--- a/components/timezone/europe Thu Apr 10 09:05:47 2014 -0600
+++ b/components/timezone/europe Fri Apr 11 05:53:44 2014 -0700
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst 2dst
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
# of the text said:
#
-# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
+# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@
# </a>
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
+# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
-# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
+# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
#
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
+# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
-# so we use `BDST'.
+# so we use 'BDST'.
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
@@ -431,6 +431,8 @@
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
+#
+# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
@@ -797,7 +799,7 @@
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Bulgaria
#
@@ -825,10 +827,10 @@
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Croatia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Cyprus
-# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
+# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
# Czech Republic
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
@@ -845,6 +847,7 @@
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
+# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
@@ -1008,12 +1011,12 @@
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
-# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
+# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
-# summer time next spring.''
+# summer time next spring."
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
@@ -1068,7 +1071,7 @@
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
-# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
+# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
#
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
@@ -1125,7 +1128,7 @@
#
-# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
+# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
@@ -1415,7 +1418,7 @@
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
# </a>
-# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
+# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
@@ -1561,10 +1564,22 @@
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
- 1:00 - CET 1981
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
+# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
+# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
+# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
+# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
+# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
+# central European time was in force throughout the year.
+# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
+# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
+
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
+
# Lithuania
@@ -1652,7 +1667,7 @@
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Macedonia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Malta
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
@@ -1745,7 +1760,7 @@
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Montenegro
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Netherlands
@@ -1860,7 +1875,7 @@
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
@@ -1871,7 +1886,7 @@
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
-# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
+# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
@@ -1884,9 +1899,8 @@
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
-# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
-# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
+# for these regions.
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# Poland
@@ -2144,7 +2158,7 @@
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
-# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
+# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
@@ -2443,6 +2457,9 @@
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - ANAT
+# San Marino
+# See Europe/Rome.
+
# Serbia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
@@ -2465,7 +2482,7 @@
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# Slovenia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Spain
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
@@ -2599,7 +2616,7 @@
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
+# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
@@ -2644,23 +2661,53 @@
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
-# most users of tzdata:
-# The zone file
-# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
-# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
-# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
-# 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
+#
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
+# The Federal regulations say
+# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
+# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
+
+# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
+# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
+# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
+# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
+# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
+# hour before the beginning of service.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
+# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
+#
+# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
+# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
+#
+# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
+# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
+# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
+#
+# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
+# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
+# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
+# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
+# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
+# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
+# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
+# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
+# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
+# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
- 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
+ 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
@@ -2698,14 +2745,18 @@
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
-#
-# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872">
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
-# </a>
# Turkish:
-# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
-# </a>
+
+# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
+# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
+# Turkish Local election....
+# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
+# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17):
+# Here is an English-language source:
+# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
@@ -2774,6 +2825,8 @@
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
2:00 EU EE%sT
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
@@ -2795,19 +2848,13 @@
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
-# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/">
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
-# </a>
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
-# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html">
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
-# </a>
#
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
-# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/">
# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
-# </a>
#
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
@@ -2818,18 +2865,39 @@
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
# to Russia) was reverted today:
-#
-# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995">
# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
-# </a>
#
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
# The law documents themselves are at
+# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
+
+# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
+# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
+# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
+# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
+# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
#
-# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484">
-# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
-# </a>
-
+# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
+# "summer time" was still in action):
+# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
+# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
+#
+# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
+# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
+#
+# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
+# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
+# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
+# This is an answer.
+#
+# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
+# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
+# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
+# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
@@ -2840,9 +2908,8 @@
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:00 - EET 1992
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
@@ -2884,7 +2951,7 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
# changed in May.
@@ -2896,7 +2963,14 @@
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
+# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
+# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
+ 4:00 - MSK
+
+# Vatican City
+# See Europe/Rome.
###############################################################################