to the \(lqmodule\(rq.
+ .PP
+ .SH "STARTING AN RSYNC DAEMON TO ACCEPT CONNECTIONS"
+
+--- 318,336 ----
+ .fi
+
+ .PP
+! If you need to specify a different remote\-shell user, keep in mind that the
+! user@ prefix in front of the host is specifying the rsync\-user value (for a
+! module that requires user\-based authentication). This means that you must
+! give the \(cq\&\-l user\(cq\& option to ssh when specifying the remote\-shell, as in
+ this example that uses the short version of the \fB\-\-rsh\fP option:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-e \(dq\&ssh \-l ssh\-user\(dq\& rsync\-user@host::module /dest
+ .fi
+
+ .PP
+! The \(dq\&ssh\-user\(dq\& will be used at the ssh level; the \(dq\&rsync\-user\(dq\& will be
+! used to log\-in to the \(dq\&module\(dq\&.
+ .PP
+ .SH "STARTING AN RSYNC DAEMON TO ACCEPT CONNECTIONS"
+
+***************
+*** 339,349 ****
+ daemon already running (or it needs to have configured something like inetd
+ to spawn an rsync daemon for incoming connections on a particular port).
+ For full information on how to start a daemon that will handling incoming
+! socket connections, see the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) man page \(em that is the config
+ file for the daemon, and it contains the full details for how to run the
+! daemon (including stand-alone and inetd configurations).
+ .PP
+! If you're using one of the remote-shell transports for the transfer, there is
+ no need to manually start an rsync daemon.
+ .PP
+ .SH "EXAMPLES"
+--- 339,349 ----
+ daemon already running (or it needs to have configured something like inetd
+ to spawn an rsync daemon for incoming connections on a particular port).
+ For full information on how to start a daemon that will handling incoming
+! socket connections, see the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) man page \-\- that is the config
+ file for the daemon, and it contains the full details for how to run the
+! daemon (including stand\-alone and inetd configurations).
+ .PP
+! If you\(cq\&re using one of the remote\-shell transports for the transfer, there is
+ no need to manually start an rsync daemon.
+ .PP
+ .SH "EXAMPLES"
+***************
+*** 351,357 ****
+ .PP
+ Here are some examples of how I use rsync.
+ .PP
+! To backup my wife's home directory, which consists of large MS Word
+ files and mail folders, I use a cron job that runs
+ .PP
+ .RS
+--- 351,357 ----
+ .PP
+ Here are some examples of how I use rsync.
+ .PP
+! To backup my wife\(cq\&s home directory, which consists of large MS Word
+ files and mail folders, I use a cron job that runs
+ .PP
+ .RS
+***************
+*** 360,366 ****
+
+ .PP
+ each night over a PPP connection to a duplicate directory on my machine
+! \(lqarvidsjaur\(rq.
+ .PP
+ To synchronize my samba source trees I use the following Makefile
+ targets:
+--- 360,366 ----
+
+ .PP
+ each night over a PPP connection to a duplicate directory on my machine
+! \(dq\&arvidsjaur\(dq\&.
+ .PP
+ To synchronize my samba source trees I use the following Makefile
+ targets:
+***************
+*** 367,373 ****
+ .PP
+ .nf
+ get:
+! rsync \-avuzb \-\-exclude '*~' samba:samba/ .
+ put:
+ rsync \-Cavuzb . samba:samba/
+ sync: get put
+--- 367,373 ----
+ .PP
+ .nf
+ get:
+! rsync \-avuzb \-\-exclude '\&*~'\& samba:samba/ .
+ put:
+ rsync \-Cavuzb . samba:samba/
+ sync: get put
+***************
+*** 376,387 ****
+ .PP
+ this allows me to sync with a CVS directory at the other end of the
+ connection. I then do CVS operations on the remote machine, which saves a
+! lot of time as the remote CVS protocol isn't very efficient.
+ .PP
+! I mirror a directory between my \(lqold\(rq and \(lqnew\(rq ftp sites with the
+ command:
+ .PP
+! \f(CWrsync \-az \-e ssh \-\-delete ~ftp/pub/samba nimbus:"~ftp/pub/tridge"\fP
+ .PP
+ This is launched from cron every few hours.
+ .PP
+--- 376,387 ----
+ .PP
+ this allows me to sync with a CVS directory at the other end of the
+ connection. I then do CVS operations on the remote machine, which saves a
+! lot of time as the remote CVS protocol isn\(cq\&t very efficient.
+ .PP
+! I mirror a directory between my \(dq\&old\(dq\& and \(dq\&new\(dq\& ftp sites with the
+ command:
+ .PP
+! \f(CWrsync \-az \-e ssh \-\-delete ~ftp/pub/samba nimbus:\(dq\&~ftp/pub/tridge\(dq\&\fP
+ .PP
+ This is launched from cron every few hours.
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 393,417 ****
+ .nf
+
+ \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
+! \-q, \-\-quiet suppress non-error messages
+! \-\-no\-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see caveat)
+! \-c, \-\-checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
+ \-a, \-\-archive archive mode; equals \-rlptgoD (no \-H,\-A,\-X)
+ \-\-no\-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. \-\-no\-D)
+ \-r, \-\-recursive recurse into directories
+ \-R, \-\-relative use relative path names
+! \-\-no\-implied\-dirs don't send implied dirs with \-\-relative
+ \-b, \-\-backup make backups (see \-\-suffix & \-\-backup\-dir)
+ \-\-backup\-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
+ \-\-suffix=SUFFIX backup suffix (default ~ w/o \-\-backup\-dir)
+ \-u, \-\-update skip files that are newer on the receiver
+! \-\-inplace update destination files in-place
+ \-\-append append data onto shorter files
+ \-\-append\-verify \-\-append w/old data in file checksum
+ \-d, \-\-dirs transfer directories without recursing
+ \-l, \-\-links copy symlinks as symlinks
+ \-L, \-\-copy\-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
+! \-\-copy\-unsafe\-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
+ \-\-safe\-links ignore symlinks that point outside the tree
+ \-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks transform symlink to dir into referent dir
+ \-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
+--- 393,417 ----
+ .nf
+
+ \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
+! \-q, \-\-quiet suppress non\-error messages
+! \-\-no\-motd suppress daemon\-mode MOTD (see caveat)
+! \-c, \-\-checksum skip based on checksum, not mod\-time & size
+ \-a, \-\-archive archive mode; equals \-rlptgoD (no \-H,\-A,\-X)
+ \-\-no\-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. \-\-no\-D)
+ \-r, \-\-recursive recurse into directories
+ \-R, \-\-relative use relative path names
+! \-\-no\-implied\-dirs don'\&t send implied dirs with \-\-relative
+ \-b, \-\-backup make backups (see \-\-suffix & \-\-backup\-dir)
+ \-\-backup\-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
+ \-\-suffix=SUFFIX backup suffix (default ~ w/o \-\-backup\-dir)
+ \-u, \-\-update skip files that are newer on the receiver
+! \-\-inplace update destination files in\-place
+ \-\-append append data onto shorter files
+ \-\-append\-verify \-\-append w/old data in file checksum
+ \-d, \-\-dirs transfer directories without recursing
+ \-l, \-\-links copy symlinks as symlinks
+ \-L, \-\-copy\-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
+! \-\-copy\-unsafe\-links only \(dq\&unsafe\(dq\& symlinks are transformed
+ \-\-safe\-links ignore symlinks that point outside the tree
+ \-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks transform symlink to dir into referent dir
+ \-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
+***************
+*** 421,445 ****
+ \-\-chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
+ \-A, \-\-acls preserve ACLs (implies \-p)
+ \-X, \-\-xattrs preserve extended attributes
+! \-o, \-\-owner preserve owner (super-user only)
+ \-g, \-\-group preserve group
+! \-\-devices preserve device files (super-user only)
+ \-\-specials preserve special files
+ \-D same as \-\-devices \-\-specials
+ \-t, \-\-times preserve modification times
+ \-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times omit directories from \-\-times
+! \-\-super receiver attempts super-user activities
+ \-\-fake\-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
+ \-S, \-\-sparse handle sparse files efficiently
+ \-n, \-\-dry\-run perform a trial run with no changes made
+! \-W, \-\-whole\-file copy files whole (w/o delta-xfer algorithm)
+! \-x, \-\-one\-file\-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
+! \-B, \-\-block\-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
+ \-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
+ \-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on remote machine
+ \-\-existing skip creating new files on receiver
+ \-\-ignore\-existing skip updating files that exist on receiver
+! \-\-remove\-source\-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dir)
+ \-\-del an alias for \-\-delete\-during
+ \-\-delete delete extraneous files from dest dirs
+ \-\-delete\-before receiver deletes before transfer (default)
+--- 421,445 ----
+ \-\-chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
+ \-A, \-\-acls preserve ACLs (implies \-p)
+ \-X, \-\-xattrs preserve extended attributes
+! \-o, \-\-owner preserve owner (super\-user only)
+ \-g, \-\-group preserve group
+! \-\-devices preserve device files (super\-user only)
+ \-\-specials preserve special files
+ \-D same as \-\-devices \-\-specials
+ \-t, \-\-times preserve modification times
+ \-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times omit directories from \-\-times
+! \-\-super receiver attempts super\-user activities
+ \-\-fake\-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
+ \-S, \-\-sparse handle sparse files efficiently
+ \-n, \-\-dry\-run perform a trial run with no changes made
+! \-W, \-\-whole\-file copy files whole (w/o delta\-xfer algorithm)
+! \-x, \-\-one\-file\-system don'\&t cross filesystem boundaries
+! \-B, \-\-block\-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block\-size
+ \-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
+ \-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on remote machine
+ \-\-existing skip creating new files on receiver
+ \-\-ignore\-existing skip updating files that exist on receiver
+! \-\-remove\-source\-files sender removes synchronized files (non\-dir)
+ \-\-del an alias for \-\-delete\-during
+ \-\-delete delete extraneous files from dest dirs
+ \-\-delete\-before receiver deletes before transfer (default)
+***************
+*** 449,467 ****
+ \-\-delete\-excluded also delete excluded files from dest dirs
+ \-\-ignore\-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
+ \-\-force force deletion of dirs even if not empty
+! \-\-max\-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
+! \-\-max\-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
+! \-\-min\-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
+ \-\-partial keep partially transferred files
+ \-\-partial\-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
+ \-\-delay\-updates put all updated files into place at end
+! \-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs prune empty directory chains from file-list
+! \-\-numeric\-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
+ \-\-timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
+ \-\-contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
+! \-I, \-\-ignore\-times don't skip files that match size and time
+ \-\-size\-only skip files that match in size
+! \-\-modify\-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
+ \-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
+ \-y, \-\-fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
+ \-\-compare\-dest=DIR also compare received files relative to DIR
+--- 449,467 ----
+ \-\-delete\-excluded also delete excluded files from dest dirs
+ \-\-ignore\-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
+ \-\-force force deletion of dirs even if not empty
+! \-\-max\-delete=NUM don'\&t delete more than NUM files
+! \-\-max\-size=SIZE don'\&t transfer any file larger than SIZE
+! \-\-min\-size=SIZE don'\&t transfer any file smaller than SIZE
+ \-\-partial keep partially transferred files
+ \-\-partial\-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
+ \-\-delay\-updates put all updated files into place at end
+! \-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs prune empty directory chains from file\-list
+! \-\-numeric\-ids don'\&t map uid/gid values by user/group name
+ \-\-timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
+ \-\-contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
+! \-I, \-\-ignore\-times don'\&t skip files that match size and time
+ \-\-size\-only skip files that match in size
+! \-\-modify\-window=NUM compare mod\-times with reduced accuracy
+ \-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
+ \-y, \-\-fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
+ \-\-compare\-dest=DIR also compare received files relative to DIR
+***************
+*** 470,500 ****
+ \-z, \-\-compress compress file data during the transfer
+ \-\-compress\-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
+ \-\-skip\-compress=LIST skip compressing files with suffix in LIST
+! \-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude auto-ignore files in the same way CVS does
+! \-f, \-\-filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
+! \-F same as \-\-filter='dir-merge /.rsync\-filter'
+! repeated: \-\-filter='\- .rsync\-filter'
+ \-\-exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
+ \-\-exclude\-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
+! \-\-include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
+ \-\-include\-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
+! \-\-files\-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
+ \-0, \-\-from0 all *from/filter files are delimited by 0s
+! \-s, \-\-protect\-args no space-splitting; wildcard chars only
+ \-\-address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
+! \-\-port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
+ \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
+ \-\-blocking\-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
+! \-\-stats give some file-transfer stats
+! \-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
+! \-h, \-\-human\-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
+ \-\-progress show progress during transfer
+ \-P same as \-\-partial \-\-progress
+! \-i, \-\-itemize\-changes output a change-summary for all updates
+ \-\-out\-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
+! \-\-log\-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
+ \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
+! \-\-password\-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
+ \-\-list\-only list the files instead of copying them
+ \-\-bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
+ \-\-write\-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
+--- 470,500 ----
+ \-z, \-\-compress compress file data during the transfer
+ \-\-compress\-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
+ \-\-skip\-compress=LIST skip compressing files with suffix in LIST
+! \-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude auto\-ignore files in the same way CVS does
+! \-f, \-\-filter=RULE add a file\-filtering RULE
+! \-F same as \-\-filter='\&dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\&
+! repeated: \-\-filter='\&\- .rsync\-filter'\&
+ \-\-exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
+ \-\-exclude\-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
+! \-\-include=PATTERN don'\&t exclude files matching PATTERN
+ \-\-include\-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
+! \-\-files\-from=FILE read list of source\-file names from FILE
+ \-0, \-\-from0 all *from/filter files are delimited by 0s
+! \-s, \-\-protect\-args no space\-splitting; wildcard chars only
+ \-\-address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
+! \-\-port=PORT specify double\-colon alternate port number
+ \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
+ \-\-blocking\-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
+! \-\-stats give some file\-transfer stats
+! \-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output leave high\-bit chars unescaped in output
+! \-h, \-\-human\-readable output numbers in a human\-readable format
+ \-\-progress show progress during transfer
+ \-P same as \-\-partial \-\-progress
+! \-i, \-\-itemize\-changes output a change\-summary for all updates
+ \-\-out\-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
+! \-\-log\-file=FILE log what we'\&re doing to the specified FILE
+ \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
+! \-\-password\-file=FILE read daemon\-access password from FILE
+ \-\-list\-only list the files instead of copying them
+ \-\-bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
+ \-\-write\-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
+***************
+*** 520,527 ****
+ \-\-config=FILE specify alternate rsyncd.conf file
+ \-\-no\-detach do not detach from the parent
+ \-\-port=PORT listen on alternate port number
+! \-\-log\-file=FILE override the "log file" setting
+! \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT override the "log format" setting
+ \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
+ \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
+ \-4, \-\-ipv4 prefer IPv4
+--- 520,527 ----
+ \-\-config=FILE specify alternate rsyncd.conf file
+ \-\-no\-detach do not detach from the parent
+ \-\-port=PORT listen on alternate port number
+! \-\-log\-file=FILE override the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting
+! \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT override the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting
+ \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
+ \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
+ \-4, \-\-ipv4 prefer IPv4
+***************
+*** 536,547 ****
+ rsync uses the GNU long options package. Many of the command line
+ options have two variants, one short and one long. These are shown
+ below, separated by commas. Some options only have a long variant.
+! The \(oq=\(cq for options that take a parameter is optional; whitespace
+ can be used instead.
+ .PP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-help\fP"
+ Print a short help page describing the options
+! available in rsync and exit. For backward-compatibility with older
+ versions of rsync, the help will also be output if you use the \fB\-h\fP
+ option without any other args.
+ .IP
+--- 536,547 ----
+ rsync uses the GNU long options package. Many of the command line
+ options have two variants, one short and one long. These are shown
+ below, separated by commas. Some options only have a long variant.
+! The \(cq\&=\(cq\& for options that take a parameter is optional; whitespace
+ can be used instead.
+ .PP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-help\fP"
+ Print a short help page describing the options
+! available in rsync and exit. For backward\-compatibility with older
+ versions of rsync, the help will also be output if you use the \fB\-h\fP
+ option without any other args.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 558,568 ****
+ you are debugging rsync.
+ .IP
+ Note that the names of the transferred files that are output are done using
+! a default \fB\-\-out\-format\fP of \(lq%n%L\(rq, which tells you just the name of the
+ file and, if the item is a link, where it points. At the single \fB\-v\fP
+ level of verbosity, this does not mention when a file gets its attributes
+ changed. If you ask for an itemized list of changed attributes (either
+! \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP or adding \(lq%i\(rq to the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP setting), the
+ output (on the client) increases to mention all items that are changed in
+ any way. See the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option for more details.
+ .IP
+--- 558,568 ----
+ you are debugging rsync.
+ .IP
+ Note that the names of the transferred files that are output are done using
+! a default \fB\-\-out\-format\fP of \(dq\&%n%L\(dq\&, which tells you just the name of the
+ file and, if the item is a link, where it points. At the single \fB\-v\fP
+ level of verbosity, this does not mention when a file gets its attributes
+ changed. If you ask for an itemized list of changed attributes (either
+! \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP or adding \(dq\&%i\(dq\& to the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP setting), the
+ output (on the client) increases to mention all items that are changed in
+ any way. See the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option for more details.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 575,582 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-\-no\-motd\fP"
+ This option affects the information that is output
+ by the client at the start of a daemon transfer. This suppresses the
+! message-of-the-day (MOTD) text, but it also affects the list of modules
+! that the daemon sends in response to the \(lqrsync host::\(rq request (due to
+ a limitation in the rsync protocol), so omit this option if you want to
+ request the list of modules from the daemon.
+ .IP
+--- 575,582 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-\-no\-motd\fP"
+ This option affects the information that is output
+ by the client at the start of a daemon transfer. This suppresses the
+! message\-of\-the\-day (MOTD) text, but it also affects the list of modules
+! that the daemon sends in response to the \(dq\&rsync host::\(dq\& request (due to
+ a limitation in the rsync protocol), so omit this option if you want to
+ request the list of modules from the daemon.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 583,595 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-I, \-\-ignore\-times\fP"
+ Normally rsync will skip any files that are
+ already the same size and have the same modification timestamp.
+! This option turns off this \(lqquick check\(rq behavior, causing all files to
+ be updated.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-size\-only\fP"
+! This modifies rsync's \(lqquick check\(rq algorithm for
+ finding files that need to be transferred, changing it from the default of
+! transferring files with either a changed size or a changed last-modified
+ time to just looking for files that have changed in size. This is useful
+ when starting to use rsync after using another mirroring system which may
+ not preserve timestamps exactly.
+--- 583,595 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-I, \-\-ignore\-times\fP"
+ Normally rsync will skip any files that are
+ already the same size and have the same modification timestamp.
+! This option turns off this \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& behavior, causing all files to
+ be updated.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-size\-only\fP"
+! This modifies rsync\(cq\&s \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& algorithm for
+ finding files that need to be transferred, changing it from the default of
+! transferring files with either a changed size or a changed last\-modified
+ time to just looking for files that have changed in size. This is useful
+ when starting to use rsync after using another mirroring system which may
+ not preserve timestamps exactly.
+***************
+*** 596,630 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-modify\-window\fP"
+ When comparing two timestamps, rsync treats the
+! timestamps as being equal if they differ by no more than the modify-window
+ value. This is normally 0 (for an exact match), but you may find it useful
+ to set this to a larger value in some situations. In particular, when
+ transferring to or from an MS Windows FAT filesystem (which represents
+! times with a 2-second resolution), \fB\-\-modify\-window=1\fP is useful
+ (allowing times to differ by up to 1 second).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-c, \-\-checksum\fP"
+ This changes the way rsync checks if the files have
+ been changed and are in need of a transfer. Without this option, rsync
+! uses a \(lqquick check\(rq that (by default) checks if each file's size and time
+ of last modification match between the sender and receiver. This option
+! changes this to compare a 128-bit checksum for each file that has a
+ matching size. Generating the checksums means that both sides will expend
+ a lot of disk I/O reading all the data in the files in the transfer (and
+ this is prior to any reading that will be done to transfer changed files),
+ so this can slow things down significantly.
+ .IP
+! The sending side generates its checksums while it is doing the file-system
+ scan that builds the list of the available files. The receiver generates
+ its checksums when it is scanning for changed files, and will checksum any
+! file that has the same size as the corresponding sender's file: files with
+ either a changed size or a changed checksum are selected for transfer.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync always verifies that each \fItransferred\fP file was
+! correctly reconstructed on the receiving side by checking a whole-file
+ checksum that is generated as the file is transferred, but that
+! automatic after-the-transfer verification has nothing to do with this
+! option's before-the-transfer \(lqDoes this file need to be updated?\(rq check.
+ .IP
+ For protocol 30 and beyond (first supported in 3.0.0), the checksum used is
+ MD5. For older protocols, the checksum used is MD4.
+--- 596,630 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-modify\-window\fP"
+ When comparing two timestamps, rsync treats the
+! timestamps as being equal if they differ by no more than the modify\-window
+ value. This is normally 0 (for an exact match), but you may find it useful
+ to set this to a larger value in some situations. In particular, when
+ transferring to or from an MS Windows FAT filesystem (which represents
+! times with a 2\-second resolution), \fB\-\-modify\-window=1\fP is useful
+ (allowing times to differ by up to 1 second).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-c, \-\-checksum\fP"
+ This changes the way rsync checks if the files have
+ been changed and are in need of a transfer. Without this option, rsync
+! uses a \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& that (by default) checks if each file\(cq\&s size and time
+ of last modification match between the sender and receiver. This option
+! changes this to compare a 128\-bit checksum for each file that has a
+ matching size. Generating the checksums means that both sides will expend
+ a lot of disk I/O reading all the data in the files in the transfer (and
+ this is prior to any reading that will be done to transfer changed files),
+ so this can slow things down significantly.
+ .IP
+! The sending side generates its checksums while it is doing the file\-system
+ scan that builds the list of the available files. The receiver generates
+ its checksums when it is scanning for changed files, and will checksum any
+! file that has the same size as the corresponding sender\(cq\&s file: files with
+ either a changed size or a changed checksum are selected for transfer.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync always verifies that each \fItransferred\fP file was
+! correctly reconstructed on the receiving side by checking a whole\-file
+ checksum that is generated as the file is transferred, but that
+! automatic after\-the\-transfer verification has nothing to do with this
+! option\(cq\&s before\-the\-transfer \(dq\&Does this file need to be updated?\(dq\& check.
+ .IP
+ For protocol 30 and beyond (first supported in 3.0.0), the checksum used is
+ MD5. For older protocols, the checksum used is MD4.
+***************
+*** 637,661 ****
+ specified, in which case \fB\-r\fP is not implied.
+ .IP
+ Note that \fB\-a\fP \fBdoes not preserve hardlinks\fP, because
+! finding multiply-linked files is expensive. You must separately
+ specify \fB\-H\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\-\-no\-OPTION"
+ You may turn off one or more implied options by prefixing
+! the option name with \(lqno\-\(rq. Not all options may be prefixed with a \(lqno\-\(rq:
+ only options that are implied by other options (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-D\fP,
+ \fB\-\-no\-perms\fP) or have different defaults in various circumstances
+ (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-whole\-file\fP, \fB\-\-no\-blocking\-io\fP, \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP). You may
+! specify either the short or the long option name after the \(lqno\-\(rq prefix
+ (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-R\fP is the same as \fB\-\-no\-relative\fP).
+ .IP
+! For example: if you want to use \fB\-a\fP (\fB\-\-archive\fP) but don't want
+ \fB\-o\fP (\fB\-\-owner\fP), instead of converting \fB\-a\fP into \fB\-rlptgD\fP, you
+ could specify \fB\-a \-\-no\-o\fP (or \fB\-a \-\-no\-owner\fP).
+ .IP
+ The order of the options is important: if you specify \fB\-\-no\-r \-a\fP, the
+ \fB\-r\fP option would end up being turned on, the opposite of \fB\-a \-\-no\-r\fP.
+! Note also that the side-effects of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option are NOT
+ positional, as it affects the default state of several options and slightly
+ changes the meaning of \fB\-a\fP (see the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option for more
+ details).
+--- 637,661 ----
+ specified, in which case \fB\-r\fP is not implied.
+ .IP
+ Note that \fB\-a\fP \fBdoes not preserve hardlinks\fP, because
+! finding multiply\-linked files is expensive. You must separately
+ specify \fB\-H\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\-\-no\-OPTION"
+ You may turn off one or more implied options by prefixing
+! the option name with \(dq\&no\-\(dq\&. Not all options may be prefixed with a \(dq\&no\-\(dq\&:
+ only options that are implied by other options (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-D\fP,
+ \fB\-\-no\-perms\fP) or have different defaults in various circumstances
+ (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-whole\-file\fP, \fB\-\-no\-blocking\-io\fP, \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP). You may
+! specify either the short or the long option name after the \(dq\&no\-\(dq\& prefix
+ (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-R\fP is the same as \fB\-\-no\-relative\fP).
+ .IP
+! For example: if you want to use \fB\-a\fP (\fB\-\-archive\fP) but don\(cq\&t want
+ \fB\-o\fP (\fB\-\-owner\fP), instead of converting \fB\-a\fP into \fB\-rlptgD\fP, you
+ could specify \fB\-a \-\-no\-o\fP (or \fB\-a \-\-no\-owner\fP).
+ .IP
+ The order of the options is important: if you specify \fB\-\-no\-r \-a\fP, the
+ \fB\-r\fP option would end up being turned on, the opposite of \fB\-a \-\-no\-r\fP.
+! Note also that the side\-effects of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option are NOT
+ positional, as it affects the default state of several options and slightly
+ changes the meaning of \fB\-a\fP (see the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option for more
+ details).
+***************
+*** 668,674 ****
+ incremental scan that uses much less memory than before and begins the
+ transfer after the scanning of the first few directories have been
+ completed. This incremental scan only affects our recursion algorithm, and
+! does not change a non-recursive transfer. It is also only possible when
+ both ends of the transfer are at least version 3.0.0.
+ .IP
+ Some options require rsync to know the full file list, so these options
+--- 668,674 ----
+ incremental scan that uses much less memory than before and begins the
+ transfer after the scanning of the first few directories have been
+ completed. This incremental scan only affects our recursion algorithm, and
+! does not change a non\-recursive transfer. It is also only possible when
+ both ends of the transfer are at least version 3.0.0.
+ .IP
+ Some options require rsync to know the full file list, so these options
+***************
+*** 705,720 ****
+ .IP
+ then a file named /tmp/foo/bar/baz.c would be created on the remote
+ machine, preserving its full path. These extra path elements are called
+! \(lqimplied directories\(rq (i.e. the \(lqfoo\(rq and the \(lqfoo/bar\(rq directories in the
+ above example).
+ .IP
+ Beginning with rsync 3.0.0, rsync always sends these implied directories as
+ real directories in the file list, even if a path element is really a
+ symlink on the sending side. This prevents some really unexpected
+! behaviors when copying the full path of a file that you didn't realize had
+! a symlink in its path. If you want to duplicate a server-side symlink,
+ include both the symlink via its path, and referent directory via its real
+! path. If you're dealing with an older rsync on the sending side, you may
+ need to use the \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP option.
+ .IP
+ It is also possible to limit the amount of path information that is sent as
+--- 705,720 ----
+ .IP
+ then a file named /tmp/foo/bar/baz.c would be created on the remote
+ machine, preserving its full path. These extra path elements are called
+! \(dq\&implied directories\(dq\& (i.e. the \(dq\&foo\(dq\& and the \(dq\&foo/bar\(dq\& directories in the
+ above example).
+ .IP
+ Beginning with rsync 3.0.0, rsync always sends these implied directories as
+ real directories in the file list, even if a path element is really a
+ symlink on the sending side. This prevents some really unexpected
+! behaviors when copying the full path of a file that you didn\(cq\&t realize had
+! a symlink in its path. If you want to duplicate a server\-side symlink,
+ include both the symlink via its path, and referent directory via its real
+! path. If you\(cq\&re dealing with an older rsync on the sending side, you may
+ need to use the \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP option.
+ .IP
+ It is also possible to limit the amount of path information that is sent as
+***************
+*** 728,735 ****
+
+ .IP
+ That would create /tmp/bar/baz.c on the remote machine. (Note that the
+! dot must be followed by a slash, so \(lq/foo/.\(rq would not be abbreviated.)
+! (2) For older rsync versions, you would need to use a chdir to limit the
+ source path. For example, when pushing files:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+--- 728,735 ----
+
+ .IP
+ That would create /tmp/bar/baz.c on the remote machine. (Note that the
+! dot must be followed by a slash, so \(dq\&/foo/.\(dq\& would not be abbreviated.)
+! For older rsync versions, you would need to use a chdir to limit the
+ source path. For example, when pushing files:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+***************
+*** 737,749 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! (Note that the parens put the two commands into a sub-shell, so that the
+! \(lqcd\(rq command doesn't remain in effect for future commands.)
+! If you're pulling files from an older rsync, use this idiom (but only
+! for a non-daemon transfer):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path="cd /foo; rsync" \e \fP
+ .br
+ \f(CW remote:bar/baz.c /tmp/\fP
+ .RE
+--- 737,749 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! (Note that the parens put the two commands into a sub\-shell, so that the
+! \(dq\&cd\(dq\& command doesn\(cq\&t remain in effect for future commands.)
+! If you\(cq\&re pulling files from an older rsync, use this idiom (but only
+! for a non\-daemon transfer):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&cd /foo; rsync\(dq\& \e \fP
+ .br
+ \f(CW remote:bar/baz.c /tmp/\fP
+ .RE
+***************
+*** 759,772 ****
+ elements to have big differences, such as being a symlink to a directory on
+ the receiving side.
+ .IP
+! For instance, if a command-line arg or a files-from entry told rsync to
+! transfer the file \(lqpath/foo/file\(rq, the directories \(lqpath\(rq and \(lqpath/foo\(rq
+! are implied when \fB\-\-relative\fP is used. If \(lqpath/foo\(rq is a symlink to
+! \(lqbar\(rq on the destination system, the receiving rsync would ordinarily
+! delete \(lqpath/foo\(rq, recreate it as a directory, and receive the file into
+ the new directory. With \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP, the receiving rsync updates
+! \(lqpath/foo/file\(rq using the existing path elements, which means that the file
+! ends up being created in \(lqpath/bar\(rq. Another way to accomplish this link
+ preservation is to use the \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP option (which will also
+ affect symlinks to directories in the rest of the transfer).
+ .IP
+--- 759,772 ----
+ elements to have big differences, such as being a symlink to a directory on
+ the receiving side.
+ .IP
+! For instance, if a command\-line arg or a files\-from entry told rsync to
+! transfer the file \(dq\&path/foo/file\(dq\&, the directories \(dq\&path\(dq\& and \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\&
+! are implied when \fB\-\-relative\fP is used. If \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\& is a symlink to
+! \(dq\&bar\(dq\& on the destination system, the receiving rsync would ordinarily
+! delete \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\&, recreate it as a directory, and receive the file into
+ the new directory. With \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP, the receiving rsync updates
+! \(dq\&path/foo/file\(dq\& using the existing path elements, which means that the file
+! ends up being created in \(dq\&path/bar\(dq\&. Another way to accomplish this link
+ preservation is to use the \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP option (which will also
+ affect symlinks to directories in the rest of the transfer).
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 780,794 ****
+ backup file goes and what (if any) suffix gets appended using the
+ \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-suffix\fP options.
+ .IP
+! Note that if you don't specify \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, (1) the
+ \fB\-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP option will be implied, and (2) if \fB\-\-delete\fP is
+! also in effect (without \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP), rsync will add a \(lqprotect\(rq
+! filter-rule for the backup suffix to the end of all your existing excludes
+! (e.g. \fB\-f "P *~"\fP). This will prevent previously backed-up files from being
+ deleted. Note that if you are supplying your own filter rules, you may
+ need to manually insert your own exclude/protect rule somewhere higher up
+ in the list so that it has a high enough priority to be effective (e.g., if
+! your rules specify a trailing inclusion/exclusion of \(oq*\(cq, the auto-added
+ rule would never be reached).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-backup\-dir=DIR\fP"
+--- 780,794 ----
+ backup file goes and what (if any) suffix gets appended using the
+ \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-suffix\fP options.
+ .IP
+! Note that if you don\(cq\&t specify \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, (1) the
+ \fB\-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP option will be implied, and (2) if \fB\-\-delete\fP is
+! also in effect (without \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP), rsync will add a \(dq\&protect\(dq\&
+! filter\-rule for the backup suffix to the end of all your existing excludes
+! (e.g. \fB\-f \(dq\&P *~\(dq\&\fP). This will prevent previously backed\-up files from being
+ deleted. Note that if you are supplying your own filter rules, you may
+ need to manually insert your own exclude/protect rule somewhere higher up
+ in the list so that it has a high enough priority to be effective (e.g., if
+! your rules specify a trailing inclusion/exclusion of \(cq\&*\(cq\&, the auto\-added
+ rule would never be reached).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-backup\-dir=DIR\fP"
+***************
+*** 799,814 ****
+ (otherwise the files backed up in the specified directory
+ will keep their original filenames).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-suffix=SUFFIX\fP"
+ This option allows you to override the default
+ backup suffix used with the \fB\-\-backup\fP (\fB\-b\fP) option. The default suffix is a ~
+! if no \-\fB\-backup-dir\fP was specified, otherwise it is an empty string.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-u, \-\-update\fP"
+ This forces rsync to skip any files which exist on
+ the destination and have a modified time that is newer than the source
+ file. (If an existing destination file has a modification time equal to the
+! source file's, it will be updated if the sizes are different.)
+ .IP
+ Note that this does not affect the copying of symlinks or other special
+ files. Also, a difference of file format between the sender and receiver
+--- 799,820 ----
+ (otherwise the files backed up in the specified directory
+ will keep their original filenames).
+ .IP
++ Note that if you specify a relative path, the backup directory will be
++ relative to the destination directory, so you probably want to specify
++ either an absolute path or a path that starts with \(dq\&../\(dq\&. If an rsync
++ daemon is the receiver, the backup dir cannot go outside the module\(cq\&s path
++ hierarchy, so take extra care not to delete it or copy into it.
++ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-suffix=SUFFIX\fP"
+ This option allows you to override the default
+ backup suffix used with the \fB\-\-backup\fP (\fB\-b\fP) option. The default suffix is a ~
+! if no \-\fB\-backup\-dir\fP was specified, otherwise it is an empty string.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-u, \-\-update\fP"
+ This forces rsync to skip any files which exist on
+ the destination and have a modified time that is newer than the source
+ file. (If an existing destination file has a modification time equal to the
+! source file\(cq\&s, it will be updated if the sizes are different.)
+ .IP
+ Note that this does not affect the copying of symlinks or other special
+ files. Also, a difference of file format between the sender and receiver
+***************
+*** 817,850 ****
+ where the destination has a file, the transfer would occur regardless of
+ the timestamps.
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
+! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-inplace\fP"
+! This option changes how rsync transfers a file when the
+! file's data needs to be updated: instead of the default method of creating
+ a new copy of the file and moving it into place when it is complete, rsync
+ instead writes the updated data directly to the destination file.
+ .IP
+! This has several effects: (1) in-use binaries cannot be updated (either the
+! OS will prevent this from happening, or binaries that attempt to swap-in
+! their data will misbehave or crash), (2) the file's data will be in an
+! inconsistent state during the transfer, (3) a file's data may be left in an
+! inconsistent state after the transfer if the transfer is interrupted or if
+! an update fails, (4) a file that does not have write permissions can not be
+! updated, and (5) the efficiency of rsync's delta-transfer algorithm may be
+! reduced if some data in the destination file is overwritten before it can
+! be copied to a position later in the file (one exception to this is if you
+! combine this option with \fB\-\-backup\fP, since rsync is smart enough to use
+! the backup file as the basis file for the transfer).
+ .IP
+ WARNING: you should not use this option to update files that are being
+ accessed by others, so be careful when choosing to use this for a copy.
+ .IP
+! This option is useful for transfer of large files with block-based changes
+ or appended data, and also on systems that are disk bound, not network
+! bound.
+ .IP
+ The option implies \fB\-\-partial\fP (since an interrupted transfer does not delete
+ the file), but conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP.
+--- 823,874 ----
+ where the destination has a file, the transfer would occur regardless of
+ the timestamps.
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-inplace\fP"
+! This option changes how rsync transfers a file when
+! its data needs to be updated: instead of the default method of creating
+ a new copy of the file and moving it into place when it is complete, rsync
+ instead writes the updated data directly to the destination file.
+ .IP
+! This has several effects:
+ .IP
++ .RS
++ .IP o
++ Hard links are not broken. This means the new data will be visible
++ through other hard links to the destination file. Moreover, attempts to
++ copy differing source files onto a multiply\-linked destination file will
++ result in a \(dq\&tug of war\(dq\& with the destination data changing back and forth.
++ .IP o
++ In\-use binaries cannot be updated (either the OS will prevent this from
++ happening, or binaries that attempt to swap\-in their data will misbehave or
++ crash).
++ .IP o
++ The file\(cq\&s data will be in an inconsistent state during the transfer
++ and will be left that way if the transfer is interrupted or if an update
++ fails.
++ .IP o
++ A file that rsync cannot write to cannot be updated. While a super user
++ can update any file, a normal user needs to be granted write permission for
++ the open of the file for writing to be successful.
++ .IP o
++ The efficiency of rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm may be reduced if
++ some data in the destination file is overwritten before it can be copied to
++ a position later in the file. This does not apply if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP,
++ since rsync is smart enough to use the backup file as the basis file for the
++ transfer.
++ .RE
++
++ .IP
+ WARNING: you should not use this option to update files that are being
+ accessed by others, so be careful when choosing to use this for a copy.
+ .IP
+! This option is useful for transferring large files with block\-based changes
+ or appended data, and also on systems that are disk bound, not network
+! bound. It can also help keep a copy\-on\-write filesystem snapshot from
+! diverging the entire contents of a file that only has minor changes.
+ .IP
+ The option implies \fB\-\-partial\fP (since an interrupted transfer does not delete
+ the file), but conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP.
+***************
+*** 857,874 ****
+ the receiving side is identical with the start of the file on the sending
+ side. If a file needs to be transferred and its size on the receiver is
+ the same or longer than the size on the sender, the file is skipped. This
+! does not interfere with the updating of a file's non-content attributes
+ (e.g. permissions, ownership, etc.) when the file does not need to be
+! transferred, nor does it affect the updating of any non-regular files.
+ Implies \fB\-\-inplace\fP,
+ but does not conflict with \fB\-\-sparse\fP (since it is always extending a
+! file's length).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-append\-verify\fP"
+ This works just like the \fB\-\-append\fP option, but
+! the existing data on the receiving side is included in the full-file
+ checksum verification step, which will cause a file to be resent if the
+! final verification step fails (rsync uses a normal, non-appending
+ \fB\-\-inplace\fP transfer for the resend).
+ .IP
+ Note: prior to rsync 3.0.0, the \fB\-\-append\fP option worked like
+--- 881,898 ----
+ the receiving side is identical with the start of the file on the sending
+ side. If a file needs to be transferred and its size on the receiver is
+ the same or longer than the size on the sender, the file is skipped. This
+! does not interfere with the updating of a file\(cq\&s non\-content attributes
+ (e.g. permissions, ownership, etc.) when the file does not need to be
+! transferred, nor does it affect the updating of any non\-regular files.
+ Implies \fB\-\-inplace\fP,
+ but does not conflict with \fB\-\-sparse\fP (since it is always extending a
+! file\(cq\&s length).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-append\-verify\fP"
+ This works just like the \fB\-\-append\fP option, but
+! the existing data on the receiving side is included in the full\-file
+ checksum verification step, which will cause a file to be resent if the
+! final verification step fails (rsync uses a normal, non\-appending
+ \fB\-\-inplace\fP transfer for the resend).
+ .IP
+ Note: prior to rsync 3.0.0, the \fB\-\-append\fP option worked like
+***************
+*** 878,886 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-d, \-\-dirs\fP"
+ Tell the sending side to include any directories that
+! are encountered. Unlike \fB\-\-recursive\fP, a directory's contents are not copied
+! unless the directory name specified is \(lq.\(rq or ends with a trailing slash
+! (e.g. \(lq.\(rq, \(lqdir/.\(rq, \(lqdir/\(rq, etc.). Without this option or the
+ \fB\-\-recursive\fP option, rsync will skip all directories it encounters (and
+ output a message to that effect for each one). If you specify both
+ \fB\-\-dirs\fP and \fB\-\-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-recursive\fP takes precedence.
+--- 902,910 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-d, \-\-dirs\fP"
+ Tell the sending side to include any directories that
+! are encountered. Unlike \fB\-\-recursive\fP, a directory\(cq\&s contents are not copied
+! unless the directory name specified is \(dq\&.\(dq\& or ends with a trailing slash
+! (e.g. \(dq\&.\(dq\&, \(dq\&dir/.\(dq\&, \(dq\&dir/\(dq\&, etc.). Without this option or the
+ \fB\-\-recursive\fP option, rsync will skip all directories it encounters (and
+ output a message to that effect for each one). If you specify both
+ \fB\-\-dirs\fP and \fB\-\-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-recursive\fP takes precedence.
+***************
+*** 887,898 ****
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-dirs\fP option is implied by the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option
+ or the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option (including an implied
+! \fB\-\-list\-only\fP usage) if \fB\-\-recursive\fP wasn't specified (so that
+ directories are seen in the listing). Specify \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP (or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP)
+ if you want to turn this off.
+ .IP
+! There is also a backward-compatibility helper option, \fB\-\-old\-dirs\fP (or
+! \fB\-\-old\-d\fP) that tells rsync to use a hack of \(lq\-r \-\-exclude='/*/*'\(rq to get
+ an older rsync to list a single directory without recursing.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-l, \-\-links\fP"
+--- 911,922 ----
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-dirs\fP option is implied by the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option
+ or the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option (including an implied
+! \fB\-\-list\-only\fP usage) if \fB\-\-recursive\fP wasn\(cq\&t specified (so that
+ directories are seen in the listing). Specify \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP (or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP)
+ if you want to turn this off.
+ .IP
+! There is also a backward\-compatibility helper option, \fB\-\-old\-dirs\fP (or
+! \fB\-\-old\-d\fP) that tells rsync to use a hack of \(dq\&\-r \-\-exclude=\(cq\&/*/*\(cq\&\(dq\& to get
+ an older rsync to list a single directory without recursing.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-l, \-\-links\fP"
+***************
+*** 902,913 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-L, \-\-copy\-links\fP"
+ When symlinks are encountered, the item that
+ they point to (the referent) is copied, rather than the symlink. In older
+! versions of rsync, this option also had the side-effect of telling the
+ receiving side to follow symlinks, such as symlinks to directories. In a
+! modern rsync such as this one, you'll need to specify \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP (\fB\-K\fP)
+ to get this extra behavior. The only exception is when sending files to
+! an rsync that is too old to understand \fB\-K\fP \(em in that case, the \fB\-L\fP option
+! will still have the side-effect of \fB\-K\fP on that older receiving rsync.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP"
+ This tells rsync to copy the referent of
+--- 926,937 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-L, \-\-copy\-links\fP"
+ When symlinks are encountered, the item that
+ they point to (the referent) is copied, rather than the symlink. In older
+! versions of rsync, this option also had the side\-effect of telling the
+ receiving side to follow symlinks, such as symlinks to directories. In a
+! modern rsync such as this one, you\(cq\&ll need to specify \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP (\fB\-K\fP)
+ to get this extra behavior. The only exception is when sending files to
+! an rsync that is too old to understand \fB\-K\fP \-\- in that case, the \fB\-L\fP option
+! will still have the side\-effect of \fB\-K\fP on that older receiving rsync.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP"
+ This tells rsync to copy the referent of
+***************
+*** 925,931 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP"
+ This option causes the sending side to treat
+ a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory. This is
+! useful if you don't want symlinks to non-directories to be affected, as
+ they would be using \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP.
+ .IP
+ Without this option, if the sending side has replaced a directory with a
+--- 949,955 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP"
+ This option causes the sending side to treat
+ a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory. This is
+! useful if you don\(cq\&t want symlinks to non\-directories to be affected, as
+ they would be using \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP.
+ .IP
+ Without this option, if the sending side has replaced a directory with a
+***************
+*** 936,953 ****
+ See also \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the receiving
+ side.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP"
+ This option causes the receiving side to treat
+ a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory, but only if it
+ matches a real directory from the sender. Without this option, the
+! receiver's symlink would be deleted and replaced with a real directory.
+ .IP
+! For example, suppose you transfer a directory \(lqfoo\(rq that contains a file
+! \(lqfile\(rq, but \(lqfoo\(rq is a symlink to directory \(lqbar\(rq on the receiver. Without
+! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver deletes symlink \(lqfoo\(rq, recreates it as a
+ directory, and receives the file into the new directory. With
+! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver keeps the symlink and \(lqfile\(rq ends up in
+! \(lqbar\(rq.
+ .IP
+ One note of caution: if you use \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, you must trust all
+ the symlinks in the copy! If it is possible for an untrusted user to
+--- 960,991 ----
+ See also \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the receiving
+ side.
+ .IP
++ \fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP applies to all symlinks to directories in the source. If
++ you want to follow only a few specified symlinks, a trick you can use is to
++ pass them as additional source args with a trailing slash, using \fB\-\-relative\fP
++ to make the paths match up right. For example:
++ .IP
++ .RS
++ \f(CWrsync \-r \-\-relative src/./ src/./follow\-me/ dest/\fP
++ .RE
++
++ .IP
++ This works because rsync calls \fBlstat\fP(2) on the source arg as given, and the
++ trailing slash makes \fBlstat\fP(2) follow the symlink, giving rise to a directory
++ in the file\-list which overrides the symlink found during the scan of \(dq\&src/./\(dq\&.
++ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP"
+ This option causes the receiving side to treat
+ a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory, but only if it
+ matches a real directory from the sender. Without this option, the
+! receiver\(cq\&s symlink would be deleted and replaced with a real directory.
+ .IP
+! For example, suppose you transfer a directory \(dq\&foo\(dq\& that contains a file
+! \(dq\&file\(dq\&, but \(dq\&foo\(dq\& is a symlink to directory \(dq\&bar\(dq\& on the receiver. Without
+! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver deletes symlink \(dq\&foo\(dq\&, recreates it as a
+ directory, and receives the file into the new directory. With
+! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver keeps the symlink and \(dq\&file\(dq\& ends up in
+! \(dq\&bar\(dq\&.
+ .IP
+ One note of caution: if you use \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, you must trust all
+ the symlinks in the copy! If it is possible for an untrusted user to
+***************
+*** 960,980 ****
+ See also \fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the sending side.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-H, \-\-hard\-links\fP"
+! This tells rsync to look for hard-linked files in
+! the transfer and link together the corresponding files on the receiving
+! side. Without this option, hard-linked files in the transfer are treated
+ as though they were separate files.
+ .IP
+! When you are updating a non-empty destination, this option only ensures
+! that files that are hard-linked together on the source are hard-linked
+! together on the destination. It does NOT currently endeavor to break
+! already existing hard links on the destination that do not exist between
+! the source files. Note, however, that if one or more extra-linked files
+! have content changes, they will become unlinked when updated (assuming you
+! are not using the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option).
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync can only detect hard links between files that are inside
+! the transfer set. If rsync updates a file that has extra hard-link
+ connections to files outside the transfer, that linkage will be broken. If
+ you are tempted to use the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option to avoid this breakage, be
+ very careful that you know how your files are being updated so that you are
+--- 998,1029 ----
+ See also \fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the sending side.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-H, \-\-hard\-links\fP"
+! This tells rsync to look for hard\-linked files in
+! the source and link together the corresponding files on the destination.
+! Without this option, hard\-linked files in the source are treated
+ as though they were separate files.
+ .IP
+! This option does NOT necessarily ensure that the pattern of hard links on the
+! destination exactly matches that on the source. Cases in which the
+! destination may end up with extra hard links include the following:
+ .IP
++ .RS
++ .IP o
++ If the destination contains extraneous hard\-links (more linking than
++ what is present in the source file list), the copying algorithm will not
++ break them explicitly. However, if one or more of the paths have content
++ differences, the normal file\-update process will break those extra links
++ (unless you are using the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option).
++ .IP o
++ If you specify a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directory that contains hard links,
++ the linking of the destination files against the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP files can
++ cause some paths in the destination to become linked together due to the
++ \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP associations.
++ .RE
++
++ .IP
+ Note that rsync can only detect hard links between files that are inside
+! the transfer set. If rsync updates a file that has extra hard\-link
+ connections to files outside the transfer, that linkage will be broken. If
+ you are tempted to use the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option to avoid this breakage, be
+ very careful that you know how your files are being updated so that you are
+***************
+*** 982,990 ****
+ see the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option for more caveats).
+ .IP
+ If incremental recursion is active (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP), rsync may transfer
+! a missing hard-linked file before it finds that another link for that contents
+ exists elsewhere in the hierarchy. This does not affect the accuracy of
+! the transfer, just its efficiency. One way to avoid this is to disable
+ incremental recursion using the \fB\-\-no\-inc\-recursive\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-p, \-\-perms\fP"
+--- 1031,1042 ----
+ see the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option for more caveats).
+ .IP
+ If incremental recursion is active (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP), rsync may transfer
+! a missing hard\-linked file before it finds that another link for that contents
+ exists elsewhere in the hierarchy. This does not affect the accuracy of
+! the transfer (i.e. which files are hard\-linked together), just its efficiency
+! (i.e. copying the data for a new, early copy of a hard\-linked file that could
+! have been found later in the transfer in another member of the hard\-linked
+! set of files). One way to avoid this inefficiency is to disable
+ incremental recursion using the \fB\-\-no\-inc\-recursive\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-p, \-\-perms\fP"
+***************
+*** 1001,1010 ****
+ permissions, though the \fB\-\-executability\fP option might change just
+ the execute permission for the file.
+ .IP o
+! New files get their \(lqnormal\(rq permission bits set to the source
+! file's permissions masked with the receiving directory's default
+! permissions (either the receiving process's umask, or the permissions
+! specified via the destination directory's default ACL), and
+ their special permission bits disabled except in the case where a new
+ directory inherits a setgid bit from its parent directory.
+ .RE
+--- 1053,1062 ----
+ permissions, though the \fB\-\-executability\fP option might change just
+ the execute permission for the file.
+ .IP o
+! New files get their \(dq\&normal\(dq\& permission bits set to the source
+! file\(cq\&s permissions masked with the receiving directory\(cq\&s default
+! permissions (either the receiving process\(cq\&s umask, or the permissions
+! specified via the destination directory\(cq\&s default ACL), and
+ their special permission bits disabled except in the case where a new
+ directory inherits a setgid bit from its parent directory.
+ .RE
+***************
+*** 1011,1024 ****
+
+ .IP
+ Thus, when \fB\-\-perms\fP and \fB\-\-executability\fP are both disabled,
+! rsync's behavior is the same as that of other file-copy utilities,
+ such as \fBcp\fP(1) and \fBtar\fP(1).
+ .IP
+ In summary: to give destination files (both old and new) the source
+! permissions, use \fB\-\-perms\fP. To give new files the destination-default
+ permissions (while leaving existing files unchanged), make sure that the
+ \fB\-\-perms\fP option is off and use \fB\-\-chmod=ugo=rwX\fP (which ensures that
+! all non-masked bits get enabled). If you'd care to make this latter
+ behavior easier to type, you could define a popt alias for it, such as
+ putting this line in the file ~/.popt (the following defines the \fB\-Z\fP option,
+ and includes \-\-no\-g to use the default group of the destination dir):
+--- 1063,1076 ----
+
+ .IP
+ Thus, when \fB\-\-perms\fP and \fB\-\-executability\fP are both disabled,
+! rsync\(cq\&s behavior is the same as that of other file\-copy utilities,
+ such as \fBcp\fP(1) and \fBtar\fP(1).
+ .IP
+ In summary: to give destination files (both old and new) the source
+! permissions, use \fB\-\-perms\fP. To give new files the destination\-default
+ permissions (while leaving existing files unchanged), make sure that the
+ \fB\-\-perms\fP option is off and use \fB\-\-chmod=ugo=rwX\fP (which ensures that
+! all non\-masked bits get enabled). If you\(cq\&d care to make this latter
+ behavior easier to type, you could define a popt alias for it, such as
+ putting this line in the file ~/.popt (the following defines the \fB\-Z\fP option,
+ and includes \-\-no\-g to use the default group of the destination dir):
+***************
+*** 1035,1068 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! (Caveat: make sure that \fB\-a\fP does not follow \fB\-Z\fP, or it will re-enable
+! the two \(lq\-\-no\-*\(rq options mentioned above.)
+ .IP
+! The preservation of the destination's setgid bit on newly-created
+ directories when \fB\-\-perms\fP is off was added in rsync 2.6.7. Older rsync
+ versions erroneously preserved the three special permission bits for
+! newly-created files when \fB\-\-perms\fP was off, while overriding the
+! destination's setgid bit setting on a newly-created directory. Default ACL
+ observance was added to the ACL patch for rsync 2.6.7, so older (or
+! non-ACL-enabled) rsyncs use the umask even if default ACLs are present.
+ (Keep in mind that it is the version of the receiving rsync that affects
+ these behaviors.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-E, \-\-executability\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to preserve the
+! executability (or non-executability) of regular files when \fB\-\-perms\fP is
+ not enabled. A regular file is considered to be executable if at least one
+! \(oqx\(cq is turned on in its permissions. When an existing destination file's
+ executability differs from that of the corresponding source file, rsync
+! modifies the destination file's permissions as follows:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+! To make a file non-executable, rsync turns off all its \(oqx\(cq
+ permissions.
+ .IP o
+! To make a file executable, rsync turns on each \(oqx\(cq permission that
+! has a corresponding \(oqr\(cq permission enabled.
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+--- 1087,1120 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! (Caveat: make sure that \fB\-a\fP does not follow \fB\-Z\fP, or it will re\-enable
+! the two \(dq\&\-\-no\-*\(dq\& options mentioned above.)
+ .IP
+! The preservation of the destination\(cq\&s setgid bit on newly\-created
+ directories when \fB\-\-perms\fP is off was added in rsync 2.6.7. Older rsync
+ versions erroneously preserved the three special permission bits for
+! newly\-created files when \fB\-\-perms\fP was off, while overriding the
+! destination\(cq\&s setgid bit setting on a newly\-created directory. Default ACL
+ observance was added to the ACL patch for rsync 2.6.7, so older (or
+! non\-ACL\-enabled) rsyncs use the umask even if default ACLs are present.
+ (Keep in mind that it is the version of the receiving rsync that affects
+ these behaviors.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-E, \-\-executability\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to preserve the
+! executability (or non\-executability) of regular files when \fB\-\-perms\fP is
+ not enabled. A regular file is considered to be executable if at least one
+! \(cq\&x\(cq\& is turned on in its permissions. When an existing destination file\(cq\&s
+ executability differs from that of the corresponding source file, rsync
+! modifies the destination file\(cq\&s permissions as follows:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+! To make a file non\-executable, rsync turns off all its \(cq\&x\(cq\&
+ permissions.
+ .IP o
+! To make a file executable, rsync turns on each \(cq\&x\(cq\& permission that
+! has a corresponding \(cq\&r\(cq\& permission enabled.
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1078,1105 ****
+ and restore ACLs that are not compatible.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-X, \-\-xattrs\fP"
+! This option causes rsync to update the remote
+! extended attributes to be the same as the local ones.
+ .IP
+! For systems that support extended-attribute namespaces, a copy being done by a
+! super-user copies all namespaces except system.*. A normal user only copies
+! the user.* namespace. To be able to backup and restore non-user namespaces as
+ a normal user, see the \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-chmod\fP"
+ This option tells rsync to apply one or more
+! comma-separated \(lqchmod\(rq strings to the permission of the files in the
+! transfer. The resulting value is treated as though it was the permissions
+ that the sending side supplied for the file, which means that this option
+ can seem to have no effect on existing files if \fB\-\-perms\fP is not enabled.
+ .IP
+ In addition to the normal parsing rules specified in the \fBchmod\fP(1)
+ manpage, you can specify an item that should only apply to a directory by
+! prefixing it with a \(oqD\(cq, or specify an item that should only apply to a
+! file by prefixing it with a \(oqF\(cq. For example:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \-\-chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,Fo-w,+X
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+--- 1130,1164 ----
+ and restore ACLs that are not compatible.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-X, \-\-xattrs\fP"
+! This option causes rsync to update the destination
+! extended attributes to be the same as the source ones.
+ .IP
+! For systems that support extended\-attribute namespaces, a copy being done by a
+! super\-user copies all namespaces except system.*. A normal user only copies
+! the user.* namespace. To be able to backup and restore non\-user namespaces as
+ a normal user, see the \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option.
+ .IP
++ Note that this option does not copy rsyncs special xattr values (e.g. those
++ used by \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP) unless you repeat the option (e.g. \-XX). This
++ \(dq\© all xattrs\(dq\& mode cannot be used with \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP.
++ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-chmod\fP"
+ This option tells rsync to apply one or more
+! comma\-separated \(dq\&chmod\(dq\& strings to the permission of the files in the
+! transfer. The resulting value is treated as though it were the permissions
+ that the sending side supplied for the file, which means that this option
+ can seem to have no effect on existing files if \fB\-\-perms\fP is not enabled.
+ .IP
+ In addition to the normal parsing rules specified in the \fBchmod\fP(1)
+ manpage, you can specify an item that should only apply to a directory by
+! prefixing it with a \(cq\&D\(cq\&, or specify an item that should only apply to a
+! file by prefixing it with a \(cq\&F\(cq\&. For example, the following will ensure
+! that all directories get marked set\-gid, that no files are other\-writable,
+! that both are user\-writable and group\-writable, and that both have
+! consistent executability across all bits:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \-\-chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,Fo\-w,+X
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1112,1118 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-o, \-\-owner\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to set the owner of the
+ destination file to be the same as the source file, but only if the
+! receiving rsync is being run as the super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP
+ and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
+ Without this option, the owner of new and/or transferred files are set to
+ the invoking user on the receiving side.
+--- 1171,1177 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-o, \-\-owner\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to set the owner of the
+ destination file to be the same as the source file, but only if the
+! receiving rsync is being run as the super\-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP
+ and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
+ Without this option, the owner of new and/or transferred files are set to
+ the invoking user on the receiving side.
+***************
+*** 1124,1130 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-g, \-\-group\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to set the group of the
+ destination file to be the same as the source file. If the receiving
+! program is not running as the super-user (or if \fB\-\-no\-super\fP was
+ specified), only groups that the invoking user on the receiving side
+ is a member of will be preserved.
+ Without this option, the group is set to the default group of the invoking
+--- 1183,1189 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-g, \-\-group\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to set the group of the
+ destination file to be the same as the source file. If the receiving
+! program is not running as the super\-user (or if \fB\-\-no\-super\fP was
+ specified), only groups that the invoking user on the receiving side
+ is a member of will be preserved.
+ Without this option, the group is set to the default group of the invoking
+***************
+*** 1138,1144 ****
+ This option causes rsync to transfer character and
+ block device files to the remote system to recreate these devices.
+ This option has no effect if the receiving rsync is not run as the
+! super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-specials\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to transfer special files
+--- 1197,1203 ----
+ This option causes rsync to transfer character and
+ block device files to the remote system to recreate these devices.
+ This option has no effect if the receiving rsync is not run as the
+! super\-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-specials\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to transfer special files
+***************
+*** 1153,1160 ****
+ option is not used, the optimization that excludes files that have not been
+ modified cannot be effective; in other words, a missing \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-a\fP will
+ cause the next transfer to behave as if it used \fB\-I\fP, causing all files to be
+! updated (though rsync's delta-transfer algorithm will make the update fairly efficient
+! if the files haven't actually changed, you're much better off using \fB\-t\fP).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP"
+ This tells rsync to omit directories when
+--- 1212,1219 ----
+ option is not used, the optimization that excludes files that have not been
+ modified cannot be effective; in other words, a missing \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-a\fP will
+ cause the next transfer to behave as if it used \fB\-I\fP, causing all files to be
+! updated (though rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm will make the update fairly efficient
+! if the files haven\(cq\&t actually changed, you\(cq\&re much better off using \fB\-t\fP).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP"
+ This tells rsync to omit directories when
+***************
+*** 1163,1224 ****
+ This option is inferred if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP without \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-super\fP"
+! This tells the receiving side to attempt super-user
+! activities even if the receiving rsync wasn't run by the super-user. These
+ activities include: preserving users via the \fB\-\-owner\fP option, preserving
+! all groups (not just the current user's groups) via the \fB\-\-groups\fP
+ option, and copying devices via the \fB\-\-devices\fP option. This is useful
+! for systems that allow such activities without being the super-user, and
+! also for ensuring that you will get errors if the receiving side isn't
+! being run as the super-user. To turn off super-user activities, the
+! super-user can use \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-fake\-super\fP"
+ When this option is enabled, rsync simulates
+! super-user activities by saving/restoring the privileged attributes via
+ special extended attributes that are attached to each file (as needed). This
+! includes the file's owner and group (if it is not the default), the file's
+ device info (device & special files are created as empty text files), and
+! any permission bits that we won't allow to be set on the real file (e.g.
+! the real file gets u-s,g-s,o-t for safety) or that would limit the owner's
+! access (since the real super-user can always access/change a file, the
+ files we create can always be accessed/changed by the creating user).
+! This option also handles ACLs (if \fB\-\-acls\fP was specified) and non-user
+ extended attributes (if \fB\-\-xattrs\fP was specified).
+ .IP
+! This is a good way to backup data without using a super-user, and to store
+ ACLs from incompatible systems.
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option only affects the side where the option is used.
+! To affect the remote side of a remote-shell connection, specify an rsync
+ path:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path="rsync \-\-fake\-super" /src/ host:/dest/\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! Since there is only one \(lqside\(rq in a local copy, this option affects both
+! the sending and receiving of files. You'll need to specify a copy using
+! \(lqlocalhost\(rq if you need to avoid this, possibly using the \(lqlsh\(rq shell
+ script (from the support directory) as a substitute for an actual remote
+ shell (see \fB\-\-rsh\fP).
+ .IP
+ This option is overridden by both \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
+ .IP
+! See also the \(lqfake super\(rq setting in the daemon's rsyncd.conf file.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-S, \-\-sparse\fP"
+ Try to handle sparse files efficiently so they take
+! up less space on the destination. Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP because it's
+ not possible to overwrite data in a sparse fashion.
+ .IP
+- NOTE: Don't use this option when the destination is a Solaris \(lqtmpfs\(rq
+- filesystem. It doesn't seem to handle seeks over null regions
+- correctly and ends up corrupting the files.
+- .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-n, \-\-dry\-run\fP"
+! This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn't
+ make any changes (and produces mostly the same output as a real run). It
+ is most commonly used in combination with the \fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP and/or
+ \fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP options to see what an rsync command is going
+--- 1222,1279 ----
+ This option is inferred if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP without \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-super\fP"
+! This tells the receiving side to attempt super\-user
+! activities even if the receiving rsync wasn\(cq\&t run by the super\-user. These
+ activities include: preserving users via the \fB\-\-owner\fP option, preserving
+! all groups (not just the current user\(cq\&s groups) via the \fB\-\-groups\fP
+ option, and copying devices via the \fB\-\-devices\fP option. This is useful
+! for systems that allow such activities without being the super\-user, and
+! also for ensuring that you will get errors if the receiving side isn\(cq\&t
+! being run as the super\-user. To turn off super\-user activities, the
+! super\-user can use \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-fake\-super\fP"
+ When this option is enabled, rsync simulates
+! super\-user activities by saving/restoring the privileged attributes via
+ special extended attributes that are attached to each file (as needed). This
+! includes the file\(cq\&s owner and group (if it is not the default), the file\(cq\&s
+ device info (device & special files are created as empty text files), and
+! any permission bits that we won\(cq\&t allow to be set on the real file (e.g.
+! the real file gets u\-s,g\-s,o\-t for safety) or that would limit the owner\(cq\&s
+! access (since the real super\-user can always access/change a file, the
+ files we create can always be accessed/changed by the creating user).
+! This option also handles ACLs (if \fB\-\-acls\fP was specified) and non\-user
+ extended attributes (if \fB\-\-xattrs\fP was specified).
+ .IP
+! This is a good way to backup data without using a super\-user, and to store
+ ACLs from incompatible systems.
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option only affects the side where the option is used.
+! To affect the remote side of a remote\-shell connection, specify an rsync
+ path:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&rsync \-\-fake\-super\(dq\& /src/ host:/dest/\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! Since there is only one \(dq\&side\(dq\& in a local copy, this option affects both
+! the sending and receiving of files. You\(cq\&ll need to specify a copy using
+! \(dq\&localhost\(dq\& if you need to avoid this, possibly using the \(dq\&lsh\(dq\& shell
+ script (from the support directory) as a substitute for an actual remote
+ shell (see \fB\-\-rsh\fP).
+ .IP
+ This option is overridden by both \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
+ .IP
+! See also the \(dq\&fake super\(dq\& setting in the daemon\(cq\&s rsyncd.conf file.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-S, \-\-sparse\fP"
+ Try to handle sparse files efficiently so they take
+! up less space on the destination. Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP because it\(cq\&s
+ not possible to overwrite data in a sparse fashion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-n, \-\-dry\-run\fP"
+! This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn\(cq\&t
+ make any changes (and produces mostly the same output as a real run). It
+ is most commonly used in combination with the \fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP and/or
+ \fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP options to see what an rsync command is going
+***************
+*** 1226,1263 ****
+ .IP
+ The output of \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP is supposed to be exactly the same on a
+ dry run and a subsequent real run (barring intentional trickery and system
+! call failures); if it isn't, that's a bug. Other output is the same to the
+! extent practical, but may differ in some areas. Notably, a dry run does not
+ send the actual data for file transfers, so \fB\-\-progress\fP has no effect,
+! the \(lqbytes sent\(rq, \(lqbytes received\(rq, \(lqliteral data\(rq, and \(lqmatched data\(rq
+! statistics are too small, and the \(lqspeedup\(rq value is equivalent to a run
+! where no file transfers are needed.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-W, \-\-whole\-file\fP"
+! With this option rsync's delta-transfer algorithm
+! is not used and the whole file is sent as-is instead. The transfer may be
+ faster if this option is used when the bandwidth between the source and
+ destination machines is higher than the bandwidth to disk (especially when the
+! \(lqdisk\(rq is actually a networked filesystem). This is the default when both
+! the source and destination are specified as local paths.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-x, \-\-one\-file\-system\fP"
+ This tells rsync to avoid crossing a
+! filesystem boundary when recursing. This does not limit the user's ability
+! to specify items to copy from multiple filesystems, just rsync's recursion
+ through the hierarchy of each directory that the user specified, and also
+ the analogous recursion on the receiving side during deletion. Also keep
+! in mind that rsync treats a \(lqbind\(rq mount to the same device as being on the
+ same filesystem.
+ .IP
+! If this option is repeated, rsync omits all mount-point directories from
+! the copy. Otherwise, it includes an empty directory at each mount-point it
+ encounters (using the attributes of the mounted directory because those of
+! the underlying mount-point directory are inaccessible).
+ .IP
+ If rsync has been told to collapse symlinks (via \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP or
+ \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP), a symlink to a directory on another device is
+! treated like a mount-point. Symlinks to non-directories are unaffected
+ by this option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-existing, \-\-ignore\-non\-existing\fP"
+--- 1281,1319 ----
+ .IP
+ The output of \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP is supposed to be exactly the same on a
+ dry run and a subsequent real run (barring intentional trickery and system
+! call failures); if it isn\(cq\&t, that\(cq\&s a bug. Other output should be mostly
+! unchanged, but may differ in some areas. Notably, a dry run does not
+ send the actual data for file transfers, so \fB\-\-progress\fP has no effect,
+! the \(dq\&bytes sent\(dq\&, \(dq\&bytes received\(dq\&, \(dq\&literal data\(dq\&, and \(dq\&matched data\(dq\&
+! statistics are too small, and the \(dq\&speedup\(dq\& value is equivalent to a run
+! where no file transfers were needed.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-W, \-\-whole\-file\fP"
+! With this option rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm
+! is not used and the whole file is sent as\-is instead. The transfer may be
+ faster if this option is used when the bandwidth between the source and
+ destination machines is higher than the bandwidth to disk (especially when the
+! \(dq\&disk\(dq\& is actually a networked filesystem). This is the default when both
+! the source and destination are specified as local paths, but only if no
+! batch\-writing option is in effect.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-x, \-\-one\-file\-system\fP"
+ This tells rsync to avoid crossing a
+! filesystem boundary when recursing. This does not limit the user\(cq\&s ability
+! to specify items to copy from multiple filesystems, just rsync\(cq\&s recursion
+ through the hierarchy of each directory that the user specified, and also
+ the analogous recursion on the receiving side during deletion. Also keep
+! in mind that rsync treats a \(dq\&bind\(dq\& mount to the same device as being on the
+ same filesystem.
+ .IP
+! If this option is repeated, rsync omits all mount\-point directories from
+! the copy. Otherwise, it includes an empty directory at each mount\-point it
+ encounters (using the attributes of the mounted directory because those of
+! the underlying mount\-point directory are inaccessible).
+ .IP
+ If rsync has been told to collapse symlinks (via \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP or
+ \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP), a symlink to a directory on another device is
+! treated like a mount\-point. Symlinks to non\-directories are unaffected
+ by this option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-existing, \-\-ignore\-non\-existing\fP"
+***************
+*** 1267,1274 ****
+ combined with the \fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP option, no files will be updated
+ (which can be useful if all you want to do is delete extraneous files).
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
+! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP"
+--- 1323,1330 ----
+ combined with the \fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP option, no files will be updated
+ (which can be useful if all you want to do is delete extraneous files).
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP"
+***************
+*** 1276,1283 ****
+ already exist on the destination (this does \fInot\fP ignore existing
+ directories, or nothing would get done). See also \fB\-\-existing\fP.
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
+! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ This option can be useful for those doing backups using the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP
+--- 1332,1339 ----
+ already exist on the destination (this does \fInot\fP ignore existing
+ directories, or nothing would get done). See also \fB\-\-existing\fP.
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ This option can be useful for those doing backups using the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP
+***************
+*** 1284,1306 ****
+ option when they need to continue a backup run that got interrupted. Since
+ a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP run is copied into a new directory hierarchy (when it is
+ used properly), using \fB\-\-ignore existing\fP will ensure that the
+! already-handled files don't get tweaked (which avoids a change in
+! permissions on the hard-linked files). This does mean that this option
+ is only looking at the existing files in the destination hierarchy itself.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP"
+ This tells rsync to remove from the sending
+! side the files (meaning non-directories) that are a part of the transfer
+ and have been successfully duplicated on the receiving side.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\fP"
+ This tells rsync to delete extraneous files from the
+! receiving side (ones that aren't on the sending side), but only for the
+ directories that are being synchronized. You must have asked rsync to
+! send the whole directory (e.g. \(lqdir\(rq or \(lqdir/\(rq) without using a wildcard
+! for the directory's contents (e.g. \(lqdir/*\(rq) since the wildcard is expanded
+ by the shell and rsync thus gets a request to transfer individual files, not
+! the files' parent directory. Files that are excluded from the transfer are
+ also excluded from being deleted unless you use the \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP
+ option or mark the rules as only matching on the sending side (see the
+ include/exclude modifiers in the FILTER RULES section).
+--- 1340,1362 ----
+ option when they need to continue a backup run that got interrupted. Since
+ a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP run is copied into a new directory hierarchy (when it is
+ used properly), using \fB\-\-ignore existing\fP will ensure that the
+! already\-handled files don\(cq\&t get tweaked (which avoids a change in
+! permissions on the hard\-linked files). This does mean that this option
+ is only looking at the existing files in the destination hierarchy itself.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP"
+ This tells rsync to remove from the sending
+! side the files (meaning non\-directories) that are a part of the transfer
+ and have been successfully duplicated on the receiving side.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\fP"
+ This tells rsync to delete extraneous files from the
+! receiving side (ones that aren\(cq\&t on the sending side), but only for the
+ directories that are being synchronized. You must have asked rsync to
+! send the whole directory (e.g. \(dq\&dir\(dq\& or \(dq\&dir/\(dq\&) without using a wildcard
+! for the directory\(cq\&s contents (e.g. \(dq\&dir/*\(dq\&) since the wildcard is expanded
+ by the shell and rsync thus gets a request to transfer individual files, not
+! the files\(cq\& parent directory. Files that are excluded from the transfer are
+ also excluded from being deleted unless you use the \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP
+ option or mark the rules as only matching on the sending side (see the
+ include/exclude modifiers in the FILTER RULES section).
+***************
+*** 1316,1322 ****
+ If the sending side detects any I/O errors, then the deletion of any
+ files at the destination will be automatically disabled. This is to
+ prevent temporary filesystem failures (such as NFS errors) on the
+! sending side causing a massive deletion of files on the
+ destination. You can override this with the \fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP option.
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-delete\fP option may be combined with one of the \-\-delete\-WHEN options
+--- 1372,1378 ----
+ If the sending side detects any I/O errors, then the deletion of any
+ files at the destination will be automatically disabled. This is to
+ prevent temporary filesystem failures (such as NFS errors) on the
+! sending side from causing a massive deletion of files on the
+ destination. You can override this with the \fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP option.
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-delete\fP option may be combined with one of the \-\-delete\-WHEN options
+***************
+*** 1327,1355 ****
+ \fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP and \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-before\fP"
+! Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
+ side be done before the transfer starts.
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ Deleting before the transfer is helpful if the filesystem is tight for space
+ and removing extraneous files would help to make the transfer possible.
+ However, it does introduce a delay before the start of the transfer,
+ and this delay might cause the transfer to timeout (if \fB\-\-timeout\fP was
+! specified). It also forces rsync to use the old, non-incremental recursion
+ algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the transfer into
+ memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-during, \-\-del\fP"
+! Request that the file-deletions on the
+ receiving side be done incrementally as the transfer happens. The
+! per-directory delete scan is done right before each directory is checked
+ for updates, so it behaves like a more efficient \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP,
+! including doing the deletions prior to any per-directory filter files
+ being updated. This option was first added in rsync version 2.6.4.
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP"
+! Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
+ side be computed during the transfer (like \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP), and then
+ removed after the transfer completes. This is useful when combined with
+ \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP and/or \fB\-\-fuzzy\fP, and is more efficient than using
+--- 1383,1411 ----
+ \fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP and \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-before\fP"
+! Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
+ side be done before the transfer starts.
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
+ .IP
+ Deleting before the transfer is helpful if the filesystem is tight for space
+ and removing extraneous files would help to make the transfer possible.
+ However, it does introduce a delay before the start of the transfer,
+ and this delay might cause the transfer to timeout (if \fB\-\-timeout\fP was
+! specified). It also forces rsync to use the old, non\-incremental recursion
+ algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the transfer into
+ memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-during, \-\-del\fP"
+! Request that the file\-deletions on the
+ receiving side be done incrementally as the transfer happens. The
+! per\-directory delete scan is done right before each directory is checked
+ for updates, so it behaves like a more efficient \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP,
+! including doing the deletions prior to any per\-directory filter files
+ being updated. This option was first added in rsync version 2.6.4.
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP"
+! Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
+ side be computed during the transfer (like \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP), and then
+ removed after the transfer completes. This is useful when combined with
+ \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP and/or \fB\-\-fuzzy\fP, and is more efficient than using
+***************
+*** 1357,1377 ****
+ computes the deletions in a separate pass after all updates are done).
+ If the number of removed files overflows an internal buffer, a
+ temporary file will be created on the receiving side to hold the names (it
+! is removed while open, so you shouldn't see it during the transfer). If
+ the creation of the temporary file fails, rsync will try to fall back to
+ using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP (which it cannot do if \fB\-\-recursive\fP is doing an
+ incremental scan).
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-after\fP"
+! Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
+ side be done after the transfer has completed. This is useful if you
+! are sending new per-directory merge files as a part of the transfer and
+ you want their exclusions to take effect for the delete phase of the
+! current transfer. It also forces rsync to use the old, non-incremental
+ recursion algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the
+ transfer into memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP"
+ In addition to deleting the files on the
+--- 1413,1433 ----
+ computes the deletions in a separate pass after all updates are done).
+ If the number of removed files overflows an internal buffer, a
+ temporary file will be created on the receiving side to hold the names (it
+! is removed while open, so you shouldn\(cq\&t see it during the transfer). If
+ the creation of the temporary file fails, rsync will try to fall back to
+ using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP (which it cannot do if \fB\-\-recursive\fP is doing an
+ incremental scan).
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-after\fP"
+! Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
+ side be done after the transfer has completed. This is useful if you
+! are sending new per\-directory merge files as a part of the transfer and
+ you want their exclusions to take effect for the delete phase of the
+! current transfer. It also forces rsync to use the old, non\-incremental
+ recursion algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the
+ transfer into memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP"
+ In addition to deleting the files on the
+***************
+*** 1380,1386 ****
+ See the FILTER RULES section for a way to make individual exclusions behave
+ this way on the receiver, and for a way to protect files from
+ \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP.
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP"
+ Tells \fB\-\-delete\fP to go ahead and delete files
+--- 1436,1442 ----
+ See the FILTER RULES section for a way to make individual exclusions behave
+ this way on the receiver, and for a way to protect files from
+ \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP.
+! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP"
+ Tells \fB\-\-delete\fP to go ahead and delete files
+***************
+*** 1387,1398 ****
+ even when there are I/O errors.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-force\fP"
+! This option tells rsync to delete a non-empty directory
+! when it is to be replaced by a non-directory. This is only relevant if
+ deletions are not active (see \fB\-\-delete\fP for details).
+ .IP
+ Note for older rsync versions: \fB\-\-force\fP used to still be required when
+! using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP, and it used to be non-functional unless the
+ \fB\-\-recursive\fP option was also enabled.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-max\-delete=NUM\fP"
+--- 1443,1454 ----
+ even when there are I/O errors.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-force\fP"
+! This option tells rsync to delete a non\-empty directory
+! when it is to be replaced by a non\-directory. This is only relevant if
+ deletions are not active (see \fB\-\-delete\fP for details).
+ .IP
+ Note for older rsync versions: \fB\-\-force\fP used to still be required when
+! using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP, and it used to be non\-functional unless the
+ \fB\-\-recursive\fP option was also enabled.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-max\-delete=NUM\fP"
+***************
+*** 1402,1428 ****
+ .IP
+ Also new for version 3.0.0, you may specify \fB\-\-max\-delete=0\fP to be warned
+ about any extraneous files in the destination without removing any of them.
+! Older clients interpreted this as \(lqunlimited\(rq, so if you don't know what
+ version the client is, you can use the less obvious \fB\-\-max\-delete=\-1\fP as
+! a backward-compatible way to specify that no deletions be allowed (though
+! older versions didn't warn when the limit was exceeded).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-max\-size=SIZE\fP"
+ This tells rsync to avoid transferring any
+ file that is larger than the specified SIZE. The SIZE value can be
+ suffixed with a string to indicate a size multiplier, and
+! may be a fractional value (e.g. \(lq\fB\-\-max\-size=1.5m\fP\(rq).
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
+! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+! The suffixes are as follows: \(lqK\(rq (or \(lqKiB\(rq) is a kibibyte (1024),
+! \(lqM\(rq (or \(lqMiB\(rq) is a mebibyte (1024*1024), and \(lqG\(rq (or \(lqGiB\(rq) is a
+ gibibyte (1024*1024*1024).
+! If you want the multiplier to be 1000 instead of 1024, use \(lqKB\(rq,
+! \(lqMB\(rq, or \(lqGB\(rq. (Note: lower-case is also accepted for all values.)
+! Finally, if the suffix ends in either \(lq+1\(rq or \(lq\-1\(rq, the value will
+ be offset by one byte in the indicated direction.
+ .IP
+ Examples: \-\-max\-size=1.5mb\-1 is 1499999 bytes, and \-\-max\-size=2g+1 is
+--- 1458,1484 ----
+ .IP
+ Also new for version 3.0.0, you may specify \fB\-\-max\-delete=0\fP to be warned
+ about any extraneous files in the destination without removing any of them.
+! Older clients interpreted this as \(dq\&unlimited\(dq\&, so if you don\(cq\&t know what
+ version the client is, you can use the less obvious \fB\-\-max\-delete=\-1\fP as
+! a backward\-compatible way to specify that no deletions be allowed (though
+! older versions didn\(cq\&t warn when the limit was exceeded).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-max\-size=SIZE\fP"
+ This tells rsync to avoid transferring any
+ file that is larger than the specified SIZE. The SIZE value can be
+ suffixed with a string to indicate a size multiplier, and
+! may be a fractional value (e.g. \(dq\&\fB\-\-max\-size=1.5m\fP\(dq\&).
+ .IP
+! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+! The suffixes are as follows: \(dq\&K\(dq\& (or \(dq\&KiB\(dq\&) is a kibibyte (1024),
+! \(dq\&M\(dq\& (or \(dq\&MiB\(dq\&) is a mebibyte (1024*1024), and \(dq\&G\(dq\& (or \(dq\&GiB\(dq\&) is a
+ gibibyte (1024*1024*1024).
+! If you want the multiplier to be 1000 instead of 1024, use \(dq\&KB\(dq\&,
+! \(dq\&MB\(dq\&, or \(dq\&GB\(dq\&. (Note: lower\-case is also accepted for all values.)
+! Finally, if the suffix ends in either \(dq\&+1\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-1\(dq\&, the value will
+ be offset by one byte in the indicated direction.
+ .IP
+ Examples: \-\-max\-size=1.5mb\-1 is 1499999 bytes, and \-\-max\-size=2g+1 is
+***************
+*** 1436,1442 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-B, \-\-block\-size=BLOCKSIZE\fP"
+ This forces the block size used in
+! rsync's delta-transfer algorithm to a fixed value. It is normally selected based on
+ the size of each file being updated. See the technical report for details.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP"
+--- 1492,1498 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-B, \-\-block\-size=BLOCKSIZE\fP"
+ This forces the block size used in
+! rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm to a fixed value. It is normally selected based on
+ the size of each file being updated. See the technical report for details.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP"
+***************
+*** 1449,1475 ****
+ remote shell \fICOMMAND\fP will be used to run an rsync daemon on the
+ remote host, and all data will be transmitted through that remote
+ shell connection, rather than through a direct socket connection to a
+! running rsync daemon on the remote host. See the section \(lqUSING
+! RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION\(rq above.
+ .IP
+! Command-line arguments are permitted in COMMAND provided that COMMAND is
+ presented to rsync as a single argument. You must use spaces (not tabs
+ or other whitespace) to separate the command and args from each other,
+! and you can use single- and/or double-quotes to preserve spaces in an
+! argument (but not backslashes). Note that doubling a single-quote
+! inside a single-quoted string gives you a single-quote; likewise for
+! double-quotes (though you need to pay attention to which quotes your
+ shell is parsing and which quotes rsync is parsing). Some examples:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW \-e 'ssh \-p 2234'\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CW \-e 'ssh \-o "ProxyCommand nohup ssh firewall nc \-w1 %h %p"'\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! (Note that ssh users can alternately customize site-specific connect
+ options in their .ssh/config file.)
+ .IP
+ You can also choose the remote shell program using the RSYNC_RSH
+--- 1505,1531 ----
+ remote shell \fICOMMAND\fP will be used to run an rsync daemon on the
+ remote host, and all data will be transmitted through that remote
+ shell connection, rather than through a direct socket connection to a
+! running rsync daemon on the remote host. See the section \(dq\&USING
+! RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& above.
+ .IP
+! Command\-line arguments are permitted in COMMAND provided that COMMAND is
+ presented to rsync as a single argument. You must use spaces (not tabs
+ or other whitespace) to separate the command and args from each other,
+! and you can use single\- and/or double\-quotes to preserve spaces in an
+! argument (but not backslashes). Note that doubling a single\-quote
+! inside a single\-quoted string gives you a single\-quote; likewise for
+! double\-quotes (though you need to pay attention to which quotes your
+ shell is parsing and which quotes rsync is parsing). Some examples:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW \-e '\&ssh \-p 2234'\&\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CW \-e '\&ssh \-o \(dq\&ProxyCommand nohup ssh firewall nc \-w1 %h %p\(dq\&'\&\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! (Note that ssh users can alternately customize site\-specific connect
+ options in their .ssh/config file.)
+ .IP
+ You can also choose the remote shell program using the RSYNC_RSH
+***************
+*** 1479,1489 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM\fP"
+ Use this to specify what program is to be run
+! on the remote machine to start-up rsync. Often used when rsync is not in
+! the default remote-shell's path (e.g. \-\-rsync\-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync).
+ Note that PROGRAM is run with the help of a shell, so it can be any
+! program, script, or command sequence you'd care to run, so long as it does
+! not corrupt the standard-in & standard-out that rsync is using to
+ communicate.
+ .IP
+ One tricky example is to set a different default directory on the remote
+--- 1535,1545 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM\fP"
+ Use this to specify what program is to be run
+! on the remote machine to start\-up rsync. Often used when rsync is not in
+! the default remote\-shell\(cq\&s path (e.g. \-\-rsync\-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync).
+ Note that PROGRAM is run with the help of a shell, so it can be any
+! program, script, or command sequence you\(cq\&d care to run, so long as it does
+! not corrupt the standard\-in & standard\-out that rsync is using to
+ communicate.
+ .IP
+ One tricky example is to set a different default directory on the remote
+***************
+*** 1490,1513 ****
+ machine for use with the \fB\-\-relative\fP option. For instance:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path="cd /a/b && rsync" host:c/d /e/\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude\fP"
+ This is a useful shorthand for excluding a
+! broad range of files that you often don't want to transfer between
+ systems. It uses a similar algorithm to CVS to determine if
+ a file should be ignored.
+ .IP
+ The exclude list is initialized to exclude the following items (these
+! initial items are marked as perishable \(em see the FILTER RULES section):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .RS
+ \f(CWRCS SCCS CVS CVS.adm RCSLOG cvslog.* tags TAGS .make.state
+ \&.nse_depinfo *~ #* .#* ,* _$* *$ *.old *.bak *.BAK *.orig *.rej .del\-*
+! *.a *.olb *.o *.obj *.so *.exe *.Z *.elc *.ln core .svn/ .git/ .bzr/\fP
+ .RE
+ .RE
+
+--- 1546,1569 ----
+ machine for use with the \fB\-\-relative\fP option. For instance:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&cd /a/b && rsync\(dq\& host:c/d /e/\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude\fP"
+ This is a useful shorthand for excluding a
+! broad range of files that you often don\(cq\&t want to transfer between
+ systems. It uses a similar algorithm to CVS to determine if
+ a file should be ignored.
+ .IP
+ The exclude list is initialized to exclude the following items (these
+! initial items are marked as perishable \-\- see the FILTER RULES section):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .RS
+ \f(CWRCS SCCS CVS CVS.adm RCSLOG cvslog.* tags TAGS .make.state
+ \&.nse_depinfo *~ #* .#* ,* _$* *$ *.old *.bak *.BAK *.orig *.rej .del\-*
+! *.a *.olb *.o *.obj *.so *.exe *.Z *.elc *.ln core .svn/ .git/ .hg/ .bzr/\fP
+ .RE
+ .RE
+
+***************
+*** 1518,1536 ****
+ .IP
+ Finally, any file is ignored if it is in the same directory as a
+ \&.cvsignore file and matches one of the patterns listed therein. Unlike
+! rsync's filter/exclude files, these patterns are split on whitespace.
+ See the \fBcvs\fP(1) manual for more information.
+ .IP
+! If you're combining \fB\-C\fP with your own \fB\-\-filter\fP rules, you should
+ note that these CVS excludes are appended at the end of your own rules,
+! regardless of where the \fB\-C\fP was placed on the command-line. This makes them
+ a lower priority than any rules you specified explicitly. If you want to
+ control where these CVS excludes get inserted into your filter rules, you
+! should omit the \fB\-C\fP as a command-line option and use a combination of
+! \fB\-\-filter=:C\fP and \fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP (either on your command-line or by
+! putting the \(lq:C\(rq and \(lq\-C\(rq rules into a filter file with your other rules).
+! The first option turns on the per-directory scanning for the .cvsignore
+! file. The second option does a one-time import of the CVS excludes
+ mentioned above.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-f, \-\-filter=RULE\fP"
+--- 1574,1592 ----
+ .IP
+ Finally, any file is ignored if it is in the same directory as a
+ \&.cvsignore file and matches one of the patterns listed therein. Unlike
+! rsync\(cq\&s filter/exclude files, these patterns are split on whitespace.
+ See the \fBcvs\fP(1) manual for more information.
+ .IP
+! If you\(cq\&re combining \fB\-C\fP with your own \fB\-\-filter\fP rules, you should
+ note that these CVS excludes are appended at the end of your own rules,
+! regardless of where the \fB\-C\fP was placed on the command\-line. This makes them
+ a lower priority than any rules you specified explicitly. If you want to
+ control where these CVS excludes get inserted into your filter rules, you
+! should omit the \fB\-C\fP as a command\-line option and use a combination of
+! \fB\-\-filter=:C\fP and \fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP (either on your command\-line or by
+! putting the \(dq\&:C\(dq\& and \(dq\&\-C\(dq\& rules into a filter file with your other rules).
+! The first option turns on the per\-directory scanning for the .cvsignore
+! file. The second option does a one\-time import of the CVS excludes
+ mentioned above.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-f, \-\-filter=RULE\fP"
+***************
+*** 1551,1567 ****
+ your command. The first time it is used is a shorthand for this rule:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW \-\-filter='dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! This tells rsync to look for per-directory .rsync\-filter files that have
+ been sprinkled through the hierarchy and use their rules to filter the
+ files in the transfer. If \fB\-F\fP is repeated, it is a shorthand for this
+ rule:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW \-\-filter='exclude .rsync\-filter'\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+--- 1607,1623 ----
+ your command. The first time it is used is a shorthand for this rule:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW \-\-filter='\&dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\&\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! This tells rsync to look for per\-directory .rsync\-filter files that have
+ been sprinkled through the hierarchy and use their rules to filter the
+ files in the transfer. If \fB\-F\fP is repeated, it is a shorthand for this
+ rule:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW \-\-filter='\&exclude .rsync\-filter'\&\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1573,1579 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-\-exclude=PATTERN\fP"
+ This option is a simplified form of the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an exclude rule and does not allow
+! the full rule-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
+ .IP
+ See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+ .IP
+--- 1629,1635 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-\-exclude=PATTERN\fP"
+ This option is a simplified form of the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an exclude rule and does not allow
+! the full rule\-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
+ .IP
+ See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1580,1592 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-from=FILE\fP"
+ This option is related to the \fB\-\-exclude\fP
+ option, but it specifies a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line).
+! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(oq;\(cq or \(oq#\(cq are ignored.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-include=PATTERN\fP"
+ This option is a simplified form of the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an include rule and does not allow
+! the full rule-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
+ .IP
+ See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+ .IP
+--- 1636,1648 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-from=FILE\fP"
+ This option is related to the \fB\-\-exclude\fP
+ option, but it specifies a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line).
+! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(cq\&;\(cq\& or \(cq\&#\(cq\& are ignored.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-include=PATTERN\fP"
+ This option is a simplified form of the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an include rule and does not allow
+! the full rule\-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
+ .IP
+ See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1593,1599 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-\-include\-from=FILE\fP"
+ This option is related to the \fB\-\-include\fP
+ option, but it specifies a FILE that contains include patterns (one per line).
+! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(oq;\(cq or \(oq#\(cq are ignored.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-files\-from=FILE\fP"
+--- 1649,1655 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-\-include\-from=FILE\fP"
+ This option is related to the \fB\-\-include\fP
+ option, but it specifies a FILE that contains include patterns (one per line).
+! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(cq\&;\(cq\& or \(cq\&#\(cq\& are ignored.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-files\-from=FILE\fP"
+***************
+*** 1612,1622 ****
+ specified in the list on the destination rather than noisily skipping
+ them (use \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP if you want to turn that off).
+ .IP o
+! The \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) option's behavior does not imply \fB\-\-recursive\fP
+ (\fB\-r\fP), so specify it explicitly, if you want it.
+ .IP o
+! These side-effects change the default state of rsync, so the position
+! of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option on the command-line has no bearing on how
+ other options are parsed (e.g. \fB\-a\fP works the same before or after
+ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, as does \fB\-\-no\-R\fP and all other options).
+ .RE
+--- 1668,1678 ----
+ specified in the list on the destination rather than noisily skipping
+ them (use \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP if you want to turn that off).
+ .IP o
+! The \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) option\(cq\&s behavior does not imply \fB\-\-recursive\fP
+ (\fB\-r\fP), so specify it explicitly, if you want it.
+ .IP o
+! These side\-effects change the default state of rsync, so the position
+! of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option on the command\-line has no bearing on how
+ other options are parsed (e.g. \fB\-a\fP works the same before or after
+ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, as does \fB\-\-no\-R\fP and all other options).
+ .RE
+***************
+*** 1623,1629 ****
+
+ .IP
+ The filenames that are read from the FILE are all relative to the
+! source dir \(em any leading slashes are removed and no \(lq..\(rq references are
+ allowed to go higher than the source dir. For example, take this
+ command:
+ .IP
+--- 1679,1685 ----
+
+ .IP
+ The filenames that are read from the FILE are all relative to the
+! source dir \-\- any leading slashes are removed and no \(dq\&..\(dq\& references are
+ allowed to go higher than the source dir. For example, take this
+ command:
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1632,1655 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! If /tmp/foo contains the string \(lqbin\(rq (or even \(lq/bin\(rq), the /usr/bin
+ directory will be created as /backup/bin on the remote host. If it
+! contains \(lqbin/\(rq (note the trailing slash), the immediate contents of
+ the directory would also be sent (without needing to be explicitly
+! mentioned in the file \(em this began in version 2.6.4). In both cases,
+! if the \fB\-r\fP option was enabled, that dir's entire hierarchy would
+ also be transferred (keep in mind that \fB\-r\fP needs to be specified
+ explicitly with \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, since it is not implied by \fB\-a\fP).
+ Also note
+ that the effect of the (enabled by default) \fB\-\-relative\fP option is to
+! duplicate only the path info that is read from the file \(em it does not
+! force the duplication of the source-spec path (/usr in this case).
+ .IP
+ In addition, the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP file can be read from the remote host
+! instead of the local host if you specify a \(lqhost:\(rq in front of the file
+! (the host must match one end of the transfer). As a short-cut, you can
+! specify just a prefix of \(lq:\(rq to mean \(lquse the remote end of the
+! transfer\(rq. For example:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ \f(CW rsync \-a \-\-files\-from=:/path/file\-list src:/ /tmp/copy\fP
+--- 1688,1711 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! If /tmp/foo contains the string \(dq\&bin\(dq\& (or even \(dq\&/bin\(dq\&), the /usr/bin
+ directory will be created as /backup/bin on the remote host. If it
+! contains \(dq\&bin/\(dq\& (note the trailing slash), the immediate contents of
+ the directory would also be sent (without needing to be explicitly
+! mentioned in the file \-\- this began in version 2.6.4). In both cases,
+! if the \fB\-r\fP option was enabled, that dir\(cq\&s entire hierarchy would
+ also be transferred (keep in mind that \fB\-r\fP needs to be specified
+ explicitly with \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, since it is not implied by \fB\-a\fP).
+ Also note
+ that the effect of the (enabled by default) \fB\-\-relative\fP option is to
+! duplicate only the path info that is read from the file \-\- it does not
+! force the duplication of the source\-spec path (/usr in this case).
+ .IP
+ In addition, the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP file can be read from the remote host
+! instead of the local host if you specify a \(dq\&host:\(dq\& in front of the file
+! (the host must match one end of the transfer). As a short\-cut, you can
+! specify just a prefix of \(dq\&:\(dq\& to mean \(dq\&use the remote end of the
+! transfer\(dq\&. For example:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ \f(CW rsync \-a \-\-files\-from=:/path/file\-list src:/ /tmp/copy\fP
+***************
+*** 1656,1687 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! This would copy all the files specified in the /path/file-list file that
+! was located on the remote \(lqsrc\(rq host.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-0, \-\-from0\fP"
+ This tells rsync that the rules/filenames it reads from a
+! file are terminated by a null ('\e0') character, not a NL, CR, or CR+LF.
+ This affects \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP, \fB\-\-include\-from\fP, \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, and any
+ merged files specified in a \fB\-\-filter\fP rule.
+ It does not affect \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (since all names read from a .cvsignore
+ file are split on whitespace).
+ .IP
+- If the \fB\-\-iconv\fP and \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP options are specified and the
+- \fB\-\-files\-from\fP filenames are being sent from one host to another, the
+- filenames will be translated from the sending host's charset to the
+- receiving host's charset.
+- .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-s, \-\-protect\-args\fP"
+! This option sends all filenames and some options to
+ the remote rsync without allowing the remote shell to interpret them. This
+! means that spaces are not split in names, and any non-wildcard special
+ characters are not translated (such as ~, $, ;, &, etc.). Wildcards are
+ expanded on the remote host by rsync (instead of the shell doing it).
+ .IP
+! If you use this option with \fB\-\-iconv\fP, the args will also be translated
+! from the local to the remote character-set. The translation happens before
+! wild-cards are expanded. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR\fP"
+ This option instructs rsync to use DIR as a
+--- 1712,1750 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! This would copy all the files specified in the /path/file\-list file that
+! was located on the remote \(dq\&src\(dq\& host.
+ .IP
++ If the \fB\-\-iconv\fP and \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP options are specified and the
++ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP filenames are being sent from one host to another, the
++ filenames will be translated from the sending host\(cq\&s charset to the
++ receiving host\(cq\&s charset.
++ .IP
++ NOTE: sorting the list of files in the \-\-files\-from input helps rsync to be
++ more efficient, as it will avoid re\-visiting the path elements that are shared
++ between adjacent entries. If the input is not sorted, some path elements
++ (implied directories) may end up being scanned multiple times, and rsync will
++ eventually unduplicate them after they get turned into file\-list elements.
++ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-0, \-\-from0\fP"
+ This tells rsync that the rules/filenames it reads from a
+! file are terminated by a null (\(cq\&\e0\(cq\&) character, not a NL, CR, or CR+LF.
+ This affects \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP, \fB\-\-include\-from\fP, \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, and any
+ merged files specified in a \fB\-\-filter\fP rule.
+ It does not affect \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (since all names read from a .cvsignore
+ file are split on whitespace).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-s, \-\-protect\-args\fP"
+! This option sends all filenames and most options to
+ the remote rsync without allowing the remote shell to interpret them. This
+! means that spaces are not split in names, and any non\-wildcard special
+ characters are not translated (such as ~, $, ;, &, etc.). Wildcards are
+ expanded on the remote host by rsync (instead of the shell doing it).
+ .IP
+! If you use this option with \fB\-\-iconv\fP, the args related to the remote
+! side will also be translated
+! from the local to the remote character\-set. The translation happens before
+! wild\-cards are expanded. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR\fP"
+ This option instructs rsync to use DIR as a
+***************
+*** 1706,1730 ****
+ If you are using this option for reasons other than a shortage of disk
+ space, you may wish to combine it with the \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP option,
+ which will ensure that all copied files get put into subdirectories in the
+! destination hierarchy, awaiting the end of the transfer. If you don't
+ have enough room to duplicate all the arriving files on the destination
+! partition, another way to tell rsync that you aren't overly concerned
+ about disk space is to use the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option with a relative
+ path; because this tells rsync that it is OK to stash off a copy of a
+ single file in a subdir in the destination hierarchy, rsync will use the
+! partial-dir as a staging area to bring over the copied file, and then
+ rename it into place from there. (Specifying a \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP with
+! an absolute path does not have this side-effect.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-y, \-\-fuzzy\fP"
+ This option tells rsync that it should look for a
+ basis file for any destination file that is missing. The current algorithm
+ looks in the same directory as the destination file for either a file that
+! has an identical size and modified-time, or a similarly-named file. If
+ found, rsync uses the fuzzy basis file to try to speed up the transfer.
+ .IP
+ Note that the use of the \fB\-\-delete\fP option might get rid of any potential
+! fuzzy-match files, so either use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP or specify some
+ filename exclusions if you need to prevent this.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-compare\-dest=DIR\fP"
+--- 1769,1793 ----
+ If you are using this option for reasons other than a shortage of disk
+ space, you may wish to combine it with the \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP option,
+ which will ensure that all copied files get put into subdirectories in the
+! destination hierarchy, awaiting the end of the transfer. If you don\(cq\&t
+ have enough room to duplicate all the arriving files on the destination
+! partition, another way to tell rsync that you aren\(cq\&t overly concerned
+ about disk space is to use the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option with a relative
+ path; because this tells rsync that it is OK to stash off a copy of a
+ single file in a subdir in the destination hierarchy, rsync will use the
+! partial\-dir as a staging area to bring over the copied file, and then
+ rename it into place from there. (Specifying a \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP with
+! an absolute path does not have this side\-effect.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-y, \-\-fuzzy\fP"
+ This option tells rsync that it should look for a
+ basis file for any destination file that is missing. The current algorithm
+ looks in the same directory as the destination file for either a file that
+! has an identical size and modified\-time, or a similarly\-named file. If
+ found, rsync uses the fuzzy basis file to try to speed up the transfer.
+ .IP
+ Note that the use of the \fB\-\-delete\fP option might get rid of any potential
+! fuzzy\-match files, so either use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP or specify some
+ filename exclusions if you need to prevent this.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-compare\-dest=DIR\fP"
+***************
+*** 1732,1738 ****
+ the destination machine as an additional hierarchy to compare destination
+ files against doing transfers (if the files are missing in the destination
+ directory). If a file is found in \fIDIR\fP that is identical to the
+! sender's file, the file will NOT be transferred to the destination
+ directory. This is useful for creating a sparse backup of just files that
+ have changed from an earlier backup.
+ .IP
+--- 1795,1801 ----
+ the destination machine as an additional hierarchy to compare destination
+ files against doing transfers (if the files are missing in the destination
+ directory). If a file is found in \fIDIR\fP that is identical to the
+! sender\(cq\&s file, the file will NOT be transferred to the destination
+ directory. This is useful for creating a sparse backup of just files that
+ have changed from an earlier backup.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1752,1758 ****
+ rsync will also copy unchanged files found in \fIDIR\fP to the destination
+ directory using a local copy.
+ This is useful for doing transfers to a new destination while leaving
+! existing files intact, and then doing a flash-cutover when all files have
+ been successfully transferred.
+ .IP
+ Multiple \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP directories may be provided, which will cause
+--- 1815,1821 ----
+ rsync will also copy unchanged files found in \fIDIR\fP to the destination
+ directory using a local copy.
+ This is useful for doing transfers to a new destination while leaving
+! existing files intact, and then doing a flash\-cutover when all files have
+ been successfully transferred.
+ .IP
+ Multiple \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP directories may be provided, which will cause
+***************
+*** 1775,1784 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! If file's aren't linking, double-check their attributes. Also check if some
+! attributes are getting forced outside of rsync's control, such a mount option
+ that squishes root to a single user, or mounts a removable drive with generic
+! ownership (such as OS X's \(lqIgnore ownership on this volume\(rq option).
+ .IP
+ Beginning in version 2.6.4, multiple \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directories may be
+ provided, which will cause rsync to search the list in the order specified
+--- 1838,1847 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! If file\(cq\&s aren\(cq\&t linking, double\-check their attributes. Also check if some
+! attributes are getting forced outside of rsync\(cq\&s control, such a mount option
+ that squishes root to a single user, or mounts a removable drive with generic
+! ownership (such as OS X\(cq\&s \(dq\&Ignore ownership on this volume\(dq\& option).
+ .IP
+ Beginning in version 2.6.4, multiple \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directories may be
+ provided, which will cause rsync to search the list in the order specified
+***************
+*** 1789,1797 ****
+ selected to try to speed up the transfer.
+ .IP
+ This option works best when copying into an empty destination hierarchy, as
+! rsync treats existing files as definitive (so it never looks in the link-dest
+ dirs when a destination file already exists), and as malleable (so it might
+! change the attributes of a destination file, which affects all the hard-linked
+ versions).
+ .IP
+ Note that if you combine this option with \fB\-\-ignore\-times\fP, rsync will not
+--- 1852,1860 ----
+ selected to try to speed up the transfer.
+ .IP
+ This option works best when copying into an empty destination hierarchy, as
+! rsync treats existing files as definitive (so it never looks in the link\-dest
+ dirs when a destination file already exists), and as malleable (so it might
+! change the attributes of a destination file, which affects all the hard\-linked
+ versions).
+ .IP
+ Note that if you combine this option with \fB\-\-ignore\-times\fP, rsync will not
+***************
+*** 1803,1816 ****
+ See also \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP and \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync versions prior to 2.6.1 had a bug that could prevent
+! \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP from working properly for a non-super-user when \fB\-o\fP was
+! specified (or implied by \fB\-a\fP). You can work-around this bug by avoiding
+ the \fB\-o\fP option when sending to an old rsync.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-z, \-\-compress\fP"
+ With this option, rsync compresses the file data
+ as it is sent to the destination machine, which reduces the amount of data
+! being transmitted \(em something that is useful over a slow connection.
+ .IP
+ Note that this option typically achieves better compression ratios than can
+ be achieved by using a compressing remote shell or a compressing transport
+--- 1866,1879 ----
+ See also \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP and \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync versions prior to 2.6.1 had a bug that could prevent
+! \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP from working properly for a non\-super\-user when \fB\-o\fP was
+! specified (or implied by \fB\-a\fP). You can work\-around this bug by avoiding
+ the \fB\-o\fP option when sending to an old rsync.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-z, \-\-compress\fP"
+ With this option, rsync compresses the file data
+ as it is sent to the destination machine, which reduces the amount of data
+! being transmitted \-\- something that is useful over a slow connection.
+ .IP
+ Note that this option typically achieves better compression ratios than can
+ be achieved by using a compressing remote shell or a compressing transport
+***************
+*** 1822,1828 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-level=NUM\fP"
+ Explicitly set the compression level to use
+! (see \fB\-\-compress\fP) instead of letting it default. If NUM is non-zero,
+ the \fB\-\-compress\fP option is implied.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-skip\-compress=LIST\fP"
+--- 1885,1891 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-level=NUM\fP"
+ Explicitly set the compression level to use
+! (see \fB\-\-compress\fP) instead of letting it default. If NUM is non\-zero,
+ the \fB\-\-compress\fP option is implied.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-skip\-compress=LIST\fP"
+***************
+*** 1832,1844 ****
+ .IP
+ You may specify an empty string to indicate that no file should be skipped.
+ .IP
+! Simple character-class matching is supported: each must consist of a list
+ of letters inside the square brackets (e.g. no special classes, such as
+! \(lq[:alpha:]\(rq, are supported).
+ .IP
+! The characters asterisk (*) and question-mark (?) have no special meaning.
+ .IP
+! Here's an example that specifies 6 suffixes to skip (since 1 of the 5 rules
+ matches 2 suffixes):
+ .IP
+ .nf
+--- 1895,1907 ----
+ .IP
+ You may specify an empty string to indicate that no file should be skipped.
+ .IP
+! Simple character\-class matching is supported: each must consist of a list
+ of letters inside the square brackets (e.g. no special classes, such as
+! \(dq\&[:alpha:]\(dq\&, are supported, and \(cq\&\-\(cq\& has no special meaning).
+ .IP
+! The characters asterisk (*) and question\-mark (?) have no special meaning.
+ .IP
+! Here\(cq\&s an example that specifies 6 suffixes to skip (since 1 of the 5 rules
+ matches 2 suffixes):
+ .IP
+ .nf
+***************
+*** 1846,1862 ****
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+! The default list of suffixes that will not be compressed is this (several
+! of these are newly added for 3.0.0):
+ .IP
+! .nf
+! gz/zip/z/rpm/deb/iso/bz2/t[gb]z/7z/mp[34]/mov/avi/ogg/jpg/jpeg
+! .fi
+!
+ .IP
+ This list will be replaced by your \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP list in all but one
+ situation: a copy from a daemon rsync will add your skipped suffixes to
+! its list of non-compressing files (and its list may be configured to a
+ different default).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP"
+--- 1909,1938 ----
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+! The default list of suffixes that will not be compressed is this (in this
+! version of rsync):
+ .IP
+! \fB7z\fP
+! \fBavi\fP
+! \fBbz2\fP
+! \fBdeb\fP
+! \fBgz\fP
+! \fBiso\fP
+! \fBjpeg\fP
+! \fBjpg\fP
+! \fBmov\fP
+! \fBmp3\fP
+! \fBmp4\fP
+! \fBogg\fP
+! \fBrpm\fP
+! \fBtbz\fP
+! \fBtgz\fP
+! \fBz\fP
+! \fBzip\fP
+ .IP
+ This list will be replaced by your \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP list in all but one
+ situation: a copy from a daemon rsync will add your skipped suffixes to
+! its list of non\-compressing files (and its list may be configured to a
+ different default).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP"
+***************
+*** 1872,1879 ****
+ If a user or group has no name on the source system or it has no match
+ on the destination system, then the numeric ID
+ from the source system is used instead. See also the comments on the
+! \(lquse chroot\(rq setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage for information on how
+! the chroot setting affects rsync's ability to look up the names of the
+ users and groups and what you can do about it.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-timeout=TIMEOUT\fP"
+--- 1948,1955 ----
+ If a user or group has no name on the source system or it has no match
+ on the destination system, then the numeric ID
+ from the source system is used instead. See also the comments on the
+! \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage for information on how
+! the chroot setting affects rsync\(cq\&s ability to look up the names of the
+ users and groups and what you can do about it.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-timeout=TIMEOUT\fP"
+***************
+*** 1895,1901 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+ This specifies an alternate TCP port number to use
+ rather than the default of 873. This is only needed if you are using the
+! double-colon (::) syntax to connect with an rsync daemon (since the URL
+ syntax has a way to specify the port as a part of the URL). See also this
+ option in the \fB\-\-daemon\fP mode section.
+ .IP
+--- 1971,1977 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+ This specifies an alternate TCP port number to use
+ rather than the default of 873. This is only needed if you are using the
+! double\-colon (::) syntax to connect with an rsync daemon (since the URL
+ syntax has a way to specify the port as a part of the URL). See also this
+ option in the \fB\-\-daemon\fP mode section.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1915,1935 ****
+ This tells rsync to use blocking I/O when launching
+ a remote shell transport. If the remote shell is either rsh or remsh,
+ rsync defaults to using
+! blocking I/O, otherwise it defaults to using non-blocking I/O. (Note that
+! ssh prefers non-blocking I/O.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP"
+ Requests a simple itemized list of the
+ changes that are being made to each file, including attribute changes.
+! This is exactly the same as specifying \fB\-\-out\-format='%i %n%L'\fP.
+ If you repeat the option, unchanged files will also be output, but only
+ if the receiving rsync is at least version 2.6.7 (you can use \fB\-vv\fP
+ with older versions of rsync, but that also turns on the output of other
+ verbose messages).
+ .IP
+! The \(lq%i\(rq escape has a cryptic output that is 11 letters long. The general
+ format is like the string \fBYXcstpoguax\fP, where \fBY\fP is replaced by the
+! type of update being done, \fBX\fP is replaced by the file-type, and the
+ other letters represent attributes that may be output if they are being
+ modified.
+ .IP
+--- 1991,2011 ----
+ This tells rsync to use blocking I/O when launching
+ a remote shell transport. If the remote shell is either rsh or remsh,
+ rsync defaults to using
+! blocking I/O, otherwise it defaults to using non\-blocking I/O. (Note that
+! ssh prefers non\-blocking I/O.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP"
+ Requests a simple itemized list of the
+ changes that are being made to each file, including attribute changes.
+! This is exactly the same as specifying \fB\-\-out\-format='\&%i %n%L'\&\fP.
+ If you repeat the option, unchanged files will also be output, but only
+ if the receiving rsync is at least version 2.6.7 (you can use \fB\-vv\fP
+ with older versions of rsync, but that also turns on the output of other
+ verbose messages).
+ .IP
+! The \(dq\&%i\(dq\& escape has a cryptic output that is 11 letters long. The general
+ format is like the string \fBYXcstpoguax\fP, where \fBY\fP is replaced by the
+! type of update being done, \fBX\fP is replaced by the file\-type, and the
+ other letters represent attributes that may be output if they are being
+ modified.
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1952,1972 ****
+ A \fB.\fP means that the item is not being updated (though it might
+ have attributes that are being modified).
+ .IP o
+! A \fB*\fP means that the rest of the itemized-output area contains
+! a message (e.g. \(lqdeleting\(rq).
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! The file-types that replace the \fBX\fP are: \fBf\fP for a file, a \fBd\fP for a
+ directory, an \fBL\fP for a symlink, a \fBD\fP for a device, and a \fBS\fP for a
+ special file (e.g. named sockets and fifos).
+ .IP
+ The other letters in the string above are the actual letters that
+ will be output if the associated attribute for the item is being updated or
+! a \(lq.\(rq for no change. Three exceptions to this are: (1) a newly created
+! item replaces each letter with a \(lq+\(rq, (2) an identical item replaces the
+ dots with spaces, and (3) an unknown attribute replaces each letter with
+! a \(lq?\(rq (this can happen when talking to an older rsync).
+ .IP
+ The attribute that is associated with each letter is as follows:
+ .IP
+--- 2028,2048 ----
+ A \fB.\fP means that the item is not being updated (though it might
+ have attributes that are being modified).
+ .IP o
+! A \fB*\fP means that the rest of the itemized\-output area contains
+! a message (e.g. \(dq\&deleting\(dq\&).
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! The file\-types that replace the \fBX\fP are: \fBf\fP for a file, a \fBd\fP for a
+ directory, an \fBL\fP for a symlink, a \fBD\fP for a device, and a \fBS\fP for a
+ special file (e.g. named sockets and fifos).
+ .IP
+ The other letters in the string above are the actual letters that
+ will be output if the associated attribute for the item is being updated or
+! a \(dq\&.\(dq\& for no change. Three exceptions to this are: (1) a newly created
+! item replaces each letter with a \(dq\&+\(dq\&, (2) an identical item replaces the
+ dots with spaces, and (3) an unknown attribute replaces each letter with
+! a \(dq\&?\(dq\& (this can happen when talking to an older rsync).
+ .IP
+ The attribute that is associated with each letter is as follows:
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 1976,2002 ****
+ (requires \fB\-\-checksum\fP) or that a symlink, device, or special file has
+ a changed value.
+ Note that if you are sending files to an rsync prior to 3.0.1, this
+! change flag will be present only for checksum-differing regular files.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBs\fP means the size of a regular file is different and will be updated
+ by the file transfer.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBt\fP means the modification time is different and is being updated
+! to the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-times\fP). An alternate value of \fBT\fP
+ means that the modification time will be set to the transfer time, which happens
+ when a file/symlink/device is updated without \fB\-\-times\fP and when a
+! symlink is changed and the receiver can't set its time.
+ (Note: when using an rsync 3.0.0 client, you might see the \fBs\fP flag combined
+! with \fBt\fP instead of the proper \fBT\fP flag for this time-setting failure.)
+ .IP o
+ A \fBp\fP means the permissions are different and are being updated to
+! the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-perms\fP).
+ .IP o
+ An \fBo\fP means the owner is different and is being updated to the
+! sender's value (requires \fB\-\-owner\fP and super-user privileges).
+ .IP o
+ A \fBg\fP means the group is different and is being updated to the
+! sender's value (requires \fB\-\-group\fP and the authority to set the group).
+ .IP o
+ The \fBu\fP slot is reserved for future use.
+ .IP o
+--- 2052,2078 ----
+ (requires \fB\-\-checksum\fP) or that a symlink, device, or special file has
+ a changed value.
+ Note that if you are sending files to an rsync prior to 3.0.1, this
+! change flag will be present only for checksum\-differing regular files.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBs\fP means the size of a regular file is different and will be updated
+ by the file transfer.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBt\fP means the modification time is different and is being updated
+! to the sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-times\fP). An alternate value of \fBT\fP
+ means that the modification time will be set to the transfer time, which happens
+ when a file/symlink/device is updated without \fB\-\-times\fP and when a
+! symlink is changed and the receiver can\(cq\&t set its time.
+ (Note: when using an rsync 3.0.0 client, you might see the \fBs\fP flag combined
+! with \fBt\fP instead of the proper \fBT\fP flag for this time\-setting failure.)
+ .IP o
+ A \fBp\fP means the permissions are different and are being updated to
+! the sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-perms\fP).
+ .IP o
+ An \fBo\fP means the owner is different and is being updated to the
+! sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-owner\fP and super\-user privileges).
+ .IP o
+ A \fBg\fP means the group is different and is being updated to the
+! sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-group\fP and the authority to set the group).
+ .IP o
+ The \fBu\fP slot is reserved for future use.
+ .IP o
+***************
+*** 2006,2055 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! One other output is possible: when deleting files, the \(lq%i\(rq will output
+! the string \(lq*deleting\(rq for each item that is being removed (assuming that
+ you are talking to a recent enough rsync that it logs deletions instead of
+ outputting them as a verbose message).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-out\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This allows you to specify exactly what the
+! rsync client outputs to the user on a per-update basis. The format is a
+! text string containing embedded single-character escape sequences prefixed
+! with a percent (%) character. A default format of \(lq%n%L\(rq is assumed if
+ \fB\-v\fP is specified (which reports the name
+ of the file and, if the item is a link, where it points). For a full list
+! of the possible escape characters, see the \(lqlog format\(rq setting in the
+ rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ Specifying the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option
+ will mention each file, dir, etc. that gets updated in a significant
+ way (a transferred file, a recreated symlink/device, or a touched
+! directory). In addition, if the itemize-changes escape (%i) is included in
+ the string (e.g. if the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option was used), the logging
+ of names increases to mention any item that is changed in any way (as long
+ as the receiving side is at least 2.6.4). See the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP
+! option for a description of the output of \(lq%i\(rq.
+ .IP
+! Rsync will output the out-format string prior to a file's transfer unless
+! one of the transfer-statistic escapes is requested, in which case the
+! logging is done at the end of the file's transfer. When this late logging
+ is in effect and \fB\-\-progress\fP is also specified, rsync will also output
+ the name of the file being transferred prior to its progress information
+! (followed, of course, by the out-format output).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to log what it is doing
+ to a file. This is similar to the logging that a daemon does, but can be
+! requested for the client side and/or the server side of a non-daemon
+ transfer. If specified as a client option, transfer logging will be
+! enabled with a default format of \(lq%i %n%L\(rq. See the \fB\-\-log\-file\-format\fP
+ option if you wish to override this.
+ .IP
+! Here's a example command that requests the remote side to log what is
+ happening:
+ .IP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path="rsync \-\-log\-file=/tmp/rlog" src/ dest/
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+--- 2082,2131 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! One other output is possible: when deleting files, the \(dq\&%i\(dq\& will output
+! the string \(dq\&*deleting\(dq\& for each item that is being removed (assuming that
+ you are talking to a recent enough rsync that it logs deletions instead of
+ outputting them as a verbose message).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-out\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This allows you to specify exactly what the
+! rsync client outputs to the user on a per\-update basis. The format is a
+! text string containing embedded single\-character escape sequences prefixed
+! with a percent (%) character. A default format of \(dq\&%n%L\(dq\& is assumed if
+ \fB\-v\fP is specified (which reports the name
+ of the file and, if the item is a link, where it points). For a full list
+! of the possible escape characters, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting in the
+ rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ Specifying the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option
+ will mention each file, dir, etc. that gets updated in a significant
+ way (a transferred file, a recreated symlink/device, or a touched
+! directory). In addition, if the itemize\-changes escape (%i) is included in
+ the string (e.g. if the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option was used), the logging
+ of names increases to mention any item that is changed in any way (as long
+ as the receiving side is at least 2.6.4). See the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP
+! option for a description of the output of \(dq\&%i\(dq\&.
+ .IP
+! Rsync will output the out\-format string prior to a file\(cq\&s transfer unless
+! one of the transfer\-statistic escapes is requested, in which case the
+! logging is done at the end of the file\(cq\&s transfer. When this late logging
+ is in effect and \fB\-\-progress\fP is also specified, rsync will also output
+ the name of the file being transferred prior to its progress information
+! (followed, of course, by the out\-format output).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to log what it is doing
+ to a file. This is similar to the logging that a daemon does, but can be
+! requested for the client side and/or the server side of a non\-daemon
+ transfer. If specified as a client option, transfer logging will be
+! enabled with a default format of \(dq\&%i %n%L\(dq\&. See the \fB\-\-log\-file\-format\fP
+ option if you wish to override this.
+ .IP
+! Here\(cq\&s a example command that requests the remote side to log what is
+ happening:
+ .IP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&rsync \-\-log\-file=/tmp/rlog\(dq\& src/ dest/
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 2058,2085 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This allows you to specify exactly what
+! per-update logging is put into the file specified by the \fB\-\-log\-file\fP option
+ (which must also be specified for this option to have any effect). If you
+ specify an empty string, updated files will not be mentioned in the log file.
+! For a list of the possible escape characters, see the \(lqlog format\(rq setting
+ in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ The default FORMAT used if \fB\-\-log\-file\fP is specified and this option is not
+! is '%i %n%L'.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-stats\fP"
+ This tells rsync to print a verbose set of statistics
+! on the file transfer, allowing you to tell how effective rsync's delta-transfer
+ algorithm is for your data.
+ .IP
+ The current statistics are as follows:
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+! \fBNumber of files\fP is the count of all \(lqfiles\(rq (in the generic
+ sense), which includes directories, symlinks, etc.
+ .IP o
+ \fBNumber of files transferred\fP is the count of normal files that
+! were updated via rsync's delta-transfer algorithm, which does not include created
+ dirs, symlinks, etc.
+ .IP o
+ \fBTotal file size\fP is the total sum of all file sizes in the transfer.
+--- 2134,2161 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This allows you to specify exactly what
+! per\-update logging is put into the file specified by the \fB\-\-log\-file\fP option
+ (which must also be specified for this option to have any effect). If you
+ specify an empty string, updated files will not be mentioned in the log file.
+! For a list of the possible escape characters, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting
+ in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ The default FORMAT used if \fB\-\-log\-file\fP is specified and this option is not
+! is \(cq\&%i %n%L\(cq\&.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-stats\fP"
+ This tells rsync to print a verbose set of statistics
+! on the file transfer, allowing you to tell how effective rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer
+ algorithm is for your data.
+ .IP
+ The current statistics are as follows:
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+! \fBNumber of files\fP is the count of all \(dq\&files\(dq\& (in the generic
+ sense), which includes directories, symlinks, etc.
+ .IP o
+ \fBNumber of files transferred\fP is the count of normal files that
+! were updated via rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm, which does not include created
+ dirs, symlinks, etc.
+ .IP o
+ \fBTotal file size\fP is the total sum of all file sizes in the transfer.
+***************
+*** 2089,2102 ****
+ \fBTotal transferred file size\fP is the total sum of all files sizes
+ for just the transferred files.
+ .IP o
+! \fBLiteral data\fP is how much unmatched file-update data we had to
+ send to the receiver for it to recreate the updated files.
+ .IP o
+ \fBMatched data\fP is how much data the receiver got locally when
+ recreating the updated files.
+ .IP o
+! \fBFile list size\fP is how big the file-list data was when the sender
+! sent it to the receiver. This is smaller than the in-memory size for the
+ file list due to some compressing of duplicated data when rsync sends the
+ list.
+ .IP o
+--- 2165,2178 ----
+ \fBTotal transferred file size\fP is the total sum of all files sizes
+ for just the transferred files.
+ .IP o
+! \fBLiteral data\fP is how much unmatched file\-update data we had to
+ send to the receiver for it to recreate the updated files.
+ .IP o
+ \fBMatched data\fP is how much data the receiver got locally when
+ recreating the updated files.
+ .IP o
+! \fBFile list size\fP is how big the file\-list data was when the sender
+! sent it to the receiver. This is smaller than the in\-memory size for the
+ file list due to some compressing of duplicated data when rsync sends the
+ list.
+ .IP o
+***************
+*** 2110,2136 ****
+ \fBTotal bytes sent\fP is the count of all the bytes that rsync sent
+ from the client side to the server side.
+ .IP o
+! \fBTotal bytes received\fP is the count of all non-message bytes that
+! rsync received by the client side from the server side. \(lqNon-message\(rq
+! bytes means that we don't count the bytes for a verbose message that the
+ server sent to us, which makes the stats more consistent.
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output\fP"
+! This tells rsync to leave all high-bit characters
+! unescaped in the output instead of trying to test them to see if they're
+ valid in the current locale and escaping the invalid ones. All control
+! characters (but never tabs) are always escaped, regardless of this option's
+ setting.
+ .IP
+ The escape idiom that started in 2.6.7 is to output a literal backslash (\e)
+ and a hash (#), followed by exactly 3 octal digits. For example, a newline
+! would output as \(lq\e#012\(rq. A literal backslash that is in a filename is not
+ escaped unless it is followed by a hash and 3 digits (0\-9).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-h, \-\-human\-readable\fP"
+! Output numbers in a more human-readable format.
+ This makes big numbers output using larger units, with a K, M, or G suffix. If
+ this option was specified once, these units are K (1000), M (1000*1000), and
+ G (1000*1000*1000); if the option is repeated, the units are powers of 1024
+--- 2186,2212 ----
+ \fBTotal bytes sent\fP is the count of all the bytes that rsync sent
+ from the client side to the server side.
+ .IP o
+! \fBTotal bytes received\fP is the count of all non\-message bytes that
+! rsync received by the client side from the server side. \(dq\&Non\-message\(dq\&
+! bytes means that we don\(cq\&t count the bytes for a verbose message that the
+ server sent to us, which makes the stats more consistent.
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output\fP"
+! This tells rsync to leave all high\-bit characters
+! unescaped in the output instead of trying to test them to see if they\(cq\&re
+ valid in the current locale and escaping the invalid ones. All control
+! characters (but never tabs) are always escaped, regardless of this option\(cq\&s
+ setting.
+ .IP
+ The escape idiom that started in 2.6.7 is to output a literal backslash (\e)
+ and a hash (#), followed by exactly 3 octal digits. For example, a newline
+! would output as \(dq\&\e#012\(dq\&. A literal backslash that is in a filename is not
+ escaped unless it is followed by a hash and 3 digits (0\-9).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-h, \-\-human\-readable\fP"
+! Output numbers in a more human\-readable format.
+ This makes big numbers output using larger units, with a K, M, or G suffix. If
+ this option was specified once, these units are K (1000), M (1000*1000), and
+ G (1000*1000*1000); if the option is repeated, the units are powers of 1024
+***************
+*** 2151,2189 ****
+ dir as data to speed up the resumption of the transfer and then delete it
+ after it has served its purpose.
+ .IP
+! Note that if \fB\-\-whole\-file\fP is specified (or implied), any partial-dir
+ file that is found for a file that is being updated will simply be removed
+ (since
+! rsync is sending files without using rsync's delta-transfer algorithm).
+ .IP
+! Rsync will create the \fIDIR\fP if it is missing (just the last dir \(em not
+ the whole path). This makes it easy to use a relative path (such as
+! \(lq\fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-partial\fP\(rq) to have rsync create the
+! partial-directory in the destination file's directory when needed, and then
+ remove it again when the partial file is deleted.
+ .IP
+! If the partial-dir value is not an absolute path, rsync will add an exclude
+ rule at the end of all your existing excludes. This will prevent the
+! sending of any partial-dir files that may exist on the sending side, and
+! will also prevent the untimely deletion of partial-dir items on the
+ receiving side. An example: the above \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option would add
+! the equivalent of \(lq\fB\-f '\-p .rsync\-partial/'\fP\(rq at the end of any other
+ filter rules.
+ .IP
+ If you are supplying your own exclude rules, you may need to add your own
+! exclude/hide/protect rule for the partial-dir because (1) the auto-added
+ rule may be ineffective at the end of your other rules, or (2) you may wish
+! to override rsync's exclude choice. For instance, if you want to make
+! rsync clean-up any left-over partial-dirs that may be lying around, you
+! should specify \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP and add a \(lqrisk\(rq filter rule, e.g.
+! \fB\-f 'R .rsync\-partial/'\fP. (Avoid using \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP or
+! \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP unless you don't need rsync to use any of the
+! left-over partial-dir data during the current run.)
+ .IP
+ IMPORTANT: the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP should not be writable by other users or it
+! is a security risk. E.g. AVOID \(lq/tmp\(rq.
+ .IP
+! You can also set the partial-dir value the RSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR environment
+ variable. Setting this in the environment does not force \fB\-\-partial\fP to be
+ enabled, but rather it affects where partial files go when \fB\-\-partial\fP is
+ specified. For instance, instead of using \fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-tmp\fP
+--- 2227,2265 ----
+ dir as data to speed up the resumption of the transfer and then delete it
+ after it has served its purpose.
+ .IP
+! Note that if \fB\-\-whole\-file\fP is specified (or implied), any partial\-dir
+ file that is found for a file that is being updated will simply be removed
+ (since
+! rsync is sending files without using rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm).
+ .IP
+! Rsync will create the \fIDIR\fP if it is missing (just the last dir \-\- not
+ the whole path). This makes it easy to use a relative path (such as
+! \(dq\&\fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-partial\fP\(dq\&) to have rsync create the
+! partial\-directory in the destination file\(cq\&s directory when needed, and then
+ remove it again when the partial file is deleted.
+ .IP
+! If the partial\-dir value is not an absolute path, rsync will add an exclude
+ rule at the end of all your existing excludes. This will prevent the
+! sending of any partial\-dir files that may exist on the sending side, and
+! will also prevent the untimely deletion of partial\-dir items on the
+ receiving side. An example: the above \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option would add
+! the equivalent of \(dq\&\fB\-f '\&\-p .rsync\-partial/'\&\fP\(dq\& at the end of any other
+ filter rules.
+ .IP
+ If you are supplying your own exclude rules, you may need to add your own
+! exclude/hide/protect rule for the partial\-dir because (1) the auto\-added
+ rule may be ineffective at the end of your other rules, or (2) you may wish
+! to override rsync\(cq\&s exclude choice. For instance, if you want to make
+! rsync clean\-up any left\-over partial\-dirs that may be lying around, you
+! should specify \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP and add a \(dq\&risk\(dq\& filter rule, e.g.
+! \fB\-f '\&R .rsync\-partial/'\&\fP. (Avoid using \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP or
+! \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP unless you don\(cq\&t need rsync to use any of the
+! left\-over partial\-dir data during the current run.)
+ .IP
+ IMPORTANT: the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP should not be writable by other users or it
+! is a security risk. E.g. AVOID \(dq\&/tmp\(dq\&.
+ .IP
+! You can also set the partial\-dir value the RSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR environment
+ variable. Setting this in the environment does not force \fB\-\-partial\fP to be
+ enabled, but rather it affects where partial files go when \fB\-\-partial\fP is
+ specified. For instance, instead of using \fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-tmp\fP
+***************
+*** 2194,2200 ****
+ specified (since \fB\-\-inplace\fP conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP), and (2) when
+ \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP was specified (see below).
+ .IP
+! For the purposes of the daemon-config's \(lqrefuse options\(rq setting,
+ \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP does \fInot\fP imply \fB\-\-partial\fP. This is so that a
+ refusal of the \fB\-\-partial\fP option can be used to disallow the overwriting
+ of destination files with a partial transfer, while still allowing the
+--- 2270,2276 ----
+ specified (since \fB\-\-inplace\fP conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP), and (2) when
+ \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP was specified (see below).
+ .IP
+! For the purposes of the daemon\-config\(cq\&s \(dq\&refuse options\(dq\& setting,
+ \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP does \fInot\fP imply \fB\-\-partial\fP. This is so that a
+ refusal of the \fB\-\-partial\fP option can be used to disallow the overwriting
+ of destination files with a partial transfer, while still allowing the
+***************
+*** 2205,2216 ****
+ updated file into a holding directory until the end of the
+ transfer, at which time all the files are renamed into place in rapid
+ succession. This attempts to make the updating of the files a little more
+! atomic. By default the files are placed into a directory named \(lq.~tmp~\(rq in
+! each file's destination directory, but if you've specified the
+ \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option, that directory will be used instead. See the
+ comments in the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP section for a discussion of how this
+! \(lq.~tmp~\(rq dir will be excluded from the transfer, and what you can do if
+! you want rsync to cleanup old \(lq.~tmp~\(rq dirs that might be lying around.
+ Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP and \fB\-\-append\fP.
+ .IP
+ This option uses more memory on the receiving side (one bit per file
+--- 2281,2292 ----
+ updated file into a holding directory until the end of the
+ transfer, at which time all the files are renamed into place in rapid
+ succession. This attempts to make the updating of the files a little more
+! atomic. By default the files are placed into a directory named \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& in
+! each file\(cq\&s destination directory, but if you\(cq\&ve specified the
+ \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option, that directory will be used instead. See the
+ comments in the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP section for a discussion of how this
+! \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& dir will be excluded from the transfer, and what you can do if
+! you want rsync to cleanup old \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& dirs that might be lying around.
+ Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP and \fB\-\-append\fP.
+ .IP
+ This option uses more memory on the receiving side (one bit per file
+***************
+*** 2222,2237 ****
+ the updated files will be put into a single directory if the path is
+ absolute)
+ and (2) there are no mount points in the hierarchy (since the
+! delayed updates will fail if they can't be renamed into place).
+ .IP
+! See also the \(lqatomic-rsync\(rq perl script in the \(lqsupport\(rq subdir for an
+ update algorithm that is even more atomic (it uses \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP and a
+ parallel hierarchy of files).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP"
+ This option tells the receiving rsync to get
+! rid of empty directories from the file-list, including nested directories
+! that have no non-directory children. This is useful for avoiding the
+ creation of a bunch of useless directories when the sending rsync is
+ recursively scanning a hierarchy of files using include/exclude/filter
+ rules.
+--- 2298,2313 ----
+ the updated files will be put into a single directory if the path is
+ absolute)
+ and (2) there are no mount points in the hierarchy (since the
+! delayed updates will fail if they can\(cq\&t be renamed into place).
+ .IP
+! See also the \(dq\&atomic\-rsync\(dq\& perl script in the \(dq\&support\(dq\& subdir for an
+ update algorithm that is even more atomic (it uses \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP and a
+ parallel hierarchy of files).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP"
+ This option tells the receiving rsync to get
+! rid of empty directories from the file\-list, including nested directories
+! that have no non\-directory children. This is useful for avoiding the
+ creation of a bunch of useless directories when the sending rsync is
+ recursively scanning a hierarchy of files using include/exclude/filter
+ rules.
+***************
+*** 2240,2280 ****
+ not affect what goes into the file list, and thus does not leave directories
+ empty, even if none of the files in a directory match the transfer rule.
+ .IP
+! Because the file-list is actually being pruned, this option also affects
+ what directories get deleted when a delete is active. However, keep in
+ mind that excluded files and directories can prevent existing items from
+ being deleted due to an exclude both hiding source files and protecting
+! destination files. See the perishable filter-rule option for how to avoid
+ this.
+ .IP
+! You can prevent the pruning of certain empty directories from the file-list
+! by using a global \(lqprotect\(rq filter. For instance, this option would ensure
+! that the directory \(lqemptydir\(rq was kept in the file-list:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \-\-filter 'protect emptydir/'
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! Here's an example that copies all .pdf files in a hierarchy, only creating
+ the necessary destination directories to hold the .pdf files, and ensures
+ that any superfluous files and directories in the destination are removed
+! (note the hide filter of non-directories being used instead of an exclude):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! rsync \-avm \-\-del \-\-include='*.pdf' \-f 'hide,! */' src/ dest
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! If you didn't want to remove superfluous destination files, the more
+! time-honored options of \(lq\fB\-\-include='*/' \-\-exclude='*'\fP\(rq would work fine
+! in place of the hide-filter (if that is more natural to you).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-progress\fP"
+ This option tells rsync to print information
+ showing the progress of the transfer. This gives a bored user
+ something to watch.
+! Implies \fB\-\-verbose\fP if it wasn't already specified.
+ .IP
+ While rsync is transferring a regular file, it updates a progress line that
+ looks like this:
+--- 2316,2356 ----
+ not affect what goes into the file list, and thus does not leave directories
+ empty, even if none of the files in a directory match the transfer rule.
+ .IP
+! Because the file\-list is actually being pruned, this option also affects
+ what directories get deleted when a delete is active. However, keep in
+ mind that excluded files and directories can prevent existing items from
+ being deleted due to an exclude both hiding source files and protecting
+! destination files. See the perishable filter\-rule option for how to avoid
+ this.
+ .IP
+! You can prevent the pruning of certain empty directories from the file\-list
+! by using a global \(dq\&protect\(dq\& filter. For instance, this option would ensure
+! that the directory \(dq\&emptydir\(dq\& was kept in the file\-list:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! \-\-filter \(cq\&protect emptydir/\(cq\&
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! Here\(cq\&s an example that copies all .pdf files in a hierarchy, only creating
+ the necessary destination directories to hold the .pdf files, and ensures
+ that any superfluous files and directories in the destination are removed
+! (note the hide filter of non\-directories being used instead of an exclude):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+! rsync \-avm \-\-del \-\-include=\(cq\&*.pdf\(cq\& \-f \(cq\&hide,! */\(cq\& src/ dest
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+! If you didn\(cq\&t want to remove superfluous destination files, the more
+! time\-honored options of \(dq\&\fB\-\-include='\&*/'\& \-\-exclude='\&*'\&\fP\(dq\& would work fine
+! in place of the hide\-filter (if that is more natural to you).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-progress\fP"
+ This option tells rsync to print information
+ showing the progress of the transfer. This gives a bored user
+ something to watch.
+! Implies \fB\-\-verbose\fP if it wasn\(cq\&t already specified.
+ .IP
+ While rsync is transferring a regular file, it updates a progress line that
+ looks like this:
+***************
+*** 2285,2296 ****
+
+ .IP
+ In this example, the receiver has reconstructed 782448 bytes or 63% of the
+! sender's file, which is being reconstructed at a rate of 110.64 kilobytes
+ per second, and the transfer will finish in 4 seconds if the current rate
+ is maintained until the end.
+ .IP
+! These statistics can be misleading if rsync's delta-transfer algorithm is
+! in use. For example, if the sender's file consists of the basis file
+ followed by additional data, the reported rate will probably drop
+ dramatically when the receiver gets to the literal data, and the transfer
+ will probably take much longer to finish than the receiver estimated as it
+--- 2361,2372 ----
+
+ .IP
+ In this example, the receiver has reconstructed 782448 bytes or 63% of the
+! sender\(cq\&s file, which is being reconstructed at a rate of 110.64 kilobytes
+ per second, and the transfer will finish in 4 seconds if the current rate
+ is maintained until the end.
+ .IP
+! These statistics can be misleading if rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm is
+! in use. For example, if the sender\(cq\&s file consists of the basis file
+ followed by additional data, the reported rate will probably drop
+ dramatically when the receiver gets to the literal data, and the transfer
+ will probably take much longer to finish than the receiver estimated as it
+***************
+*** 2300,2306 ****
+ summary line that looks like this:
+ .IP
+ .nf
+! 1238099 100% 146.38kB/s 0:00:08 (xfer#5, to-check=169/396)
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+--- 2376,2382 ----
+ summary line that looks like this:
+ .IP
+ .nf
+! 1238099 100% 146.38kB/s 0:00:08 (xfer#5, to\-check=169/396)
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 2308,2315 ****
+ of transfer for the whole file was 146.38 kilobytes per second over the 8
+ seconds that it took to complete, it was the 5th transfer of a regular file
+ during the current rsync session, and there are 169 more files for the
+! receiver to check (to see if they are up-to-date or not) remaining out of
+! the 396 total files in the file-list.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-P\fP"
+ The \fB\-P\fP option is equivalent to \fB\-\-partial\fP \fB\-\-progress\fP. Its
+--- 2384,2391 ----
+ of transfer for the whole file was 146.38 kilobytes per second over the 8
+ seconds that it took to complete, it was the 5th transfer of a regular file
+ during the current rsync session, and there are 169 more files for the
+! receiver to check (to see if they are up\-to\-date or not) remaining out of
+! the 396 total files in the file\-list.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-P\fP"
+ The \fB\-P\fP option is equivalent to \fB\-\-partial\fP \fB\-\-progress\fP. Its
+***************
+*** 2319,2331 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-\-password\-file\fP"
+ This option allows you to provide a password in a
+ file for accessing an rsync daemon. The file must not be world readable.
+! It should contain just the password as a single line.
+ .IP
+ This option does not supply a password to a remote shell transport such as
+! ssh; to learn how to do that, consult the remote shell's documentation.
+ When accessing an rsync daemon using a remote shell as the transport, this
+ option only comes into effect after the remote shell finishes its
+! authentication (i.e. if you have also specified a password in the daemon's
+ config file).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-list\-only\fP"
+--- 2395,2408 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-\-password\-file\fP"
+ This option allows you to provide a password in a
+ file for accessing an rsync daemon. The file must not be world readable.
+! It should contain just the password as the first line of the file (all
+! other lines are ignored).
+ .IP
+ This option does not supply a password to a remote shell transport such as
+! ssh; to learn how to do that, consult the remote shell\(cq\&s documentation.
+ When accessing an rsync daemon using a remote shell as the transport, this
+ option only comes into effect after the remote shell finishes its
+! authentication (i.e. if you have also specified a password in the daemon\(cq\&s
+ config file).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-list\-only\fP"
+***************
+*** 2333,2341 ****
+ instead of transferred. This option is inferred if there is a single source
+ arg and no destination specified, so its main uses are: (1) to turn a copy
+ command that includes a
+! destination arg into a file-listing command, or (2) to be able to specify
+ more than one source arg (note: be sure to include the destination).
+! Caution: keep in mind that a source arg with a wild-card is expanded by the
+ shell into multiple args, so it is never safe to try to list such an arg
+ without using this option. For example:
+ .IP
+--- 2410,2418 ----
+ instead of transferred. This option is inferred if there is a single source
+ arg and no destination specified, so its main uses are: (1) to turn a copy
+ command that includes a
+! destination arg into a file\-listing command, or (2) to be able to specify
+ more than one source arg (note: be sure to include the destination).
+! Caution: keep in mind that a source arg with a wild\-card is expanded by the
+ shell into multiple args, so it is never safe to try to list such an arg
+ without using this option. For example:
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 2346,2356 ****
+ .IP
+ Compatibility note: when requesting a remote listing of files from an rsync
+ that is version 2.6.3 or older, you may encounter an error if you ask for a
+! non-recursive listing. This is because a file listing implies the \fB\-\-dirs\fP
+! option w/o \fB\-\-recursive\fP, and older rsyncs don't have that option. To
+! avoid this problem, either specify the \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP option (if you don't
+! need to expand a directory's content), or turn on recursion and exclude
+! the content of subdirectories: \fB\-r \-\-exclude='/*/*'\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
+ This option allows you to specify a maximum
+--- 2423,2433 ----
+ .IP
+ Compatibility note: when requesting a remote listing of files from an rsync
+ that is version 2.6.3 or older, you may encounter an error if you ask for a
+! non\-recursive listing. This is because a file listing implies the \fB\-\-dirs\fP
+! option w/o \fB\-\-recursive\fP, and older rsyncs don\(cq\&t have that option. To
+! avoid this problem, either specify the \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP option (if you don\(cq\&t
+! need to expand a directory\(cq\&s content), or turn on recursion and exclude
+! the content of subdirectories: \fB\-r \-\-exclude='\&/*/*'\&\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
+ This option allows you to specify a maximum
+***************
+*** 2363,2369 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
+ Record a file that can later be applied to
+! another identical destination with \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP. See the \(lqBATCH MODE\(rq
+ section for details, and also the \fB\-\-only\-write\-batch\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-only\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
+--- 2440,2446 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
+ Record a file that can later be applied to
+! another identical destination with \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP. See the \(dq\&BATCH MODE\(dq\&
+ section for details, and also the \fB\-\-only\-write\-batch\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-only\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
+***************
+*** 2375,2394 ****
+ Note that you can feel free to write the batch directly to some portable
+ media: if this media fills to capacity before the end of the transfer, you
+ can just apply that partial transfer to the destination and repeat the
+! whole process to get the rest of the changes (as long as you don't mind a
+! partially updated destination system while the multi-update cycle is
+ happening).
+ .IP
+ Also note that you only save bandwidth when pushing changes to a remote
+ system because this allows the batched data to be diverted from the sender
+ into the batch file without having to flow over the wire to the receiver
+! (when pulling, the sender is remote, and thus can't write the batch).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-read\-batch=FILE\fP"
+ Apply all of the changes stored in FILE, a
+ file previously generated by \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the batch data will be read from standard input.
+! See the \(lqBATCH MODE\(rq section for details.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-protocol=NUM\fP"
+ Force an older protocol version to be used. This
+--- 2452,2471 ----
+ Note that you can feel free to write the batch directly to some portable
+ media: if this media fills to capacity before the end of the transfer, you
+ can just apply that partial transfer to the destination and repeat the
+! whole process to get the rest of the changes (as long as you don\(cq\&t mind a
+! partially updated destination system while the multi\-update cycle is
+ happening).
+ .IP
+ Also note that you only save bandwidth when pushing changes to a remote
+ system because this allows the batched data to be diverted from the sender
+ into the batch file without having to flow over the wire to the receiver
+! (when pulling, the sender is remote, and thus can\(cq\&t write the batch).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-read\-batch=FILE\fP"
+ Apply all of the changes stored in FILE, a
+ file previously generated by \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the batch data will be read from standard input.
+! See the \(dq\&BATCH MODE\(dq\& section for details.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-protocol=NUM\fP"
+ Force an older protocol version to be used. This
+***************
+*** 2395,2432 ****
+ is useful for creating a batch file that is compatible with an older
+ version of rsync. For instance, if rsync 2.6.4 is being used with the
+ \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP option, but rsync 2.6.3 is what will be used to run the
+! \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, you should use \(lq\-\-protocol=28\(rq when creating the
+ batch file to force the older protocol version to be used in the batch
+! file (assuming you can't upgrade the rsync on the reading system).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-iconv=CONVERT_SPEC\fP"
+ Rsync can convert filenames between character
+! sets using this option. Using a CONVERT_SPEC of \(lq.\(rq tells rsync to look up
+! the default character-set via the locale setting. Alternately, you can
+ fully specify what conversion to do by giving a local and a remote charset
+ separated by a comma in the order \fB\-\-iconv=LOCAL,REMOTE\fP, e.g.
+ \fB\-\-iconv=utf8,iso88591\fP. This order ensures that the option
+! will stay the same whether you're pushing or pulling files.
+! Finally, you can specify either \fB\-\-no\-iconv\fP or a CONVERT_SPEC of \(lq\-\(rq
+ to turn off any conversion.
+! The default setting of this option is site-specific, and can also be
+ affected via the RSYNC_ICONV environment variable.
+ .IP
+ For a list of what charset names your local iconv library supports, you can
+! run \(lqiconv \-\-list\(rq.
+ .IP
+ If you specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP option (\fB\-s\fP), rsync will translate
+! the filenames you specify on the command-line that are being sent to the
+ remote host. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync does not do any conversion of names in filter files
+! (including include/exclude files). It is up to you to ensure that you're
+ specifying matching rules that can match on both sides of the transfer.
+ For instance, you can specify extra include/exclude rules if there are
+ filename differences on the two sides that need to be accounted for.
+ .IP
+ When you pass an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option to an rsync daemon that allows it, the
+! daemon uses the charset specified in its \(lqcharset\(rq configuration parameter
+ regardless of the remote charset you actually pass. Thus, you may feel free to
+ specify just the local charset for a daemon transfer (e.g. \fB\-\-iconv=utf8\fP).
+ .IP
+--- 2472,2509 ----
+ is useful for creating a batch file that is compatible with an older
+ version of rsync. For instance, if rsync 2.6.4 is being used with the
+ \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP option, but rsync 2.6.3 is what will be used to run the
+! \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, you should use \(dq\&\-\-protocol=28\(dq\& when creating the
+ batch file to force the older protocol version to be used in the batch
+! file (assuming you can\(cq\&t upgrade the rsync on the reading system).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-iconv=CONVERT_SPEC\fP"
+ Rsync can convert filenames between character
+! sets using this option. Using a CONVERT_SPEC of \(dq\&.\(dq\& tells rsync to look up
+! the default character\-set via the locale setting. Alternately, you can
+ fully specify what conversion to do by giving a local and a remote charset
+ separated by a comma in the order \fB\-\-iconv=LOCAL,REMOTE\fP, e.g.
+ \fB\-\-iconv=utf8,iso88591\fP. This order ensures that the option
+! will stay the same whether you\(cq\&re pushing or pulling files.
+! Finally, you can specify either \fB\-\-no\-iconv\fP or a CONVERT_SPEC of \(dq\&\-\(dq\&
+ to turn off any conversion.
+! The default setting of this option is site\-specific, and can also be
+ affected via the RSYNC_ICONV environment variable.
+ .IP
+ For a list of what charset names your local iconv library supports, you can
+! run \(dq\&iconv \-\-list\(dq\&.
+ .IP
+ If you specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP option (\fB\-s\fP), rsync will translate
+! the filenames you specify on the command\-line that are being sent to the
+ remote host. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync does not do any conversion of names in filter files
+! (including include/exclude files). It is up to you to ensure that you\(cq\&re
+ specifying matching rules that can match on both sides of the transfer.
+ For instance, you can specify extra include/exclude rules if there are
+ filename differences on the two sides that need to be accounted for.
+ .IP
+ When you pass an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option to an rsync daemon that allows it, the
+! daemon uses the charset specified in its \(dq\&charset\(dq\& configuration parameter
+ regardless of the remote charset you actually pass. Thus, you may feel free to
+ specify just the local charset for a daemon transfer (e.g. \fB\-\-iconv=utf8\fP).
+ .IP
+***************
+*** 2477,2483 ****
+ run as a daemon with the \fB\-\-daemon\fP option. The \fB\-\-address\fP option
+ allows you to specify a specific IP address (or hostname) to bind to. This
+ makes virtual hosting possible in conjunction with the \fB\-\-config\fP option.
+! See also the \(lqaddress\(rq global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
+ This option allows you to specify a maximum
+--- 2554,2560 ----
+ run as a daemon with the \fB\-\-daemon\fP option. The \fB\-\-address\fP option
+ allows you to specify a specific IP address (or hostname) to bind to. This
+ makes virtual hosting possible in conjunction with the \fB\-\-config\fP option.
+! See also the \(dq\&address\(dq\& global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
+ This option allows you to specify a maximum
+***************
+*** 2490,2496 ****
+ This specifies an alternate config file than
+ the default. This is only relevant when \fB\-\-daemon\fP is specified.
+ The default is /etc/rsyncd.conf unless the daemon is running over
+! a remote shell program and the remote user is not the super-user; in that case
+ the default is rsyncd.conf in the current directory (typically $HOME).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-no\-detach\fP"
+--- 2567,2573 ----
+ This specifies an alternate config file than
+ the default. This is only relevant when \fB\-\-daemon\fP is specified.
+ The default is /etc/rsyncd.conf unless the daemon is running over
+! a remote shell program and the remote user is not the super\-user; in that case
+ the default is rsyncd.conf in the current directory (typically $HOME).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-no\-detach\fP"
+***************
+*** 2498,2504 ****
+ rsync to not detach itself and become a background process. This
+ option is required when running as a service on Cygwin, and may also
+ be useful when rsync is supervised by a program such as
+! \fBdaemontools\fP or AIX's \fBSystem Resource Controller\fP.
+ \fB\-\-no\-detach\fP is also recommended when rsync is run under a
+ debugger. This option has no effect if rsync is run from inetd or
+ sshd.
+--- 2575,2581 ----
+ rsync to not detach itself and become a background process. This
+ option is required when running as a service on Cygwin, and may also
+ be useful when rsync is supervised by a program such as
+! \fBdaemontools\fP or AIX\(cq\&s \fBSystem Resource Controller\fP.
+ \fB\-\-no\-detach\fP is also recommended when rsync is run under a
+ debugger. This option has no effect if rsync is run from inetd or
+ sshd.
+***************
+*** 2505,2522 ****
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+ This specifies an alternate TCP port number for the
+! daemon to listen on rather than the default of 873. See also the \(lqport\(rq
+ global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
+ This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
+! given log-file name instead of using the \(lqlog file\(rq setting in the config
+ file.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
+! given FORMAT string instead of using the \(lqlog format\(rq setting in the config
+! file. It also enables \(lqtransfer logging\(rq unless the string is empty, in which
+ case transfer logging is turned off.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-sockopts\fP"
+--- 2582,2599 ----
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+ This specifies an alternate TCP port number for the
+! daemon to listen on rather than the default of 873. See also the \(dq\&port\(dq\&
+ global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
+ This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
+! given log\-file name instead of using the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting in the config
+ file.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
+! given FORMAT string instead of using the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting in the config
+! file. It also enables \(dq\&transfer logging\(dq\& unless the string is empty, in which
+ case transfer logging is turned off.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-sockopts\fP"
+***************
+*** 2526,2533 ****
+ .IP "\fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP"
+ This option increases the amount of information the
+ daemon logs during its startup phase. After the client connects, the
+! daemon's verbosity level will be controlled by the options that the client
+! used and the \(lqmax verbosity\(rq setting in the module's config section.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-4, \-\-ipv4\fP or \fB\-6, \-\-ipv6\fP"
+ Tells rsync to prefer IPv4/IPv6
+--- 2603,2610 ----
+ .IP "\fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP"
+ This option increases the amount of information the
+ daemon logs during its startup phase. After the client connects, the
+! daemon\(cq\&s verbosity level will be controlled by the options that the client
+! used and the \(dq\&max verbosity\(dq\& setting in the module\(cq\&s config section.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-4, \-\-ipv4\fP or \fB\-6, \-\-ipv6\fP"
+ Tells rsync to prefer IPv4/IPv6
+***************
+*** 2534,2540 ****
+ when creating the incoming sockets that the rsync daemon will use to
+ listen for connections. One of these options may be required in older
+ versions of Linux to work around an IPv6 bug in the kernel (if you see
+! an \(lqaddress already in use\(rq error when nothing else is using the port,
+ try specifying \fB\-\-ipv6\fP or \fB\-\-ipv4\fP when starting the daemon).
+ .IP
+ If rsync was complied without support for IPv6, the \fB\-\-ipv6\fP option
+--- 2611,2617 ----
+ when creating the incoming sockets that the rsync daemon will use to
+ listen for connections. One of these options may be required in older
+ versions of Linux to work around an IPv6 bug in the kernel (if you see
+! an \(dq\&address already in use\(dq\& error when nothing else is using the port,
+ try specifying \fB\-\-ipv6\fP or \fB\-\-ipv4\fP when starting the daemon).
+ .IP
+ If rsync was complied without support for IPv6, the \fB\-\-ipv6\fP option
+***************
+*** 2562,2568 ****
+ filename is not skipped.
+ .PP
+ Rsync builds an ordered list of filter rules as specified on the
+! command-line. Filter rules have the following syntax:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWRULE [PATTERN_OR_FILENAME]\fP
+--- 2639,2645 ----
+ filename is not skipped.
+ .PP
+ Rsync builds an ordered list of filter rules as specified on the
+! command\-line. Filter rules have the following syntax:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWRULE [PATTERN_OR_FILENAME]\fP
+***************
+*** 2573,2579 ****
+
+ .PP
+ You have your choice of using either short or long RULE names, as described
+! below. If you use a short-named rule, the \(oq,\(cq separating the RULE from the
+ MODIFIERS is optional. The PATTERN or FILENAME that follows (when present)
+ must come after either a single space or an underscore (_).
+ Here are the available rule prefixes:
+--- 2650,2656 ----
+
+ .PP
+ You have your choice of using either short or long RULE names, as described
+! below. If you use a short\-named rule, the \(cq\&,\(cq\& separating the RULE from the
+ MODIFIERS is optional. The PATTERN or FILENAME that follows (when present)
+ must come after either a single space or an underscore (_).
+ Here are the available rule prefixes:
+***************
+*** 2583,2591 ****
+ .br
+ \fBinclude, +\fP specifies an include pattern.
+ .br
+! \fBmerge, .\fP specifies a merge-file to read for more rules.
+ .br
+! \fBdir-merge, :\fP specifies a per-directory merge-file.
+ .br
+ \fBhide, H\fP specifies a pattern for hiding files from the transfer.
+ .br
+--- 2660,2668 ----
+ .br
+ \fBinclude, +\fP specifies an include pattern.
+ .br
+! \fBmerge, .\fP specifies a merge\-file to read for more rules.
+ .br
+! \fBdir\-merge, :\fP specifies a per\-directory merge\-file.
+ .br
+ \fBhide, H\fP specifies a pattern for hiding files from the transfer.
+ .br
+***************
+*** 2601,2615 ****
+
+ .PP
+ When rules are being read from a file, empty lines are ignored, as are
+! comment lines that start with a \(lq#\(rq.
+ .PP
+! Note that the \fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP command-line options do not allow the
+! full range of rule parsing as described above \(em they only allow the
+! specification of include/exclude patterns plus a \(lq!\(rq token to clear the
+ list (and the normal comment parsing when rules are read from a file).
+ If a pattern
+! does not begin with \(lq\- \(rq (dash, space) or \(lq+ \(rq (plus, space), then the
+! rule will be interpreted as if \(lq+ \(rq (for an include option) or \(lq\- \(rq (for
+ an exclude option) were prefixed to the string. A \fB\-\-filter\fP option, on
+ the other hand, must always contain either a short or long rule name at the
+ start of the rule.
+--- 2678,2692 ----
+
+ .PP
+ When rules are being read from a file, empty lines are ignored, as are
+! comment lines that start with a \(dq\&#\(dq\&.
+ .PP
+! Note that the \fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP command\-line options do not allow the
+! full range of rule parsing as described above \-\- they only allow the
+! specification of include/exclude patterns plus a \(dq\&!\(dq\& token to clear the
+ list (and the normal comment parsing when rules are read from a file).
+ If a pattern
+! does not begin with \(dq\&\- \(dq\& (dash, space) or \(dq\&+ \(dq\& (plus, space), then the
+! rule will be interpreted as if \(dq\&+ \(dq\& (for an include option) or \(dq\&\- \(dq\& (for
+ an exclude option) were prefixed to the string. A \fB\-\-filter\fP option, on
+ the other hand, must always contain either a short or long rule name at the
+ start of the rule.
+***************
+*** 2616,2629 ****
+ .PP
+ Note also that the \fB\-\-filter\fP, \fB\-\-include\fP, and \fB\-\-exclude\fP options take one
+ rule/pattern each. To add multiple ones, you can repeat the options on
+! the command-line, use the merge-file syntax of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option, or
+ the \fB\-\-include\-from\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP options.
+ .PP
+ .SH "INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERN RULES"
+
+ .PP
+! You can include and exclude files by specifying patterns using the \(lq+\(rq,
+! \(lq\-\(rq, etc. filter rules (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above).
+ The include/exclude rules each specify a pattern that is matched against
+ the names of the files that are going to be transferred. These patterns
+ can take several forms:
+--- 2693,2706 ----
+ .PP
+ Note also that the \fB\-\-filter\fP, \fB\-\-include\fP, and \fB\-\-exclude\fP options take one
+ rule/pattern each. To add multiple ones, you can repeat the options on
+! the command\-line, use the merge\-file syntax of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option, or
+ the \fB\-\-include\-from\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP options.
+ .PP
+ .SH "INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERN RULES"
+
+ .PP
+! You can include and exclude files by specifying patterns using the \(dq\&+\(dq\&,
+! \(dq\&\-\(dq\&, etc. filter rules (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above).
+ The include/exclude rules each specify a pattern that is matched against
+ the names of the files that are going to be transferred. These patterns
+ can take several forms:
+***************
+*** 2633,2647 ****
+ particular spot in the hierarchy of files, otherwise it is matched
+ against the end of the pathname. This is similar to a leading ^ in
+ regular expressions.
+! Thus \(lq/foo\(rq would match a name of \(lqfoo\(rq at either the \(lqroot of the
+! transfer\(rq (for a global rule) or in the merge-file's directory (for a
+! per-directory rule).
+! An unqualified \(lqfoo\(rq would match a name of \(lqfoo\(rq anywhere in the
+ tree because the algorithm is applied recursively from the
+ top down; it behaves as if each path component gets a turn at being the
+! end of the filename. Even the unanchored \(lqsub/foo\(rq would match at
+! any point in the hierarchy where a \(lqfoo\(rq was found within a directory
+! named \(lqsub\(rq. See the section on ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS for
+ a full discussion of how to specify a pattern that matches at the root
+ of the transfer.
+ .IP o
+--- 2710,2724 ----
+ particular spot in the hierarchy of files, otherwise it is matched
+ against the end of the pathname. This is similar to a leading ^ in
+ regular expressions.
+! Thus \(dq\&/foo\(dq\& would match a name of \(dq\&foo\(dq\& at either the \(dq\&root of the
+! transfer\(dq\& (for a global rule) or in the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory (for a
+! per\-directory rule).
+! An unqualified \(dq\&foo\(dq\& would match a name of \(dq\&foo\(dq\& anywhere in the
+ tree because the algorithm is applied recursively from the
+ top down; it behaves as if each path component gets a turn at being the
+! end of the filename. Even the unanchored \(dq\&sub/foo\(dq\& would match at
+! any point in the hierarchy where a \(dq\&foo\(dq\& was found within a directory
+! named \(dq\&sub\(dq\&. See the section on ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS for
+ a full discussion of how to specify a pattern that matches at the root
+ of the transfer.
+ .IP o
+***************
+*** 2650,2693 ****
+ .IP o
+ rsync chooses between doing a simple string match and wildcard
+ matching by checking if the pattern contains one of these three wildcard
+! characters: \(oq*\(cq, \(oq?\(cq, and \(oq[\(cq .
+ .IP o
+! a \(oq*\(cq matches any path component, but it stops at slashes.
+ .IP o
+! use '**' to match anything, including slashes.
+ .IP o
+! a \(oq?\(cq matches any character except a slash (/).
+ .IP o
+! a \(oq[\(cq introduces a character class, such as [a\-z] or [[:alpha:]].
+ .IP o
+ in a wildcard pattern, a backslash can be used to escape a wildcard
+ character, but it is matched literally when no wildcards are present.
+ .IP o
+! if the pattern contains a / (not counting a trailing /) or a \(lq**\(rq,
+ then it is matched against the full pathname, including any leading
+! directories. If the pattern doesn't contain a / or a \(lq**\(rq, then it is
+ matched only against the final component of the filename.
+! (Remember that the algorithm is applied recursively so \(lqfull filename\(rq
+ can actually be any portion of a path from the starting directory on
+ down.)
+ .IP o
+! a trailing \(lqdir_name/***\(rq will match both the directory (as if
+! \(lqdir_name/\(rq had been specified) and everything in the directory
+! (as if \(lqdir_name/**\(rq had been specified). This behavior was added in
+ version 2.6.7.
+
+ .PP
+ Note that, when using the \fB\-\-recursive\fP (\fB\-r\fP) option (which is implied by
+ \fB\-a\fP), every subcomponent of every path is visited from the top down, so
+! include/exclude patterns get applied recursively to each subcomponent's
+! full name (e.g. to include \(lq/foo/bar/baz\(rq the subcomponents \(lq/foo\(rq and
+! \(lq/foo/bar\(rq must not be excluded).
+! The exclude patterns actually short-circuit the directory traversal stage
+ when rsync finds the files to send. If a pattern excludes a particular
+ parent directory, it can render a deeper include pattern ineffectual
+ because rsync did not descend through that excluded section of the
+! hierarchy. This is particularly important when using a trailing \(oq*\(cq rule.
+! For instance, this won't work:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CW+ /some/path/this\-file\-will\-not\-be\-found\fP
+--- 2727,2770 ----
+ .IP o
+ rsync chooses between doing a simple string match and wildcard
+ matching by checking if the pattern contains one of these three wildcard
+! characters: \(cq\&*\(cq\&, \(cq\&?\(cq\&, and \(cq\&[\(cq\& .
+ .IP o
+! a \(cq\&*\(cq\& matches any path component, but it stops at slashes.
+ .IP o
+! use \(cq\&**\(cq\& to match anything, including slashes.
+ .IP o
+! a \(cq\&?\(cq\& matches any character except a slash (/).
+ .IP o
+! a \(cq\&[\(cq\& introduces a character class, such as [a\-z] or [[:alpha:]].
+ .IP o
+ in a wildcard pattern, a backslash can be used to escape a wildcard
+ character, but it is matched literally when no wildcards are present.
+ .IP o
+! if the pattern contains a / (not counting a trailing /) or a \(dq\&**\(dq\&,
+ then it is matched against the full pathname, including any leading
+! directories. If the pattern doesn\(cq\&t contain a / or a \(dq\&**\(dq\&, then it is
+ matched only against the final component of the filename.
+! (Remember that the algorithm is applied recursively so \(dq\&full filename\(dq\&
+ can actually be any portion of a path from the starting directory on
+ down.)
+ .IP o
+! a trailing \(dq\&dir_name/***\(dq\& will match both the directory (as if
+! \(dq\&dir_name/\(dq\& had been specified) and everything in the directory
+! (as if \(dq\&dir_name/**\(dq\& had been specified). This behavior was added in
+ version 2.6.7.
+
+ .PP
+ Note that, when using the \fB\-\-recursive\fP (\fB\-r\fP) option (which is implied by
+ \fB\-a\fP), every subcomponent of every path is visited from the top down, so
+! include/exclude patterns get applied recursively to each subcomponent\(cq\&s
+! full name (e.g. to include \(dq\&/foo/bar/baz\(dq\& the subcomponents \(dq\&/foo\(dq\& and
+! \(dq\&/foo/bar\(dq\& must not be excluded).
+! The exclude patterns actually short\-circuit the directory traversal stage
+ when rsync finds the files to send. If a pattern excludes a particular
+ parent directory, it can render a deeper include pattern ineffectual
+ because rsync did not descend through that excluded section of the
+! hierarchy. This is particularly important when using a trailing \(cq\&*\(cq\& rule.
+! For instance, this won\(cq\&t work:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CW+ /some/path/this\-file\-will\-not\-be\-found\fP
+***************
+*** 2699,2709 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! This fails because the parent directory \(lqsome\(rq is excluded by the \(oq*\(cq
+! rule, so rsync never visits any of the files in the \(lqsome\(rq or \(lqsome/path\(rq
+ directories. One solution is to ask for all directories in the hierarchy
+! to be included by using a single rule: \(lq+ */\(rq (put it somewhere before the
+! \(lq\- *\(rq rule), and perhaps use the \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option. Another
+ solution is to add specific include rules for all
+ the parent dirs that need to be visited. For instance, this set of rules
+ works fine:
+--- 2776,2786 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! This fails because the parent directory \(dq\&some\(dq\& is excluded by the \(cq\&*\(cq\&
+! rule, so rsync never visits any of the files in the \(dq\&some\(dq\& or \(dq\&some/path\(dq\&
+ directories. One solution is to ask for all directories in the hierarchy
+! to be included by using a single rule: \(dq\&+ */\(dq\& (put it somewhere before the
+! \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& rule), and perhaps use the \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option. Another
+ solution is to add specific include rules for all
+ the parent dirs that need to be visited. For instance, this set of rules
+ works fine:
+***************
+*** 2725,2768 ****
+ Here are some examples of exclude/include matching:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+! \(lq\- *.o\(rq would exclude all names matching *.o
+ .IP o
+! \(lq\- /foo\(rq would exclude a file (or directory) named foo in the
+! transfer-root directory
+ .IP o
+! \(lq\- foo/\(rq would exclude any directory named foo
+ .IP o
+! \(lq\- /foo/*/bar\(rq would exclude any file named bar which is at two
+! levels below a directory named foo in the transfer-root directory
+ .IP o
+! \(lq\- /foo/**/bar\(rq would exclude any file named bar two
+! or more levels below a directory named foo in the transfer-root directory
+ .IP o
+! The combination of \(lq+ */\(rq, \(lq+ *.c\(rq, and \(lq\- *\(rq would include all
+ directories and C source files but nothing else (see also the
+ \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option)
+ .IP o
+! The combination of \(lq+ foo/\(rq, \(lq+ foo/bar.c\(rq, and \(lq\- *\(rq would include
+ only the foo directory and foo/bar.c (the foo directory must be
+! explicitly included or it would be excluded by the \(lq*\(rq)
+
+ .PP
+! The following modifiers are accepted after a \(lq+\(rq or \(lq\-\(rq:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+ A \fB/\fP specifies that the include/exclude rule should be matched
+ against the absolute pathname of the current item. For example,
+! \(lq\-/ /etc/passwd\(rq would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer
+! was sending files from the \(lq/etc\(rq directory, and \(lq\-/ subdir/foo\(rq
+! would always exclude \(lqfoo\(rq when it is in a dir named \(lqsubdir\(rq, even
+! if \(lqfoo\(rq is at the root of the current transfer.
+ .IP o
+ A \fB!\fP specifies that the include/exclude should take effect if
+! the pattern fails to match. For instance, \(lq\-! */\(rq would exclude all
+! non-directories.
+ .IP o
+! A \fBC\fP is used to indicate that all the global CVS-exclude rules
+! should be inserted as excludes in place of the \(lq\-C\(rq. No arg should
+ follow.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBs\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the sending
+--- 2802,2845 ----
+ Here are some examples of exclude/include matching:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+! \(dq\&\- *.o\(dq\& would exclude all names matching *.o
+ .IP o
+! \(dq\&\- /foo\(dq\& would exclude a file (or directory) named foo in the
+! transfer\-root directory
+ .IP o
+! \(dq\&\- foo/\(dq\& would exclude any directory named foo
+ .IP o
+! \(dq\&\- /foo/*/bar\(dq\& would exclude any file named bar which is at two
+! levels below a directory named foo in the transfer\-root directory
+ .IP o
+! \(dq\&\- /foo/**/bar\(dq\& would exclude any file named bar two
+! or more levels below a directory named foo in the transfer\-root directory
+ .IP o
+! The combination of \(dq\&+ */\(dq\&, \(dq\&+ *.c\(dq\&, and \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& would include all
+ directories and C source files but nothing else (see also the
+ \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option)
+ .IP o
+! The combination of \(dq\&+ foo/\(dq\&, \(dq\&+ foo/bar.c\(dq\&, and \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& would include
+ only the foo directory and foo/bar.c (the foo directory must be
+! explicitly included or it would be excluded by the \(dq\&*\(dq\&)
+
+ .PP
+! The following modifiers are accepted after a \(dq\&+\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-\(dq\&:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+ A \fB/\fP specifies that the include/exclude rule should be matched
+ against the absolute pathname of the current item. For example,
+! \(dq\&\-/ /etc/passwd\(dq\& would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer
+! was sending files from the \(dq\&/etc\(dq\& directory, and \(dq\&\-/ subdir/foo\(dq\&
+! would always exclude \(dq\&foo\(dq\& when it is in a dir named \(dq\&subdir\(dq\&, even
+! if \(dq\&foo\(dq\& is at the root of the current transfer.
+ .IP o
+ A \fB!\fP specifies that the include/exclude should take effect if
+! the pattern fails to match. For instance, \(dq\&\-! */\(dq\& would exclude all
+! non\-directories.
+ .IP o
+! A \fBC\fP is used to indicate that all the global CVS\-exclude rules
+! should be inserted as excludes in place of the \(dq\&\-C\(dq\&. No arg should
+ follow.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBs\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the sending
+***************
+*** 2769,2807 ****
+ side. When a rule affects the sending side, it prevents files from
+ being transferred. The default is for a rule to affect both sides
+ unless \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP was specified, in which case default rules
+! become sender-side only. See also the hide (H) and show (S) rules,
+! which are an alternate way to specify sending-side includes/excludes.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBr\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the receiving
+ side. When a rule affects the receiving side, it prevents files from
+ being deleted. See the \fBs\fP modifier for more info. See also the
+ protect (P) and risk (R) rules, which are an alternate way to
+! specify receiver-side includes/excludes.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBp\fP indicates that a rule is perishable, meaning that it is
+ ignored in directories that are being deleted. For instance, the \fB\-C\fP
+! option's default rules that exclude things like \(lqCVS\(rq and \(lq*.o\(rq are
+ marked as perishable, and will not prevent a directory that was removed
+ on the source from being deleted on the destination.
+
+ .PP
+! .SH "MERGE-FILE FILTER RULES"
+
+ .PP
+ You can merge whole files into your filter rules by specifying either a
+! merge (.) or a dir-merge (:) filter rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES
+ section above).
+ .PP
+! There are two kinds of merged files \(em single-instance (\(oq.\(cq) and
+! per-directory (\(oq:\(cq). A single-instance merge file is read one time, and
+! its rules are incorporated into the filter list in the place of the \(lq.\(rq
+! rule. For per-directory merge files, rsync will scan every directory that
+ it traverses for the named file, merging its contents when the file exists
+! into the current list of inherited rules. These per-directory rule files
+ must be created on the sending side because it is the sending side that is
+ being scanned for the available files to transfer. These rule files may
+ also need to be transferred to the receiving side if you want them to
+! affect what files don't get deleted (see PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE
+ below).
+ .PP
+ Some examples:
+--- 2846,2884 ----
+ side. When a rule affects the sending side, it prevents files from
+ being transferred. The default is for a rule to affect both sides
+ unless \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP was specified, in which case default rules
+! become sender\-side only. See also the hide (H) and show (S) rules,
+! which are an alternate way to specify sending\-side includes/excludes.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBr\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the receiving
+ side. When a rule affects the receiving side, it prevents files from
+ being deleted. See the \fBs\fP modifier for more info. See also the
+ protect (P) and risk (R) rules, which are an alternate way to
+! specify receiver\-side includes/excludes.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBp\fP indicates that a rule is perishable, meaning that it is
+ ignored in directories that are being deleted. For instance, the \fB\-C\fP
+! option\(cq\&s default rules that exclude things like \(dq\&CVS\(dq\& and \(dq\&*.o\(dq\& are
+ marked as perishable, and will not prevent a directory that was removed
+ on the source from being deleted on the destination.
+
+ .PP
+! .SH "MERGE\-FILE FILTER RULES"
+
+ .PP
+ You can merge whole files into your filter rules by specifying either a
+! merge (.) or a dir\-merge (:) filter rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES
+ section above).
+ .PP
+! There are two kinds of merged files \-\- single\-instance (\(cq\&.\(cq\&) and
+! per\-directory (\(cq\&:\(cq\&). A single\-instance merge file is read one time, and
+! its rules are incorporated into the filter list in the place of the \(dq\&.\(dq\&
+! rule. For per\-directory merge files, rsync will scan every directory that
+ it traverses for the named file, merging its contents when the file exists
+! into the current list of inherited rules. These per\-directory rule files
+ must be created on the sending side because it is the sending side that is
+ being scanned for the available files to transfer. These rule files may
+ also need to be transferred to the receiving side if you want them to
+! affect what files don\(cq\&t get deleted (see PER\-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE
+ below).
+ .PP
+ Some examples:
+***************
+*** 2820,2875 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! The following modifiers are accepted after a merge or dir-merge rule:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+ A \fB\-\fP specifies that the file should consist of only exclude
+! patterns, with no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
+ .IP o
+ A \fB+\fP specifies that the file should consist of only include
+! patterns, with no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBC\fP is a way to specify that the file should be read in a
+! CVS-compatible manner. This turns on \(oqn\(cq, \(oqw\(cq, and '\-', but also
+! allows the list-clearing token (!) to be specified. If no filename is
+! provided, \(lq.cvsignore\(rq is assumed.
+ .IP o
+! A \fBe\fP will exclude the merge-file name from the transfer; e.g.
+! \(lqdir-merge,e .rules\(rq is like \(lqdir-merge .rules\(rq and \(lq\- .rules\(rq.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBn\fP specifies that the rules are not inherited by subdirectories.
+ .IP o
+! A \fBw\fP specifies that the rules are word-split on whitespace instead
+! of the normal line-splitting. This also turns off comments. Note: the
+ space that separates the prefix from the rule is treated specially, so
+! \(lq\- foo + bar\(rq is parsed as two rules (assuming that prefix-parsing wasn't
+ also disabled).
+ .IP o
+! You may also specify any of the modifiers for the \(lq+\(rq or \(lq\-\(rq rules
+ (above) in order to have the rules that are read in from the file
+! default to having that modifier set. For instance, \(lqmerge,\-/ .excl\(rq would
+! treat the contents of .excl as absolute-path excludes,
+! while \(lqdir-merge,s .filt\(rq and \(lq:sC\(rq would each make all their
+! per-directory rules apply only on the sending side.
+
+ .PP
+! Per-directory rules are inherited in all subdirectories of the directory
+! where the merge-file was found unless the \(oqn\(cq modifier was used. Each
+! subdirectory's rules are prefixed to the inherited per-directory rules
+ from its parents, which gives the newest rules a higher priority than the
+! inherited rules. The entire set of dir-merge rules are grouped together in
+! the spot where the merge-file was specified, so it is possible to override
+! dir-merge rules via a rule that got specified earlier in the list of global
+! rules. When the list-clearing rule (\(lq!\(rq) is read from a per-directory
+ file, it only clears the inherited rules for the current merge file.
+ .PP
+! Another way to prevent a single rule from a dir-merge file from being inherited is to
+! anchor it with a leading slash. Anchored rules in a per-directory
+! merge-file are relative to the merge-file's directory, so a pattern \(lq/foo\(rq
+! would only match the file \(lqfoo\(rq in the directory where the dir-merge filter
+ file was found.
+ .PP
+! Here's an example filter file which you'd specify via \fB\-\-filter=". file":\fP
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWmerge /home/user/.global\-filter\fP
+--- 2897,2956 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! The following modifiers are accepted after a merge or dir\-merge rule:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+ A \fB\-\fP specifies that the file should consist of only exclude
+! patterns, with no other rule\-parsing except for in\-file comments.
+ .IP o
+ A \fB+\fP specifies that the file should consist of only include
+! patterns, with no other rule\-parsing except for in\-file comments.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBC\fP is a way to specify that the file should be read in a
+! CVS\-compatible manner. This turns on \(cq\&n\(cq\&, \(cq\&w\(cq\&, and \(cq\&\-\(cq\&, but also
+! allows the list\-clearing token (!) to be specified. If no filename is
+! provided, \(dq\&.cvsignore\(dq\& is assumed.
+ .IP o
+! A \fBe\fP will exclude the merge\-file name from the transfer; e.g.
+! \(dq\&dir\-merge,e .rules\(dq\& is like \(dq\&dir\-merge .rules\(dq\& and \(dq\&\- .rules\(dq\&.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBn\fP specifies that the rules are not inherited by subdirectories.
+ .IP o
+! A \fBw\fP specifies that the rules are word\-split on whitespace instead
+! of the normal line\-splitting. This also turns off comments. Note: the
+ space that separates the prefix from the rule is treated specially, so
+! \(dq\&\- foo + bar\(dq\& is parsed as two rules (assuming that prefix\-parsing wasn\(cq\&t
+ also disabled).
+ .IP o
+! You may also specify any of the modifiers for the \(dq\&+\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-\(dq\& rules
+ (above) in order to have the rules that are read in from the file
+! default to having that modifier set (except for the \fB!\fP modifier, which
+! would not be useful). For instance, \(dq\&merge,\-/ .excl\(dq\& would
+! treat the contents of .excl as absolute\-path excludes,
+! while \(dq\&dir\-merge,s .filt\(dq\& and \(dq\&:sC\(dq\& would each make all their
+! per\-directory rules apply only on the sending side. If the merge rule
+! specifies sides to affect (via the \fBs\fP or \fBr\fP modifier or both),
+! then the rules in the file must not specify sides (via a modifier or
+! a rule prefix such as \fBhide\fP).
+
+ .PP
+! Per\-directory rules are inherited in all subdirectories of the directory
+! where the merge\-file was found unless the \(cq\&n\(cq\& modifier was used. Each
+! subdirectory\(cq\&s rules are prefixed to the inherited per\-directory rules
+ from its parents, which gives the newest rules a higher priority than the
+! inherited rules. The entire set of dir\-merge rules are grouped together in
+! the spot where the merge\-file was specified, so it is possible to override
+! dir\-merge rules via a rule that got specified earlier in the list of global
+! rules. When the list\-clearing rule (\(dq\&!\(dq\&) is read from a per\-directory
+ file, it only clears the inherited rules for the current merge file.
+ .PP
+! Another way to prevent a single rule from a dir\-merge file from being inherited is to
+! anchor it with a leading slash. Anchored rules in a per\-directory
+! merge\-file are relative to the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory, so a pattern \(dq\&/foo\(dq\&
+! would only match the file \(dq\&foo\(dq\& in the directory where the dir\-merge filter
+ file was found.
+ .PP
+! Here\(cq\&s an example filter file which you\(cq\&d specify via \fB\-\-filter=\(dq\&. file\(dq\&:\fP
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWmerge /home/user/.global\-filter\fP
+***************
+*** 2886,2903 ****
+
+ .PP
+ This will merge the contents of the /home/user/.global\-filter file at the
+! start of the list and also turns the \(lq.rules\(rq filename into a per-directory
+ filter file. All rules read in prior to the start of the directory scan
+ follow the global anchoring rules (i.e. a leading slash matches at the root
+ of the transfer).
+ .PP
+! If a per-directory merge-file is specified with a path that is a parent
+ directory of the first transfer directory, rsync will scan all the parent
+ dirs from that starting point to the transfer directory for the indicated
+! per-directory file. For instance, here is a common filter (see \fB\-F\fP):
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW\-\-filter=': /.rsync\-filter'\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+--- 2967,2984 ----
+
+ .PP
+ This will merge the contents of the /home/user/.global\-filter file at the
+! start of the list and also turns the \(dq\&.rules\(dq\& filename into a per\-directory
+ filter file. All rules read in prior to the start of the directory scan
+ follow the global anchoring rules (i.e. a leading slash matches at the root
+ of the transfer).
+ .PP
+! If a per\-directory merge\-file is specified with a path that is a parent
+ directory of the first transfer directory, rsync will scan all the parent
+ dirs from that starting point to the transfer directory for the indicated
+! per\-directory file. For instance, here is a common filter (see \fB\-F\fP):
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CW\-\-filter='\&: /.rsync\-filter'\&\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 2905,2942 ****
+ directories from the root down through the parent directory of the
+ transfer prior to the start of the normal directory scan of the file in
+ the directories that are sent as a part of the transfer. (Note: for an
+! rsync daemon, the root is always the same as the module's \(lqpath\(rq.)
+ .PP
+! Some examples of this pre-scanning for per-directory files:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWrsync \-avF /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': ../../.rsync\-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': .rsync\-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! The first two commands above will look for \(lq.rsync\-filter\(rq in \(lq/\(rq and
+! \(lq/src\(rq before the normal scan begins looking for the file in \(lq/src/path\(rq
+! and its subdirectories. The last command avoids the parent-dir scan
+! and only looks for the \(lq.rsync\-filter\(rq files in each directory that is
+ a part of the transfer.
+ .PP
+! If you want to include the contents of a \(lq.cvsignore\(rq in your patterns,
+! you should use the rule \(lq:C\(rq, which creates a dir-merge of the .cvsignore
+! file, but parsed in a CVS-compatible manner. You can
+! use this to affect where the \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option's inclusion of the
+! per-directory .cvsignore file gets placed into your rules by putting the
+! \(lq:C\(rq wherever you like in your filter rules. Without this, rsync would
+! add the dir-merge rule for the .cvsignore file at the end of all your other
+! rules (giving it a lower priority than your command-line rules). For
+ example:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWcat <<EOT | rsync \-avC \-\-filter='. \-' a/ b\fP
+ .br
+ \f(CW+ foo.o\fP
+ .br
+--- 2986,3023 ----
+ directories from the root down through the parent directory of the
+ transfer prior to the start of the normal directory scan of the file in
+ the directories that are sent as a part of the transfer. (Note: for an
+! rsync daemon, the root is always the same as the module\(cq\&s \(dq\&path\(dq\&.)
+ .PP
+! Some examples of this pre\-scanning for per\-directory files:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWrsync \-avF /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: ../../.rsync\-filter'\& /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: .rsync\-filter'\& /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! The first two commands above will look for \(dq\&.rsync\-filter\(dq\& in \(dq\&/\(dq\& and
+! \(dq\&/src\(dq\& before the normal scan begins looking for the file in \(dq\&/src/path\(dq\&
+! and its subdirectories. The last command avoids the parent\-dir scan
+! and only looks for the \(dq\&.rsync\-filter\(dq\& files in each directory that is
+ a part of the transfer.
+ .PP
+! If you want to include the contents of a \(dq\&.cvsignore\(dq\& in your patterns,
+! you should use the rule \(dq\&:C\(dq\&, which creates a dir\-merge of the .cvsignore
+! file, but parsed in a CVS\-compatible manner. You can
+! use this to affect where the \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option\(cq\&s inclusion of the
+! per\-directory .cvsignore file gets placed into your rules by putting the
+! \(dq\&:C\(dq\& wherever you like in your filter rules. Without this, rsync would
+! add the dir\-merge rule for the .cvsignore file at the end of all your other
+! rules (giving it a lower priority than your command\-line rules). For
+ example:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWcat <<EOT | rsync \-avC \-\-filter='\&. \-'\& a/ b\fP
+ .br
+ \f(CW+ foo.o\fP
+ .br
+***************
+*** 2946,2994 ****
+ .br
+ \f(CWEOT\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-avC \-\-include=foo.o \-f :C \-\-exclude='*.old' a/ b\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+ Both of the above rsync commands are identical. Each one will merge all
+! the per-directory .cvsignore rules in the middle of the list rather than
+! at the end. This allows their dir-specific rules to supersede the rules
+ that follow the :C instead of being subservient to all your rules. To
+ affect the other CVS exclude rules (i.e. the default list of exclusions,
+ the contents of $HOME/.cvsignore, and the value of $CVSIGNORE) you should
+! omit the \fB\-C\fP command-line option and instead insert a \(lq\-C\(rq rule into
+! your filter rules; e.g. \(lq\fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP\(rq.
+ .PP
+! .SH "LIST-CLEARING FILTER RULE"
+
+ .PP
+! You can clear the current include/exclude list by using the \(lq!\(rq filter
+! rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above). The \(lqcurrent\(rq
+ list is either the global list of rules (if the rule is encountered while
+! parsing the filter options) or a set of per-directory rules (which are
+! inherited in their own sub-list, so a subdirectory can use this to clear
+! out the parent's rules).
+ .PP
+ .SH "ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS"
+
+ .PP
+ As mentioned earlier, global include/exclude patterns are anchored at the
+! \(lqroot of the transfer\(rq (as opposed to per-directory patterns, which are
+! anchored at the merge-file's directory). If you think of the transfer as
+ a subtree of names that are being sent from sender to receiver, the
+! transfer-root is where the tree starts to be duplicated in the destination
+ directory. This root governs where patterns that start with a / match.
+ .PP
+! Because the matching is relative to the transfer-root, changing the
+ trailing slash on a source path or changing your use of the \fB\-\-relative\fP
+ option affects the path you need to use in your matching (in addition to
+ changing how much of the file tree is duplicated on the destination
+ host). The following examples demonstrate this.
+ .PP
+! Let's say that we want to match two source files, one with an absolute
+! path of \(lq/home/me/foo/bar\(rq, and one with a path of \(lq/home/you/bar/baz\(rq.
+! Here is how the various command choices differ for a 2-source transfer:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me /home/you /dest
+--- 3027,3075 ----
+ .br
+ \f(CWEOT\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-avC \-\-include=foo.o \-f :C \-\-exclude='\&*.old'\& a/ b\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+ Both of the above rsync commands are identical. Each one will merge all
+! the per\-directory .cvsignore rules in the middle of the list rather than
+! at the end. This allows their dir\-specific rules to supersede the rules
+ that follow the :C instead of being subservient to all your rules. To
+ affect the other CVS exclude rules (i.e. the default list of exclusions,
+ the contents of $HOME/.cvsignore, and the value of $CVSIGNORE) you should
+! omit the \fB\-C\fP command\-line option and instead insert a \(dq\&\-C\(dq\& rule into
+! your filter rules; e.g. \(dq\&\fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP\(dq\&.
+ .PP
+! .SH "LIST\-CLEARING FILTER RULE"
+
+ .PP
+! You can clear the current include/exclude list by using the \(dq\&!\(dq\& filter
+! rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above). The \(dq\¤t\(dq\&
+ list is either the global list of rules (if the rule is encountered while
+! parsing the filter options) or a set of per\-directory rules (which are
+! inherited in their own sub\-list, so a subdirectory can use this to clear
+! out the parent\(cq\&s rules).
+ .PP
+ .SH "ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS"
+
+ .PP
+ As mentioned earlier, global include/exclude patterns are anchored at the
+! \(dq\&root of the transfer\(dq\& (as opposed to per\-directory patterns, which are
+! anchored at the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory). If you think of the transfer as
+ a subtree of names that are being sent from sender to receiver, the
+! transfer\-root is where the tree starts to be duplicated in the destination
+ directory. This root governs where patterns that start with a / match.
+ .PP
+! Because the matching is relative to the transfer\-root, changing the
+ trailing slash on a source path or changing your use of the \fB\-\-relative\fP
+ option affects the path you need to use in your matching (in addition to
+ changing how much of the file tree is duplicated on the destination
+ host). The following examples demonstrate this.
+ .PP
+! Let\(cq\&s say that we want to match two source files, one with an absolute
+! path of \(dq\&/home/me/foo/bar\(dq\&, and one with a path of \(dq\&/home/you/bar/baz\(dq\&.
+! Here is how the various command choices differ for a 2\-source transfer:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me /home/you /dest
+***************
+*** 3007,3015 ****
+ .RS
+ Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me/ /home/you/ /dest
+ .br
+! +/\- pattern: /foo/bar (note missing \(lqme\(rq)
+ .br
+! +/\- pattern: /bar/baz (note missing \(lqyou\(rq)
+ .br
+ Target file: /dest/foo/bar
+ .br
+--- 3088,3096 ----
+ .RS
+ Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me/ /home/you/ /dest
+ .br
+! +/\- pattern: /foo/bar (note missing \(dq\&me\(dq\&)
+ .br
+! +/\- pattern: /bar/baz (note missing \(dq\&you\(dq\&)
+ .br
+ Target file: /dest/foo/bar
+ .br
+***************
+*** 3048,3075 ****
+ .PP
+ The easiest way to see what name you should filter is to just
+ look at the output when using \fB\-\-verbose\fP and put a / in front of the name
+! (use the \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP option if you're not yet ready to copy any files).
+ .PP
+! .SH "PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE"
+
+ .PP
+! Without a delete option, per-directory rules are only relevant on the
+ sending side, so you can feel free to exclude the merge files themselves
+! without affecting the transfer. To make this easy, the \(oqe\(cq modifier adds
+ this exclude for you, as seen in these two equivalent commands:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': .excl' \-\-exclude=.excl host:src/dir /dest\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=':e .excl' host:src/dir /dest\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+ However, if you want to do a delete on the receiving side AND you want some
+! files to be excluded from being deleted, you'll need to be sure that the
+ receiving side knows what files to exclude. The easiest way is to include
+! the per-directory merge files in the transfer and use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP,
+ because this ensures that the receiving side gets all the same exclude
+ rules as the sending side before it tries to delete anything:
+ .PP
+--- 3129,3156 ----
+ .PP
+ The easiest way to see what name you should filter is to just
+ look at the output when using \fB\-\-verbose\fP and put a / in front of the name
+! (use the \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP option if you\(cq\&re not yet ready to copy any files).
+ .PP
+! .SH "PER\-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE"
+
+ .PP
+! Without a delete option, per\-directory rules are only relevant on the
+ sending side, so you can feel free to exclude the merge files themselves
+! without affecting the transfer. To make this easy, the \(cq\&e\(cq\& modifier adds
+ this exclude for you, as seen in these two equivalent commands:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: .excl'\& \-\-exclude=.excl host:src/dir /dest\fP
+ .br
+! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&:e .excl'\& host:src/dir /dest\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+ However, if you want to do a delete on the receiving side AND you want some
+! files to be excluded from being deleted, you\(cq\&ll need to be sure that the
+ receiving side knows what files to exclude. The easiest way is to include
+! the per\-directory merge files in the transfer and use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP,
+ because this ensures that the receiving side gets all the same exclude
+ rules as the sending side before it tries to delete anything:
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 3078,3091 ****
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! However, if the merge files are not a part of the transfer, you'll need to
+ either specify some global exclude rules (i.e. specified on the command
+! line), or you'll need to maintain your own per-directory merge files on
+ the receiving side. An example of the first is this (assume that the
+ remote .rules files exclude themselves):
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-\-filter=': .rules' \-\-filter='. /my/extra.rules'
+ \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
+ .fi
+
+--- 3159,3172 ----
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+! However, if the merge files are not a part of the transfer, you\(cq\&ll need to
+ either specify some global exclude rules (i.e. specified on the command
+! line), or you\(cq\&ll need to maintain your own per\-directory merge files on
+ the receiving side. An example of the first is this (assume that the
+ remote .rules files exclude themselves):
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-\-filter=\(cq\&: .rules\(cq\& \-\-filter=\(cq\&. /my/extra.rules\(cq\&
+ \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
+ .fi
+
+***************
+*** 3093,3109 ****
+ In the above example the extra.rules file can affect both sides of the
+ transfer, but (on the sending side) the rules are subservient to the rules
+ merged from the .rules files because they were specified after the
+! per-directory merge rule.
+ .PP
+ In one final example, the remote side is excluding the .rsync\-filter
+ files from the transfer, but we want to use our own .rsync\-filter files
+ to control what gets deleted on the receiving side. To do this we must
+! specifically exclude the per-directory merge files (so that they don't get
+ deleted) and then put rules into the local files to control what else
+ should not get deleted. Like one of these commands:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-\-filter=':e /.rsync\-filter' \-\-delete \e
+ host:src/dir /dest
+ rsync \-avFF \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
+ .fi
+--- 3174,3190 ----
+ In the above example the extra.rules file can affect both sides of the
+ transfer, but (on the sending side) the rules are subservient to the rules
+ merged from the .rules files because they were specified after the
+! per\-directory merge rule.
+ .PP
+ In one final example, the remote side is excluding the .rsync\-filter
+ files from the transfer, but we want to use our own .rsync\-filter files
+ to control what gets deleted on the receiving side. To do this we must
+! specifically exclude the per\-directory merge files (so that they don\(cq\&t get
+ deleted) and then put rules into the local files to control what else
+ should not get deleted. Like one of these commands:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+! rsync \-av \-\-filter='\&:e /.rsync\-filter'\& \-\-delete \e
+ host:src/dir /dest
+ rsync \-avFF \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
+ .fi
+***************
+*** 3117,3125 ****
+ number of hosts. Now suppose some changes have been made to this
+ source tree and those changes need to be propagated to the other
+ hosts. In order to do this using batch mode, rsync is run with the
+! write-batch option to apply the changes made to the source tree to one
+! of the destination trees. The write-batch option causes the rsync
+! client to store in a \(lqbatch file\(rq all the information needed to repeat
+ this operation against other, identical destination trees.
+ .PP
+ Generating the batch file once saves having to perform the file
+--- 3198,3206 ----
+ number of hosts. Now suppose some changes have been made to this
+ source tree and those changes need to be propagated to the other
+ hosts. In order to do this using batch mode, rsync is run with the
+! write\-batch option to apply the changes made to the source tree to one
+! of the destination trees. The write\-batch option causes the rsync
+! client to store in a \(dq\&batch file\(dq\& all the information needed to repeat
+ this operation against other, identical destination trees.
+ .PP
+ Generating the batch file once saves having to perform the file
+***************
+*** 3129,3143 ****
+ at once, instead of sending the same data to every host individually.
+ .PP
+ To apply the recorded changes to another destination tree, run rsync
+! with the read-batch option, specifying the name of the same batch
+ file, and the destination tree. Rsync updates the destination tree
+ using the information stored in the batch file.
+ .PP
+! For your convenience, a script file is also created when the write-batch
+! option is used: it will be named the same as the batch file with \(lq.sh\(rq
+! appended. This script file contains a command-line suitable for updating a
+ destination tree using the associated batch file. It can be executed using
+! a Bourne (or Bourne-like) shell, optionally passing in an alternate
+ destination tree pathname which is then used instead of the original
+ destination path. This is useful when the destination tree path on the
+ current host differs from the one used to create the batch file.
+--- 3210,3224 ----
+ at once, instead of sending the same data to every host individually.
+ .PP
+ To apply the recorded changes to another destination tree, run rsync
+! with the read\-batch option, specifying the name of the same batch
+ file, and the destination tree. Rsync updates the destination tree
+ using the information stored in the batch file.
+ .PP
+! For your convenience, a script file is also created when the write\-batch
+! option is used: it will be named the same as the batch file with \(dq\&.sh\(dq\&
+! appended. This script file contains a command\-line suitable for updating a
+ destination tree using the associated batch file. It can be executed using
+! a Bourne (or Bourne\-like) shell, optionally passing in an alternate
+ destination tree pathname which is then used instead of the original
+ destination path. This is useful when the destination tree path on the
+ current host differs from the one used to create the batch file.
+***************
+*** 3163,3209 ****
+
+ .PP
+ In these examples, rsync is used to update /adest/dir/ from /source/dir/
+! and the information to repeat this operation is stored in \(lqfoo\(rq and
+! \(lqfoo.sh\(rq. The host \(lqremote\(rq is then updated with the batched data going
+ into the directory /bdest/dir. The differences between the two examples
+ reveals some of the flexibility you have in how you deal with batches:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+! The first example shows that the initial copy doesn't have to be
+! local \(em you can push or pull data to/from a remote host using either the
+! remote-shell syntax or rsync daemon syntax, as desired.
+ .IP o
+! The first example uses the created \(lqfoo.sh\(rq file to get the right
+! rsync options when running the read-batch command on the remote host.
+ .IP o
+ The second example reads the batch data via standard input so that
+! the batch file doesn't need to be copied to the remote machine first.
+ This example avoids the foo.sh script because it needed to use a modified
+ \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, but you could edit the script file if you wished to
+ make use of it (just be sure that no other option is trying to use
+! standard input, such as the \(lq\fB\-\-exclude\-from=\-\fP\(rq option).
+
+ .PP
+ Caveats:
+ .PP
+! The read-batch option expects the destination tree that it is updating
+ to be identical to the destination tree that was used to create the
+ batch update fileset. When a difference between the destination trees
+ is encountered the update might be discarded with a warning (if the file
+! appears to be up-to-date already) or the file-update may be attempted
+ and then, if the file fails to verify, the update discarded with an
+! error. This means that it should be safe to re-run a read-batch operation
+! if the command got interrupted. If you wish to force the batched-update to
+! always be attempted regardless of the file's size and date, use the \fB\-I\fP
+ option (when reading the batch).
+ If an error occurs, the destination tree will probably be in a
+ partially updated state. In that case, rsync can
+! be used in its regular (non-batch) mode of operation to fix up the
+ destination tree.
+ .PP
+ The rsync version used on all destinations must be at least as new as the
+ one used to generate the batch file. Rsync will die with an error if the
+! protocol version in the batch file is too new for the batch-reading rsync
+ to handle. See also the \fB\-\-protocol\fP option for a way to have the
+ creating rsync generate a batch file that an older rsync can understand.
+ (Note that batch files changed format in version 2.6.3, so mixing versions
+--- 3244,3290 ----
+
+ .PP
+ In these examples, rsync is used to update /adest/dir/ from /source/dir/
+! and the information to repeat this operation is stored in \(dq\&foo\(dq\& and
+! \(dq\&foo.sh\(dq\&. The host \(dq\&remote\(dq\& is then updated with the batched data going
+ into the directory /bdest/dir. The differences between the two examples
+ reveals some of the flexibility you have in how you deal with batches:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+! The first example shows that the initial copy doesn\(cq\&t have to be
+! local \-\- you can push or pull data to/from a remote host using either the
+! remote\-shell syntax or rsync daemon syntax, as desired.
+ .IP o
+! The first example uses the created \(dq\&foo.sh\(dq\& file to get the right
+! rsync options when running the read\-batch command on the remote host.
+ .IP o
+ The second example reads the batch data via standard input so that
+! the batch file doesn\(cq\&t need to be copied to the remote machine first.
+ This example avoids the foo.sh script because it needed to use a modified
+ \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, but you could edit the script file if you wished to
+ make use of it (just be sure that no other option is trying to use
+! standard input, such as the \(dq\&\fB\-\-exclude\-from=\-\fP\(dq\& option).
+
+ .PP
+ Caveats:
+ .PP
+! The read\-batch option expects the destination tree that it is updating
+ to be identical to the destination tree that was used to create the
+ batch update fileset. When a difference between the destination trees
+ is encountered the update might be discarded with a warning (if the file
+! appears to be up\-to\-date already) or the file\-update may be attempted
+ and then, if the file fails to verify, the update discarded with an
+! error. This means that it should be safe to re\-run a read\-batch operation
+! if the command got interrupted. If you wish to force the batched\-update to
+! always be attempted regardless of the file\(cq\&s size and date, use the \fB\-I\fP
+ option (when reading the batch).
+ If an error occurs, the destination tree will probably be in a
+ partially updated state. In that case, rsync can
+! be used in its regular (non\-batch) mode of operation to fix up the
+ destination tree.
+ .PP
+ The rsync version used on all destinations must be at least as new as the
+ one used to generate the batch file. Rsync will die with an error if the
+! protocol version in the batch file is too new for the batch\-reading rsync
+ to handle. See also the \fB\-\-protocol\fP option for a way to have the
+ creating rsync generate a batch file that an older rsync can understand.
+ (Note that batch files changed format in version 2.6.3, so mixing versions
+***************
+*** 3210,3217 ****
+ older than that with newer versions will not work.)
+ .PP
+ When reading a batch file, rsync will force the value of certain options
+! to match the data in the batch file if you didn't set them to the same
+! as the batch-writing command. Other options can (and should) be changed.
+ For instance \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP changes to \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP,
+ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP is dropped, and the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP/\fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP options are not needed unless
+--- 3291,3298 ----
+ older than that with newer versions will not work.)
+ .PP
+ When reading a batch file, rsync will force the value of certain options
+! to match the data in the batch file if you didn\(cq\&t set them to the same
+! as the batch\-writing command. Other options can (and should) be changed.
+ For instance \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP changes to \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP,
+ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP is dropped, and the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP/\fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP options are not needed unless
+***************
+*** 3218,3230 ****
+ one of the \fB\-\-delete\fP options is specified.
+ .PP
+ The code that creates the BATCH.sh file transforms any filter/include/exclude
+! options into a single list that is appended as a \(lqhere\(rq document to the
+ shell script file. An advanced user can use this to modify the exclude
+ list if a change in what gets deleted by \fB\-\-delete\fP is desired. A normal
+ user can ignore this detail and just use the shell script as an easy way
+ to run the appropriate \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP command for the batched data.
+ .PP
+! The original batch mode in rsync was based on \(lqrsync+\(rq, but the latest
+ version uses a new implementation.
+ .PP
+ .SH "SYMBOLIC LINKS"
+--- 3299,3311 ----
+ one of the \fB\-\-delete\fP options is specified.
+ .PP
+ The code that creates the BATCH.sh file transforms any filter/include/exclude
+! options into a single list that is appended as a \(dq\&here\(dq\& document to the
+ shell script file. An advanced user can use this to modify the exclude
+ list if a change in what gets deleted by \fB\-\-delete\fP is desired. A normal
+ user can ignore this detail and just use the shell script as an easy way
+ to run the appropriate \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP command for the batched data.
+ .PP
+! The original batch mode in rsync was based on \(dq\&rsync+\(dq\&, but the latest
+ version uses a new implementation.
+ .PP
+ .SH "SYMBOLIC LINKS"
+***************
+*** 3234,3251 ****
+ link in the source directory.
+ .PP
+ By default, symbolic links are not transferred at all. A message
+! \(lqskipping non-regular\(rq file is emitted for any symlinks that exist.
+ .PP
+ If \fB\-\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are recreated with the same
+ target on the destination. Note that \fB\-\-archive\fP implies
+ \fB\-\-links\fP.
+ .PP
+! If \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are \(lqcollapsed\(rq by
+ copying their referent, rather than the symlink.
+ .PP
+! rsync also distinguishes \(lqsafe\(rq and \(lqunsafe\(rq symbolic links. An
+! example where this might be used is a web site mirror that wishes
+! ensure the rsync module they copy does not include symbolic links to
+ \fB/etc/passwd\fP in the public section of the site. Using
+ \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP will cause any links to be copied as the file
+ they point to on the destination. Using \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP will cause
+--- 3315,3332 ----
+ link in the source directory.
+ .PP
+ By default, symbolic links are not transferred at all. A message
+! \(dq\&skipping non\-regular\(dq\& file is emitted for any symlinks that exist.
+ .PP
+ If \fB\-\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are recreated with the same
+ target on the destination. Note that \fB\-\-archive\fP implies
+ \fB\-\-links\fP.
+ .PP
+! If \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are \(dq\&collapsed\(dq\& by
+ copying their referent, rather than the symlink.
+ .PP
+! Rsync can also distinguish \(dq\&safe\(dq\& and \(dq\&unsafe\(dq\& symbolic links. An
+! example where this might be used is a web site mirror that wishes to
+! ensure that the rsync module that is copied does not include symbolic links to
+ \fB/etc/passwd\fP in the public section of the site. Using
+ \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP will cause any links to be copied as the file
+ they point to on the destination. Using \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP will cause
+***************
+*** 3253,3263 ****
+ \fB\-\-links\fP for \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP to have any effect.)
+ .PP
+ Symbolic links are considered unsafe if they are absolute symlinks
+! (start with \fB/\fP), empty, or if they contain enough \(lq..\(rq
+ components to ascend from the directory being copied.
+ .PP
+! Here's a summary of how the symlink options are interpreted. The list is
+! in order of precedence, so if your combination of options isn't mentioned,
+ use the first line that is a complete subset of your options:
+ .PP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-links\fP"
+--- 3334,3344 ----
+ \fB\-\-links\fP for \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP to have any effect.)
+ .PP
+ Symbolic links are considered unsafe if they are absolute symlinks
+! (start with \fB/\fP), empty, or if they contain enough \(dq\&..\(dq\&
+ components to ascend from the directory being copied.
+ .PP
+! Here\(cq\&s a summary of how the symlink options are interpreted. The list is
+! in order of precedence, so if your combination of options isn\(cq\&t mentioned,
+ use the first line that is a complete subset of your options:
+ .PP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-links\fP"
+***************
+*** 3283,3290 ****
+
+ .PP
+ rsync occasionally produces error messages that may seem a little
+! cryptic. The one that seems to cause the most confusion is \(lqprotocol
+! version mismatch \(em is your shell clean?\(rq.
+ .PP
+ This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell
+ facility producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using
+--- 3364,3371 ----
+
+ .PP
+ rsync occasionally produces error messages that may seem a little
+! cryptic. The one that seems to cause the most confusion is \(dq\&protocol
+! version mismatch \-\- is your shell clean?\(dq\&.
+ .PP
+ This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell
+ facility producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using
+***************
+*** 3302,3308 ****
+ data. Look at the contents and try to work out what is producing
+ it. The most common cause is incorrectly configured shell startup
+ scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that contain output statements
+! for non-interactive logins.
+ .PP
+ If you are having trouble debugging filter patterns, then
+ try specifying the \fB\-vv\fP option. At this level of verbosity rsync will
+--- 3383,3389 ----
+ data. Look at the contents and try to work out what is producing
+ it. The most common cause is incorrectly configured shell startup
+ scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that contain output statements
+! for non\-interactive logins.
+ .PP
+ If you are having trouble debugging filter patterns, then
+ try specifying the \fB\-vv\fP option. At this level of verbosity rsync will
+***************
+*** 3321,3333 ****
+ Errors selecting input/output files, dirs
+ .IP "\fB4\fP"
+ Requested action not supported: an attempt
+! was made to manipulate 64-bit files on a platform that cannot support
+ them; or an option was specified that is supported by the client and
+ not by the server.
+ .IP "\fB5\fP"
+! Error starting client-server protocol
+ .IP "\fB6\fP"
+! Daemon unable to append to log-file
+ .IP "\fB10\fP"
+ Error in socket I/O
+ .IP "\fB11\fP"
+--- 3402,3414 ----
+ Errors selecting input/output files, dirs
+ .IP "\fB4\fP"
+ Requested action not supported: an attempt
+! was made to manipulate 64\-bit files on a platform that cannot support
+ them; or an option was specified that is supported by the client and
+ not by the server.
+ .IP "\fB5\fP"
+! Error starting client\-server protocol
+ .IP "\fB6\fP"
+! Daemon unable to append to log\-file
+ .IP "\fB10\fP"
+ Error in socket I/O
+ .IP "\fB11\fP"
+***************
+*** 3366,3372 ****
+ more details.
+ .IP "\fBRSYNC_ICONV\fP"
+ Specify a default \fB\-\-iconv\fP setting using this
+! environment variable.
+ .IP "\fBRSYNC_RSH\fP"
+ The RSYNC_RSH environment variable allows you to
+ override the default shell used as the transport for rsync. Command line
+--- 3447,3453 ----
+ more details.
+ .IP "\fBRSYNC_ICONV\fP"
+ Specify a default \fB\-\-iconv\fP setting using this
+! environment variable. (First supported in 3.0.0.)
+ .IP "\fBRSYNC_RSH\fP"
+ The RSYNC_RSH environment variable allows you to
+ override the default shell used as the transport for rsync. Command line
+***************
+*** 3380,3392 ****
+ password allows you to run authenticated rsync connections to an rsync
+ daemon without user intervention. Note that this does not supply a
+ password to a remote shell transport such as ssh; to learn how to do that,
+! consult the remote shell's documentation.
+ .IP "\fBUSER\fP or \fBLOGNAME\fP"
+ The USER or LOGNAME environment variables
+ are used to determine the default username sent to an rsync daemon.
+! If neither is set, the username defaults to \(lqnobody\(rq.
+ .IP "\fBHOME\fP"
+! The HOME environment variable is used to find the user's
+ default .cvsignore file.
+
+ .PP
+--- 3461,3473 ----
+ password allows you to run authenticated rsync connections to an rsync
+ daemon without user intervention. Note that this does not supply a
+ password to a remote shell transport such as ssh; to learn how to do that,
+! consult the remote shell\(cq\&s documentation.
+ .IP "\fBUSER\fP or \fBLOGNAME\fP"
+ The USER or LOGNAME environment variables
+ are used to determine the default username sent to an rsync daemon.
+! If neither is set, the username defaults to \(dq\&nobody\(dq\&.
+ .IP "\fBHOME\fP"
+! The HOME environment variable is used to find the user\(cq\&s
+ default .cvsignore file.
+
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 3405,3411 ****
+ .PP
+ times are transferred as *nix time_t values
+ .PP
+! When transferring to FAT filesystems rsync may re-sync
+ unmodified files.
+ See the comments on the \fB\-\-modify\-window\fP option.
+ .PP
+--- 3486,3492 ----
+ .PP
+ times are transferred as *nix time_t values
+ .PP
+! When transferring to FAT filesystems rsync may re\-sync
+ unmodified files.
+ See the comments on the \fB\-\-modify\-window\fP option.
+ .PP
+***************
+*** 3420,3426 ****
+ .SH "VERSION"
+
+ .PP
+! This man page is current for version 3.0.6 of rsync.
+ .PP
+ .SH "INTERNAL OPTIONS"
+
+--- 3501,3507 ----
+ .SH "VERSION"
+
+ .PP
+! This man page is current for version 3.0.8 of rsync.
+ .PP
+ .SH "INTERNAL OPTIONS"
+
+***************
+*** 3441,3447 ****
+ .PP
+ A WEB site is available at
+ http://rsync.samba.org/. The site
+! includes an FAQ-O-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this
+ manual page.
+ .PP
+ The primary ftp site for rsync is
+--- 3522,3528 ----
+ .PP
+ A WEB site is available at
+ http://rsync.samba.org/. The site
+! includes an FAQ\-O\-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this
+ manual page.
+ .PP
+ The primary ftp site for rsync is
+***************
+*** 3448,3467 ****
+ ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync.
+ .PP
+ We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
+! Please contact the mailing-list at [email protected].
+ .PP
+ This program uses the excellent zlib compression library written by
+! Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
+ .PP
+ .SH "THANKS"
+
+ .PP
+! Especial thanks go out to: John Van Essen, Matt McCutchen, Wesley W. Terpstra,
+ David Dykstra, Jos Backus, Sebastian Krahmer, Martin Pool, and our
+! gone-but-not-forgotten compadre, J.W. Schultz.
+ .PP
+ Thanks also to Richard Brent, Brendan Mackay, Bill Waite, Stephen Rothwell
+! and David Bell. I've probably missed some people, my apologies if I have.
+ .PP
+ .SH "AUTHOR"
+
+--- 3529,3548 ----
+ ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync.
+ .PP
+ We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
+! Please contact the mailing\-list at [email protected].
+ .PP
+ This program uses the excellent zlib compression library written by
+! Jean\-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
+ .PP
+ .SH "THANKS"
+
+ .PP
+! Special thanks go out to: John Van Essen, Matt McCutchen, Wesley W. Terpstra,
+ David Dykstra, Jos Backus, Sebastian Krahmer, Martin Pool, and our
+! gone\-but\-not\-forgotten compadre, J.W. Schultz.
+ .PP
+ Thanks also to Richard Brent, Brendan Mackay, Bill Waite, Stephen Rothwell
+! and David Bell. I\(cq\&ve probably missed some people, my apologies if I have.
+ .PP
+ .SH "AUTHOR"
+