--- a/components/rsync/patches/rsync.1.patch Fri Jun 10 14:01:58 2011 -0700
+++ b/components/rsync/patches/rsync.1.patch Mon Jun 13 22:11:06 2011 -0700
@@ -1,5562 +1,3496 @@
-*** rsync-3.0.6/rsync.1 Fri May 8 10:42:39 2009
---- rsync-3.0.8/rsync.1 Sat Mar 26 14:37:52 2011
-***************
-*** 1,6 ****
-! .TH "rsync" "1" "8 May 2009" "" ""
- .SH "NAME"
-! rsync \(em a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
- .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-
- .PP
---- 1,6 ----
-! .TH "rsync" "1" "26 Mar 2011" "" ""
- .SH "NAME"
-! rsync \(em a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file\-copying tool
- .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-
- .PP
-***************
-*** 29,45 ****
- copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a
- remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control
- every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the
-! set of files to be copied. It is famous for its delta-transfer algorithm,
- which reduces the amount of data sent over the network by sending only the
- differences between the source files and the existing files in the
- destination. Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an
- improved copy command for everyday use.
- .PP
-! Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a \(lqquick check\(rq
- algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or
-! in last-modified time. Any changes in the other preserved attributes (as
- requested by options) are made on the destination file directly when the
-! quick check indicates that the file's data does not need to be updated.
- .PP
- Some of the additional features of rsync are:
- .PP
---- 29,45 ----
- copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a
- remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control
- every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the
-! set of files to be copied. It is famous for its delta\-transfer algorithm,
- which reduces the amount of data sent over the network by sending only the
- differences between the source files and the existing files in the
- destination. Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an
- improved copy command for everyday use.
- .PP
-! Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a \(dq\&quick check\(dq\&
- algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or
-! in last\-modified time. Any changes in the other preserved attributes (as
- requested by options) are made on the destination file directly when the
-! quick check indicates that the file\(cq\&s data does not need to be updated.
- .PP
- Some of the additional features of rsync are:
- .PP
-***************
-*** 46,58 ****
- .IP o
- support for copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions
- .IP o
-! exclude and exclude-from options similar to GNU tar
- .IP o
- a CVS exclude mode for ignoring the same files that CVS would ignore
- .IP o
- can use any transparent remote shell, including ssh or rsh
- .IP o
-! does not require super-user privileges
- .IP o
- pipelining of file transfers to minimize latency costs
- .IP o
---- 46,58 ----
- .IP o
- support for copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions
- .IP o
-! exclude and exclude\-from options similar to GNU tar
- .IP o
- a CVS exclude mode for ignoring the same files that CVS would ignore
- .IP o
- can use any transparent remote shell, including ssh or rsh
- .IP o
-! does not require super\-user privileges
- .IP o
- pipelining of file transfers to minimize latency costs
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 67,90 ****
- current host (it does not support copying files between two remote hosts).
- .PP
- There are two different ways for rsync to contact a remote system: using a
-! remote-shell program as the transport (such as ssh or rsh) or contacting an
-! rsync daemon directly via TCP. The remote-shell transport is used whenever
- the source or destination path contains a single colon (:) separator after
- a host specification. Contacting an rsync daemon directly happens when the
- source or destination path contains a double colon (::) separator after a
- host specification, OR when an rsync:// URL is specified (see also the
-! \(lqUSING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION\(rq section for
- an exception to this latter rule).
- .PP
- As a special case, if a single source arg is specified without a
-! destination, the files are listed in an output format similar to \(lqls \-l\(rq.
- .PP
- As expected, if neither the source or destination path specify a remote
- host, the copy occurs locally (see also the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option).
- .PP
-! Rsync refers to the local side as the \(lqclient\(rq and the remote side as the
-! \(lqserver\(rq. Don't confuse \(lqserver\(rq with an rsync daemon \(em a daemon is always a
-! server, but a server can be either a daemon or a remote-shell spawned process.
- .PP
- .SH "SETUP"
-
---- 67,90 ----
- current host (it does not support copying files between two remote hosts).
- .PP
- There are two different ways for rsync to contact a remote system: using a
-! remote\-shell program as the transport (such as ssh or rsh) or contacting an
-! rsync daemon directly via TCP. The remote\-shell transport is used whenever
- the source or destination path contains a single colon (:) separator after
- a host specification. Contacting an rsync daemon directly happens when the
- source or destination path contains a double colon (::) separator after a
- host specification, OR when an rsync:// URL is specified (see also the
-! \(dq\&USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& section for
- an exception to this latter rule).
- .PP
- As a special case, if a single source arg is specified without a
-! destination, the files are listed in an output format similar to \(dq\&ls \-l\(dq\&.
- .PP
- As expected, if neither the source or destination path specify a remote
- host, the copy occurs locally (see also the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option).
- .PP
-! Rsync refers to the local side as the \(dq\&client\(dq\& and the remote side as the
-! \(dq\&server\(dq\&. Don\(cq\&t confuse \(dq\&server\(dq\& with an rsync daemon \-\- a daemon is always a
-! server, but a server can be either a daemon or a remote\-shell spawned process.
- .PP
- .SH "SETUP"
-
-***************
-*** 93,99 ****
- .PP
- Once installed, you can use rsync to any machine that you can access via
- a remote shell (as well as some that you can access using the rsync
-! daemon-mode protocol). For remote transfers, a modern rsync uses ssh
- for its communications, but it may have been configured to use a
- different remote shell by default, such as rsh or remsh.
- .PP
---- 93,99 ----
- .PP
- Once installed, you can use rsync to any machine that you can access via
- a remote shell (as well as some that you can access using the rsync
-! daemon\-mode protocol). For remote transfers, a modern rsync uses ssh
- for its communications, but it may have been configured to use a
- different remote shell by default, such as rsh or remsh.
- .PP
-***************
-*** 119,125 ****
- This would transfer all files matching the pattern *.c from the
- current directory to the directory src on the machine foo. If any of
- the files already exist on the remote system then the rsync
-! remote-update protocol is used to update the file by sending only the
- differences. See the tech report for details.
- .PP
- .RS
---- 119,125 ----
- This would transfer all files matching the pattern *.c from the
- current directory to the directory src on the machine foo. If any of
- the files already exist on the remote system then the rsync
-! remote\-update protocol is used to update the file by sending only the
- differences. See the tech report for details.
- .PP
- .RS
-***************
-*** 129,135 ****
- .PP
- This would recursively transfer all files from the directory src/bar on the
- machine foo into the /data/tmp/bar directory on the local machine. The
-! files are transferred in \(lqarchive\(rq mode, which ensures that symbolic
- links, devices, attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc. are preserved
- in the transfer. Additionally, compression will be used to reduce the
- size of data portions of the transfer.
---- 129,135 ----
- .PP
- This would recursively transfer all files from the directory src/bar on the
- machine foo into the /data/tmp/bar directory on the local machine. The
-! files are transferred in \(dq\&archive\(dq\& mode, which ensures that symbolic
- links, devices, attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc. are preserved
- in the transfer. Additionally, compression will be used to reduce the
- size of data portions of the transfer.
-***************
-*** 141,148 ****
- .PP
- A trailing slash on the source changes this behavior to avoid creating an
- additional directory level at the destination. You can think of a trailing
-! / on a source as meaning \(lqcopy the contents of this directory\(rq as opposed
-! to \(lqcopy the directory by name\(rq, but in both cases the attributes of the
- containing directory are transferred to the containing directory on the
- destination. In other words, each of the following commands copies the
- files in the same way, including their setting of the attributes of
---- 141,148 ----
- .PP
- A trailing slash on the source changes this behavior to avoid creating an
- additional directory level at the destination. You can think of a trailing
-! / on a source as meaning \(dq\© the contents of this directory\(dq\& as opposed
-! to \(dq\© the directory by name\(dq\&, but in both cases the attributes of the
- containing directory are transferred to the containing directory on the
- destination. In other words, each of the following commands copies the
- files in the same way, including their setting of the attributes of
-***************
-*** 156,164 ****
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! Note also that host and module references don't require a trailing slash to
- copy the contents of the default directory. For example, both of these
-! copy the remote directory's contents into \(lq/dest\(rq:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWrsync \-av host: /dest\fP
---- 156,164 ----
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! Note also that host and module references don\(cq\&t require a trailing slash to
- copy the contents of the default directory. For example, both of these
-! copy the remote directory\(cq\&s contents into \(dq\&/dest\(dq\&:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWrsync \-av host: /dest\fP
-***************
-*** 168,175 ****
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! You can also use rsync in local-only mode, where both the source and
-! destination don't have a \(oq:\(cq in the name. In this case it behaves like
- an improved copy command.
- .PP
- Finally, you can list all the (listable) modules available from a
---- 168,175 ----
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! You can also use rsync in local\-only mode, where both the source and
-! destination don\(cq\&t have a \(cq\&:\(cq\& in the name. In this case it behaves like
- an improved copy command.
- .PP
- Finally, you can list all the (listable) modules available from a
-***************
-*** 186,192 ****
-
- .PP
- The syntax for requesting multiple files from a remote host is done by
-! specifying additional remote-host args in the same style as the first,
- or with the hostname omitted. For instance, all these work:
- .PP
- .RS
---- 186,192 ----
-
- .PP
- The syntax for requesting multiple files from a remote host is done by
-! specifying additional remote\-host args in the same style as the first,
- or with the hostname omitted. For instance, all these work:
- .PP
- .RS
-***************
-*** 202,223 ****
- examples:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'dir1/file1 dir2/file2' /dest\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync host::'modname/dir1/file1 modname/dir2/file2' /dest\fP
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! This word-splitting still works (by default) in the latest rsync, but is
- not as easy to use as the first method.
- .PP
- If you need to transfer a filename that contains whitespace, you can either
-! specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP (\fB\-s\fP) option, or you'll need to escape
- the whitespace in a way that the remote shell will understand. For
- instance:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'file\e name\e with\e spaces' /dest\fP
- .RE
-
- .PP
---- 202,223 ----
- examples:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'\&dir1/file1 dir2/file2'\& /dest\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync host::'\&modname/dir1/file1 modname/dir2/file2'\& /dest\fP
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! This word\-splitting still works (by default) in the latest rsync, but is
- not as easy to use as the first method.
- .PP
- If you need to transfer a filename that contains whitespace, you can either
-! specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP (\fB\-s\fP) option, or you\(cq\&ll need to escape
- the whitespace in a way that the remote shell will understand. For
- instance:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWrsync \-av host:'\&file\e name\e with\e spaces'\& /dest\fP
- .RE
-
- .PP
-***************
-*** 237,243 ****
- you either use a double colon :: instead of a single colon to
- separate the hostname from the path, or you use an rsync:// URL.
- .IP o
-! the first word of the \(lqpath\(rq is actually a module name.
- .IP o
- the remote daemon may print a message of the day when you
- connect.
---- 237,243 ----
- you either use a double colon :: instead of a single colon to
- separate the hostname from the path, or you use an rsync:// URL.
- .IP o
-! the first word of the \(dq\&path\(dq\& is actually a module name.
- .IP o
- the remote daemon may print a message of the day when you
- connect.
-***************
-*** 251,257 ****
- you must not specify the \fB\-\-rsh\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
-
- .PP
-! An example that copies all the files in a remote module named \(lqsrc\(rq:
- .PP
- .nf
- rsync \-av host::src /dest
---- 251,257 ----
- you must not specify the \fB\-\-rsh\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
-
- .PP
-! An example that copies all the files in a remote module named \(dq\&src\(dq\&:
- .PP
- .nf
- rsync \-av host::src /dest
-***************
-*** 269,286 ****
- .PP
- You may establish the connection via a web proxy by setting the
- environment variable RSYNC_PROXY to a hostname:port pair pointing to
-! your web proxy. Note that your web proxy's configuration must support
- proxy connections to port 873.
- .PP
- You may also establish a daemon connection using a program as a proxy by
- setting the environment variable RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG to the commands you
- wish to run in place of making a direct socket connection. The string may
-! contain the escape \(lq%H\(rq to represent the hostname specified in the rsync
-! command (so use \(lq%%\(rq if you need a single \(lq%\(rq in your string). For
- example:
- .PP
- .nf
-! export RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG='ssh proxyhost nc %H 873'
- rsync \-av targethost1::module/src/ /dest/
- rsync \-av rsync:://targethost2/module/src/ /dest/
- .fi
---- 269,286 ----
- .PP
- You may establish the connection via a web proxy by setting the
- environment variable RSYNC_PROXY to a hostname:port pair pointing to
-! your web proxy. Note that your web proxy\(cq\&s configuration must support
- proxy connections to port 873.
- .PP
- You may also establish a daemon connection using a program as a proxy by
- setting the environment variable RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG to the commands you
- wish to run in place of making a direct socket connection. The string may
-! contain the escape \(dq\&%H\(dq\& to represent the hostname specified in the rsync
-! command (so use \(dq\&%%\(dq\& if you need a single \(dq\&%\(dq\& in your string). For
- example:
- .PP
- .nf
-! export RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG='\&ssh proxyhost nc %H 873'\&
- rsync \-av targethost1::module/src/ /dest/
- rsync \-av rsync:://targethost2/module/src/ /dest/
- .fi
-***************
-*** 290,315 ****
- which forwards all data to port 873 (the rsync daemon) on the targethost
- (%H).
- .PP
-! .SH "USING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION"
-
- .PP
- It is sometimes useful to use various features of an rsync daemon (such as
- named modules) without actually allowing any new socket connections into a
-! system (other than what is already required to allow remote-shell access).
- Rsync supports connecting to a host using a remote shell and then spawning
-! a single-use \(lqdaemon\(rq server that expects to read its config file in the
- home dir of the remote user. This can be useful if you want to encrypt a
-! daemon-style transfer's data, but since the daemon is started up fresh by
- the remote user, you may not be able to use features such as chroot or
- change the uid used by the daemon. (For another way to encrypt a daemon
- transfer, consider using ssh to tunnel a local port to a remote machine and
- configure a normal rsync daemon on that remote host to only allow
-! connections from \(lqlocalhost\(rq.)
- .PP
-! From the user's perspective, a daemon transfer via a remote-shell
-! connection uses nearly the same command-line syntax as a normal
-! rsync-daemon transfer, with the only exception being that you must
-! explicitly set the remote shell program on the command-line with the
- \fB\-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP option. (Setting the RSYNC_RSH in the environment
- will not turn on this functionality.) For example:
- .PP
---- 290,315 ----
- which forwards all data to port 873 (the rsync daemon) on the targethost
- (%H).
- .PP
-! .SH "USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION"
-
- .PP
- It is sometimes useful to use various features of an rsync daemon (such as
- named modules) without actually allowing any new socket connections into a
-! system (other than what is already required to allow remote\-shell access).
- Rsync supports connecting to a host using a remote shell and then spawning
-! a single\-use \(dq\&daemon\(dq\& server that expects to read its config file in the
- home dir of the remote user. This can be useful if you want to encrypt a
-! daemon\-style transfer\(cq\&s data, but since the daemon is started up fresh by
- the remote user, you may not be able to use features such as chroot or
- change the uid used by the daemon. (For another way to encrypt a daemon
- transfer, consider using ssh to tunnel a local port to a remote machine and
- configure a normal rsync daemon on that remote host to only allow
-! connections from \(dq\&localhost\(dq\&.)
- .PP
-! From the user\(cq\&s perspective, a daemon transfer via a remote\-shell
-! connection uses nearly the same command\-line syntax as a normal
-! rsync\-daemon transfer, with the only exception being that you must
-! explicitly set the remote shell program on the command\-line with the
- \fB\-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP option. (Setting the RSYNC_RSH in the environment
- will not turn on this functionality.) For example:
- .PP
-***************
-*** 318,336 ****
- .fi
-
- .PP
-! If you need to specify a different remote-shell user, keep in mind that the
-! user@ prefix in front of the host is specifying the rsync-user value (for a
-! module that requires user-based authentication). This means that you must
-! give the '\-l user' option to ssh when specifying the remote-shell, as in
- this example that uses the short version of the \fB\-\-rsh\fP option:
- .PP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-e "ssh \-l ssh-user" rsync-user@host::module /dest
- .fi
-
- .PP
-! The \(lqssh-user\(rq will be used at the ssh level; the \(lqrsync-user\(rq will be
-! used to log-in to the \(lqmodule\(rq.
- .PP
- .SH "STARTING AN RSYNC DAEMON TO ACCEPT CONNECTIONS"
-
---- 318,336 ----
- .fi
-
- .PP
-! If you need to specify a different remote\-shell user, keep in mind that the
-! user@ prefix in front of the host is specifying the rsync\-user value (for a
-! module that requires user\-based authentication). This means that you must
-! give the \(cq\&\-l user\(cq\& option to ssh when specifying the remote\-shell, as in
- this example that uses the short version of the \fB\-\-rsh\fP option:
- .PP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-e \(dq\&ssh \-l ssh\-user\(dq\& rsync\-user@host::module /dest
- .fi
-
- .PP
-! The \(dq\&ssh\-user\(dq\& will be used at the ssh level; the \(dq\&rsync\-user\(dq\& will be
-! used to log\-in to the \(dq\&module\(dq\&.
- .PP
- .SH "STARTING AN RSYNC DAEMON TO ACCEPT CONNECTIONS"
-
-***************
-*** 339,349 ****
- daemon already running (or it needs to have configured something like inetd
- to spawn an rsync daemon for incoming connections on a particular port).
- For full information on how to start a daemon that will handling incoming
-! socket connections, see the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) man page \(em that is the config
- file for the daemon, and it contains the full details for how to run the
-! daemon (including stand-alone and inetd configurations).
- .PP
-! If you're using one of the remote-shell transports for the transfer, there is
- no need to manually start an rsync daemon.
- .PP
- .SH "EXAMPLES"
---- 339,349 ----
- daemon already running (or it needs to have configured something like inetd
- to spawn an rsync daemon for incoming connections on a particular port).
- For full information on how to start a daemon that will handling incoming
-! socket connections, see the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) man page \-\- that is the config
- file for the daemon, and it contains the full details for how to run the
-! daemon (including stand\-alone and inetd configurations).
- .PP
-! If you\(cq\&re using one of the remote\-shell transports for the transfer, there is
- no need to manually start an rsync daemon.
- .PP
- .SH "EXAMPLES"
-***************
-*** 351,357 ****
- .PP
- Here are some examples of how I use rsync.
- .PP
-! To backup my wife's home directory, which consists of large MS Word
- files and mail folders, I use a cron job that runs
- .PP
- .RS
---- 351,357 ----
- .PP
- Here are some examples of how I use rsync.
- .PP
-! To backup my wife\(cq\&s home directory, which consists of large MS Word
- files and mail folders, I use a cron job that runs
- .PP
- .RS
-***************
-*** 360,366 ****
-
- .PP
- each night over a PPP connection to a duplicate directory on my machine
-! \(lqarvidsjaur\(rq.
- .PP
- To synchronize my samba source trees I use the following Makefile
- targets:
---- 360,366 ----
-
- .PP
- each night over a PPP connection to a duplicate directory on my machine
-! \(dq\&arvidsjaur\(dq\&.
- .PP
- To synchronize my samba source trees I use the following Makefile
- targets:
-***************
-*** 367,373 ****
- .PP
- .nf
- get:
-! rsync \-avuzb \-\-exclude '*~' samba:samba/ .
- put:
- rsync \-Cavuzb . samba:samba/
- sync: get put
---- 367,373 ----
- .PP
- .nf
- get:
-! rsync \-avuzb \-\-exclude '\&*~'\& samba:samba/ .
- put:
- rsync \-Cavuzb . samba:samba/
- sync: get put
-***************
-*** 376,387 ****
- .PP
- this allows me to sync with a CVS directory at the other end of the
- connection. I then do CVS operations on the remote machine, which saves a
-! lot of time as the remote CVS protocol isn't very efficient.
- .PP
-! I mirror a directory between my \(lqold\(rq and \(lqnew\(rq ftp sites with the
- command:
- .PP
-! \f(CWrsync \-az \-e ssh \-\-delete ~ftp/pub/samba nimbus:"~ftp/pub/tridge"\fP
- .PP
- This is launched from cron every few hours.
- .PP
---- 376,387 ----
- .PP
- this allows me to sync with a CVS directory at the other end of the
- connection. I then do CVS operations on the remote machine, which saves a
-! lot of time as the remote CVS protocol isn\(cq\&t very efficient.
- .PP
-! I mirror a directory between my \(dq\&old\(dq\& and \(dq\&new\(dq\& ftp sites with the
- command:
- .PP
-! \f(CWrsync \-az \-e ssh \-\-delete ~ftp/pub/samba nimbus:\(dq\&~ftp/pub/tridge\(dq\&\fP
- .PP
- This is launched from cron every few hours.
- .PP
-***************
-*** 393,417 ****
- .nf
-
- \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
-! \-q, \-\-quiet suppress non-error messages
-! \-\-no\-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see caveat)
-! \-c, \-\-checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
- \-a, \-\-archive archive mode; equals \-rlptgoD (no \-H,\-A,\-X)
- \-\-no\-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. \-\-no\-D)
- \-r, \-\-recursive recurse into directories
- \-R, \-\-relative use relative path names
-! \-\-no\-implied\-dirs don't send implied dirs with \-\-relative
- \-b, \-\-backup make backups (see \-\-suffix & \-\-backup\-dir)
- \-\-backup\-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
- \-\-suffix=SUFFIX backup suffix (default ~ w/o \-\-backup\-dir)
- \-u, \-\-update skip files that are newer on the receiver
-! \-\-inplace update destination files in-place
- \-\-append append data onto shorter files
- \-\-append\-verify \-\-append w/old data in file checksum
- \-d, \-\-dirs transfer directories without recursing
- \-l, \-\-links copy symlinks as symlinks
- \-L, \-\-copy\-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
-! \-\-copy\-unsafe\-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
- \-\-safe\-links ignore symlinks that point outside the tree
- \-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks transform symlink to dir into referent dir
- \-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
---- 393,417 ----
- .nf
-
- \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
-! \-q, \-\-quiet suppress non\-error messages
-! \-\-no\-motd suppress daemon\-mode MOTD (see caveat)
-! \-c, \-\-checksum skip based on checksum, not mod\-time & size
- \-a, \-\-archive archive mode; equals \-rlptgoD (no \-H,\-A,\-X)
- \-\-no\-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. \-\-no\-D)
- \-r, \-\-recursive recurse into directories
- \-R, \-\-relative use relative path names
-! \-\-no\-implied\-dirs don'\&t send implied dirs with \-\-relative
- \-b, \-\-backup make backups (see \-\-suffix & \-\-backup\-dir)
- \-\-backup\-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
- \-\-suffix=SUFFIX backup suffix (default ~ w/o \-\-backup\-dir)
- \-u, \-\-update skip files that are newer on the receiver
-! \-\-inplace update destination files in\-place
- \-\-append append data onto shorter files
- \-\-append\-verify \-\-append w/old data in file checksum
- \-d, \-\-dirs transfer directories without recursing
- \-l, \-\-links copy symlinks as symlinks
- \-L, \-\-copy\-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
-! \-\-copy\-unsafe\-links only \(dq\&unsafe\(dq\& symlinks are transformed
- \-\-safe\-links ignore symlinks that point outside the tree
- \-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks transform symlink to dir into referent dir
- \-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
-***************
-*** 421,445 ****
- \-\-chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
- \-A, \-\-acls preserve ACLs (implies \-p)
- \-X, \-\-xattrs preserve extended attributes
-! \-o, \-\-owner preserve owner (super-user only)
- \-g, \-\-group preserve group
-! \-\-devices preserve device files (super-user only)
- \-\-specials preserve special files
- \-D same as \-\-devices \-\-specials
- \-t, \-\-times preserve modification times
- \-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times omit directories from \-\-times
-! \-\-super receiver attempts super-user activities
- \-\-fake\-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
- \-S, \-\-sparse handle sparse files efficiently
- \-n, \-\-dry\-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-! \-W, \-\-whole\-file copy files whole (w/o delta-xfer algorithm)
-! \-x, \-\-one\-file\-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
-! \-B, \-\-block\-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
- \-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
- \-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on remote machine
- \-\-existing skip creating new files on receiver
- \-\-ignore\-existing skip updating files that exist on receiver
-! \-\-remove\-source\-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dir)
- \-\-del an alias for \-\-delete\-during
- \-\-delete delete extraneous files from dest dirs
- \-\-delete\-before receiver deletes before transfer (default)
---- 421,445 ----
- \-\-chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
- \-A, \-\-acls preserve ACLs (implies \-p)
- \-X, \-\-xattrs preserve extended attributes
-! \-o, \-\-owner preserve owner (super\-user only)
- \-g, \-\-group preserve group
-! \-\-devices preserve device files (super\-user only)
- \-\-specials preserve special files
- \-D same as \-\-devices \-\-specials
- \-t, \-\-times preserve modification times
- \-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times omit directories from \-\-times
-! \-\-super receiver attempts super\-user activities
- \-\-fake\-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
- \-S, \-\-sparse handle sparse files efficiently
- \-n, \-\-dry\-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-! \-W, \-\-whole\-file copy files whole (w/o delta\-xfer algorithm)
-! \-x, \-\-one\-file\-system don'\&t cross filesystem boundaries
-! \-B, \-\-block\-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block\-size
- \-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
- \-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on remote machine
- \-\-existing skip creating new files on receiver
- \-\-ignore\-existing skip updating files that exist on receiver
-! \-\-remove\-source\-files sender removes synchronized files (non\-dir)
- \-\-del an alias for \-\-delete\-during
- \-\-delete delete extraneous files from dest dirs
- \-\-delete\-before receiver deletes before transfer (default)
-***************
-*** 449,467 ****
- \-\-delete\-excluded also delete excluded files from dest dirs
- \-\-ignore\-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
- \-\-force force deletion of dirs even if not empty
-! \-\-max\-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
-! \-\-max\-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
-! \-\-min\-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
- \-\-partial keep partially transferred files
- \-\-partial\-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
- \-\-delay\-updates put all updated files into place at end
-! \-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs prune empty directory chains from file-list
-! \-\-numeric\-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
- \-\-timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
- \-\-contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
-! \-I, \-\-ignore\-times don't skip files that match size and time
- \-\-size\-only skip files that match in size
-! \-\-modify\-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
- \-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
- \-y, \-\-fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
- \-\-compare\-dest=DIR also compare received files relative to DIR
---- 449,467 ----
- \-\-delete\-excluded also delete excluded files from dest dirs
- \-\-ignore\-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
- \-\-force force deletion of dirs even if not empty
-! \-\-max\-delete=NUM don'\&t delete more than NUM files
-! \-\-max\-size=SIZE don'\&t transfer any file larger than SIZE
-! \-\-min\-size=SIZE don'\&t transfer any file smaller than SIZE
- \-\-partial keep partially transferred files
- \-\-partial\-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
- \-\-delay\-updates put all updated files into place at end
-! \-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs prune empty directory chains from file\-list
-! \-\-numeric\-ids don'\&t map uid/gid values by user/group name
- \-\-timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
- \-\-contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
-! \-I, \-\-ignore\-times don'\&t skip files that match size and time
- \-\-size\-only skip files that match in size
-! \-\-modify\-window=NUM compare mod\-times with reduced accuracy
- \-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
- \-y, \-\-fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
- \-\-compare\-dest=DIR also compare received files relative to DIR
-***************
-*** 470,500 ****
- \-z, \-\-compress compress file data during the transfer
- \-\-compress\-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
- \-\-skip\-compress=LIST skip compressing files with suffix in LIST
-! \-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude auto-ignore files in the same way CVS does
-! \-f, \-\-filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
-! \-F same as \-\-filter='dir-merge /.rsync\-filter'
-! repeated: \-\-filter='\- .rsync\-filter'
- \-\-exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
- \-\-exclude\-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
-! \-\-include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
- \-\-include\-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
-! \-\-files\-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
- \-0, \-\-from0 all *from/filter files are delimited by 0s
-! \-s, \-\-protect\-args no space-splitting; wildcard chars only
- \-\-address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
-! \-\-port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
- \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
- \-\-blocking\-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
-! \-\-stats give some file-transfer stats
-! \-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
-! \-h, \-\-human\-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
- \-\-progress show progress during transfer
- \-P same as \-\-partial \-\-progress
-! \-i, \-\-itemize\-changes output a change-summary for all updates
- \-\-out\-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
-! \-\-log\-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
- \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
-! \-\-password\-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
- \-\-list\-only list the files instead of copying them
- \-\-bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
- \-\-write\-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
---- 470,500 ----
- \-z, \-\-compress compress file data during the transfer
- \-\-compress\-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
- \-\-skip\-compress=LIST skip compressing files with suffix in LIST
-! \-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude auto\-ignore files in the same way CVS does
-! \-f, \-\-filter=RULE add a file\-filtering RULE
-! \-F same as \-\-filter='\&dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\&
-! repeated: \-\-filter='\&\- .rsync\-filter'\&
- \-\-exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
- \-\-exclude\-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
-! \-\-include=PATTERN don'\&t exclude files matching PATTERN
- \-\-include\-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
-! \-\-files\-from=FILE read list of source\-file names from FILE
- \-0, \-\-from0 all *from/filter files are delimited by 0s
-! \-s, \-\-protect\-args no space\-splitting; wildcard chars only
- \-\-address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
-! \-\-port=PORT specify double\-colon alternate port number
- \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
- \-\-blocking\-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
-! \-\-stats give some file\-transfer stats
-! \-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output leave high\-bit chars unescaped in output
-! \-h, \-\-human\-readable output numbers in a human\-readable format
- \-\-progress show progress during transfer
- \-P same as \-\-partial \-\-progress
-! \-i, \-\-itemize\-changes output a change\-summary for all updates
- \-\-out\-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
-! \-\-log\-file=FILE log what we'\&re doing to the specified FILE
- \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
-! \-\-password\-file=FILE read daemon\-access password from FILE
- \-\-list\-only list the files instead of copying them
- \-\-bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
- \-\-write\-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
-***************
-*** 520,527 ****
- \-\-config=FILE specify alternate rsyncd.conf file
- \-\-no\-detach do not detach from the parent
- \-\-port=PORT listen on alternate port number
-! \-\-log\-file=FILE override the "log file" setting
-! \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT override the "log format" setting
- \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
- \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
- \-4, \-\-ipv4 prefer IPv4
---- 520,527 ----
- \-\-config=FILE specify alternate rsyncd.conf file
- \-\-no\-detach do not detach from the parent
- \-\-port=PORT listen on alternate port number
-! \-\-log\-file=FILE override the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting
-! \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT override the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting
- \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
- \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
- \-4, \-\-ipv4 prefer IPv4
-***************
-*** 536,547 ****
- rsync uses the GNU long options package. Many of the command line
- options have two variants, one short and one long. These are shown
- below, separated by commas. Some options only have a long variant.
-! The \(oq=\(cq for options that take a parameter is optional; whitespace
- can be used instead.
- .PP
- .IP "\fB\-\-help\fP"
- Print a short help page describing the options
-! available in rsync and exit. For backward-compatibility with older
- versions of rsync, the help will also be output if you use the \fB\-h\fP
- option without any other args.
- .IP
---- 536,547 ----
- rsync uses the GNU long options package. Many of the command line
- options have two variants, one short and one long. These are shown
- below, separated by commas. Some options only have a long variant.
-! The \(cq\&=\(cq\& for options that take a parameter is optional; whitespace
- can be used instead.
- .PP
- .IP "\fB\-\-help\fP"
- Print a short help page describing the options
-! available in rsync and exit. For backward\-compatibility with older
- versions of rsync, the help will also be output if you use the \fB\-h\fP
- option without any other args.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 558,568 ****
- you are debugging rsync.
- .IP
- Note that the names of the transferred files that are output are done using
-! a default \fB\-\-out\-format\fP of \(lq%n%L\(rq, which tells you just the name of the
- file and, if the item is a link, where it points. At the single \fB\-v\fP
- level of verbosity, this does not mention when a file gets its attributes
- changed. If you ask for an itemized list of changed attributes (either
-! \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP or adding \(lq%i\(rq to the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP setting), the
- output (on the client) increases to mention all items that are changed in
- any way. See the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option for more details.
- .IP
---- 558,568 ----
- you are debugging rsync.
- .IP
- Note that the names of the transferred files that are output are done using
-! a default \fB\-\-out\-format\fP of \(dq\&%n%L\(dq\&, which tells you just the name of the
- file and, if the item is a link, where it points. At the single \fB\-v\fP
- level of verbosity, this does not mention when a file gets its attributes
- changed. If you ask for an itemized list of changed attributes (either
-! \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP or adding \(dq\&%i\(dq\& to the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP setting), the
- output (on the client) increases to mention all items that are changed in
- any way. See the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option for more details.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 575,582 ****
- .IP "\fB\-\-no\-motd\fP"
- This option affects the information that is output
- by the client at the start of a daemon transfer. This suppresses the
-! message-of-the-day (MOTD) text, but it also affects the list of modules
-! that the daemon sends in response to the \(lqrsync host::\(rq request (due to
- a limitation in the rsync protocol), so omit this option if you want to
- request the list of modules from the daemon.
- .IP
---- 575,582 ----
- .IP "\fB\-\-no\-motd\fP"
- This option affects the information that is output
- by the client at the start of a daemon transfer. This suppresses the
-! message\-of\-the\-day (MOTD) text, but it also affects the list of modules
-! that the daemon sends in response to the \(dq\&rsync host::\(dq\& request (due to
- a limitation in the rsync protocol), so omit this option if you want to
- request the list of modules from the daemon.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 583,595 ****
- .IP "\fB\-I, \-\-ignore\-times\fP"
- Normally rsync will skip any files that are
- already the same size and have the same modification timestamp.
-! This option turns off this \(lqquick check\(rq behavior, causing all files to
- be updated.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-size\-only\fP"
-! This modifies rsync's \(lqquick check\(rq algorithm for
- finding files that need to be transferred, changing it from the default of
-! transferring files with either a changed size or a changed last-modified
- time to just looking for files that have changed in size. This is useful
- when starting to use rsync after using another mirroring system which may
- not preserve timestamps exactly.
---- 583,595 ----
- .IP "\fB\-I, \-\-ignore\-times\fP"
- Normally rsync will skip any files that are
- already the same size and have the same modification timestamp.
-! This option turns off this \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& behavior, causing all files to
- be updated.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-size\-only\fP"
-! This modifies rsync\(cq\&s \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& algorithm for
- finding files that need to be transferred, changing it from the default of
-! transferring files with either a changed size or a changed last\-modified
- time to just looking for files that have changed in size. This is useful
- when starting to use rsync after using another mirroring system which may
- not preserve timestamps exactly.
-***************
-*** 596,630 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-modify\-window\fP"
- When comparing two timestamps, rsync treats the
-! timestamps as being equal if they differ by no more than the modify-window
- value. This is normally 0 (for an exact match), but you may find it useful
- to set this to a larger value in some situations. In particular, when
- transferring to or from an MS Windows FAT filesystem (which represents
-! times with a 2-second resolution), \fB\-\-modify\-window=1\fP is useful
- (allowing times to differ by up to 1 second).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-c, \-\-checksum\fP"
- This changes the way rsync checks if the files have
- been changed and are in need of a transfer. Without this option, rsync
-! uses a \(lqquick check\(rq that (by default) checks if each file's size and time
- of last modification match between the sender and receiver. This option
-! changes this to compare a 128-bit checksum for each file that has a
- matching size. Generating the checksums means that both sides will expend
- a lot of disk I/O reading all the data in the files in the transfer (and
- this is prior to any reading that will be done to transfer changed files),
- so this can slow things down significantly.
- .IP
-! The sending side generates its checksums while it is doing the file-system
- scan that builds the list of the available files. The receiver generates
- its checksums when it is scanning for changed files, and will checksum any
-! file that has the same size as the corresponding sender's file: files with
- either a changed size or a changed checksum are selected for transfer.
- .IP
- Note that rsync always verifies that each \fItransferred\fP file was
-! correctly reconstructed on the receiving side by checking a whole-file
- checksum that is generated as the file is transferred, but that
-! automatic after-the-transfer verification has nothing to do with this
-! option's before-the-transfer \(lqDoes this file need to be updated?\(rq check.
- .IP
- For protocol 30 and beyond (first supported in 3.0.0), the checksum used is
- MD5. For older protocols, the checksum used is MD4.
---- 596,630 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-modify\-window\fP"
- When comparing two timestamps, rsync treats the
-! timestamps as being equal if they differ by no more than the modify\-window
- value. This is normally 0 (for an exact match), but you may find it useful
- to set this to a larger value in some situations. In particular, when
- transferring to or from an MS Windows FAT filesystem (which represents
-! times with a 2\-second resolution), \fB\-\-modify\-window=1\fP is useful
- (allowing times to differ by up to 1 second).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-c, \-\-checksum\fP"
- This changes the way rsync checks if the files have
- been changed and are in need of a transfer. Without this option, rsync
-! uses a \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& that (by default) checks if each file\(cq\&s size and time
- of last modification match between the sender and receiver. This option
-! changes this to compare a 128\-bit checksum for each file that has a
- matching size. Generating the checksums means that both sides will expend
- a lot of disk I/O reading all the data in the files in the transfer (and
- this is prior to any reading that will be done to transfer changed files),
- so this can slow things down significantly.
- .IP
-! The sending side generates its checksums while it is doing the file\-system
- scan that builds the list of the available files. The receiver generates
- its checksums when it is scanning for changed files, and will checksum any
-! file that has the same size as the corresponding sender\(cq\&s file: files with
- either a changed size or a changed checksum are selected for transfer.
- .IP
- Note that rsync always verifies that each \fItransferred\fP file was
-! correctly reconstructed on the receiving side by checking a whole\-file
- checksum that is generated as the file is transferred, but that
-! automatic after\-the\-transfer verification has nothing to do with this
-! option\(cq\&s before\-the\-transfer \(dq\&Does this file need to be updated?\(dq\& check.
- .IP
- For protocol 30 and beyond (first supported in 3.0.0), the checksum used is
- MD5. For older protocols, the checksum used is MD4.
-***************
-*** 637,661 ****
- specified, in which case \fB\-r\fP is not implied.
- .IP
- Note that \fB\-a\fP \fBdoes not preserve hardlinks\fP, because
-! finding multiply-linked files is expensive. You must separately
- specify \fB\-H\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\-\-no\-OPTION"
- You may turn off one or more implied options by prefixing
-! the option name with \(lqno\-\(rq. Not all options may be prefixed with a \(lqno\-\(rq:
- only options that are implied by other options (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-D\fP,
- \fB\-\-no\-perms\fP) or have different defaults in various circumstances
- (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-whole\-file\fP, \fB\-\-no\-blocking\-io\fP, \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP). You may
-! specify either the short or the long option name after the \(lqno\-\(rq prefix
- (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-R\fP is the same as \fB\-\-no\-relative\fP).
- .IP
-! For example: if you want to use \fB\-a\fP (\fB\-\-archive\fP) but don't want
- \fB\-o\fP (\fB\-\-owner\fP), instead of converting \fB\-a\fP into \fB\-rlptgD\fP, you
- could specify \fB\-a \-\-no\-o\fP (or \fB\-a \-\-no\-owner\fP).
- .IP
- The order of the options is important: if you specify \fB\-\-no\-r \-a\fP, the
- \fB\-r\fP option would end up being turned on, the opposite of \fB\-a \-\-no\-r\fP.
-! Note also that the side-effects of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option are NOT
- positional, as it affects the default state of several options and slightly
- changes the meaning of \fB\-a\fP (see the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option for more
- details).
---- 637,661 ----
- specified, in which case \fB\-r\fP is not implied.
- .IP
- Note that \fB\-a\fP \fBdoes not preserve hardlinks\fP, because
-! finding multiply\-linked files is expensive. You must separately
- specify \fB\-H\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\-\-no\-OPTION"
- You may turn off one or more implied options by prefixing
-! the option name with \(dq\&no\-\(dq\&. Not all options may be prefixed with a \(dq\&no\-\(dq\&:
- only options that are implied by other options (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-D\fP,
- \fB\-\-no\-perms\fP) or have different defaults in various circumstances
- (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-whole\-file\fP, \fB\-\-no\-blocking\-io\fP, \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP). You may
-! specify either the short or the long option name after the \(dq\&no\-\(dq\& prefix
- (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-R\fP is the same as \fB\-\-no\-relative\fP).
- .IP
-! For example: if you want to use \fB\-a\fP (\fB\-\-archive\fP) but don\(cq\&t want
- \fB\-o\fP (\fB\-\-owner\fP), instead of converting \fB\-a\fP into \fB\-rlptgD\fP, you
- could specify \fB\-a \-\-no\-o\fP (or \fB\-a \-\-no\-owner\fP).
- .IP
- The order of the options is important: if you specify \fB\-\-no\-r \-a\fP, the
- \fB\-r\fP option would end up being turned on, the opposite of \fB\-a \-\-no\-r\fP.
-! Note also that the side\-effects of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option are NOT
- positional, as it affects the default state of several options and slightly
- changes the meaning of \fB\-a\fP (see the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option for more
- details).
-***************
-*** 668,674 ****
- incremental scan that uses much less memory than before and begins the
- transfer after the scanning of the first few directories have been
- completed. This incremental scan only affects our recursion algorithm, and
-! does not change a non-recursive transfer. It is also only possible when
- both ends of the transfer are at least version 3.0.0.
- .IP
- Some options require rsync to know the full file list, so these options
---- 668,674 ----
- incremental scan that uses much less memory than before and begins the
- transfer after the scanning of the first few directories have been
- completed. This incremental scan only affects our recursion algorithm, and
-! does not change a non\-recursive transfer. It is also only possible when
- both ends of the transfer are at least version 3.0.0.
- .IP
- Some options require rsync to know the full file list, so these options
-***************
-*** 705,720 ****
- .IP
- then a file named /tmp/foo/bar/baz.c would be created on the remote
- machine, preserving its full path. These extra path elements are called
-! \(lqimplied directories\(rq (i.e. the \(lqfoo\(rq and the \(lqfoo/bar\(rq directories in the
- above example).
- .IP
- Beginning with rsync 3.0.0, rsync always sends these implied directories as
- real directories in the file list, even if a path element is really a
- symlink on the sending side. This prevents some really unexpected
-! behaviors when copying the full path of a file that you didn't realize had
-! a symlink in its path. If you want to duplicate a server-side symlink,
- include both the symlink via its path, and referent directory via its real
-! path. If you're dealing with an older rsync on the sending side, you may
- need to use the \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP option.
- .IP
- It is also possible to limit the amount of path information that is sent as
---- 705,720 ----
- .IP
- then a file named /tmp/foo/bar/baz.c would be created on the remote
- machine, preserving its full path. These extra path elements are called
-! \(dq\&implied directories\(dq\& (i.e. the \(dq\&foo\(dq\& and the \(dq\&foo/bar\(dq\& directories in the
- above example).
- .IP
- Beginning with rsync 3.0.0, rsync always sends these implied directories as
- real directories in the file list, even if a path element is really a
- symlink on the sending side. This prevents some really unexpected
-! behaviors when copying the full path of a file that you didn\(cq\&t realize had
-! a symlink in its path. If you want to duplicate a server\-side symlink,
- include both the symlink via its path, and referent directory via its real
-! path. If you\(cq\&re dealing with an older rsync on the sending side, you may
- need to use the \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP option.
- .IP
- It is also possible to limit the amount of path information that is sent as
-***************
-*** 728,735 ****
-
- .IP
- That would create /tmp/bar/baz.c on the remote machine. (Note that the
-! dot must be followed by a slash, so \(lq/foo/.\(rq would not be abbreviated.)
-! (2) For older rsync versions, you would need to use a chdir to limit the
- source path. For example, when pushing files:
- .IP
- .RS
---- 728,735 ----
-
- .IP
- That would create /tmp/bar/baz.c on the remote machine. (Note that the
-! dot must be followed by a slash, so \(dq\&/foo/.\(dq\& would not be abbreviated.)
-! For older rsync versions, you would need to use a chdir to limit the
- source path. For example, when pushing files:
- .IP
- .RS
-***************
-*** 737,749 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! (Note that the parens put the two commands into a sub-shell, so that the
-! \(lqcd\(rq command doesn't remain in effect for future commands.)
-! If you're pulling files from an older rsync, use this idiom (but only
-! for a non-daemon transfer):
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path="cd /foo; rsync" \e \fP
- .br
- \f(CW remote:bar/baz.c /tmp/\fP
- .RE
---- 737,749 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! (Note that the parens put the two commands into a sub\-shell, so that the
-! \(dq\&cd\(dq\& command doesn\(cq\&t remain in effect for future commands.)
-! If you\(cq\&re pulling files from an older rsync, use this idiom (but only
-! for a non\-daemon transfer):
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&cd /foo; rsync\(dq\& \e \fP
- .br
- \f(CW remote:bar/baz.c /tmp/\fP
- .RE
-***************
-*** 759,772 ****
- elements to have big differences, such as being a symlink to a directory on
- the receiving side.
- .IP
-! For instance, if a command-line arg or a files-from entry told rsync to
-! transfer the file \(lqpath/foo/file\(rq, the directories \(lqpath\(rq and \(lqpath/foo\(rq
-! are implied when \fB\-\-relative\fP is used. If \(lqpath/foo\(rq is a symlink to
-! \(lqbar\(rq on the destination system, the receiving rsync would ordinarily
-! delete \(lqpath/foo\(rq, recreate it as a directory, and receive the file into
- the new directory. With \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP, the receiving rsync updates
-! \(lqpath/foo/file\(rq using the existing path elements, which means that the file
-! ends up being created in \(lqpath/bar\(rq. Another way to accomplish this link
- preservation is to use the \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP option (which will also
- affect symlinks to directories in the rest of the transfer).
- .IP
---- 759,772 ----
- elements to have big differences, such as being a symlink to a directory on
- the receiving side.
- .IP
-! For instance, if a command\-line arg or a files\-from entry told rsync to
-! transfer the file \(dq\&path/foo/file\(dq\&, the directories \(dq\&path\(dq\& and \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\&
-! are implied when \fB\-\-relative\fP is used. If \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\& is a symlink to
-! \(dq\&bar\(dq\& on the destination system, the receiving rsync would ordinarily
-! delete \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\&, recreate it as a directory, and receive the file into
- the new directory. With \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP, the receiving rsync updates
-! \(dq\&path/foo/file\(dq\& using the existing path elements, which means that the file
-! ends up being created in \(dq\&path/bar\(dq\&. Another way to accomplish this link
- preservation is to use the \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP option (which will also
- affect symlinks to directories in the rest of the transfer).
- .IP
-***************
-*** 780,794 ****
- backup file goes and what (if any) suffix gets appended using the
- \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-suffix\fP options.
- .IP
-! Note that if you don't specify \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, (1) the
- \fB\-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP option will be implied, and (2) if \fB\-\-delete\fP is
-! also in effect (without \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP), rsync will add a \(lqprotect\(rq
-! filter-rule for the backup suffix to the end of all your existing excludes
-! (e.g. \fB\-f "P *~"\fP). This will prevent previously backed-up files from being
- deleted. Note that if you are supplying your own filter rules, you may
- need to manually insert your own exclude/protect rule somewhere higher up
- in the list so that it has a high enough priority to be effective (e.g., if
-! your rules specify a trailing inclusion/exclusion of \(oq*\(cq, the auto-added
- rule would never be reached).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-backup\-dir=DIR\fP"
---- 780,794 ----
- backup file goes and what (if any) suffix gets appended using the
- \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-suffix\fP options.
- .IP
-! Note that if you don\(cq\&t specify \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, (1) the
- \fB\-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP option will be implied, and (2) if \fB\-\-delete\fP is
-! also in effect (without \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP), rsync will add a \(dq\&protect\(dq\&
-! filter\-rule for the backup suffix to the end of all your existing excludes
-! (e.g. \fB\-f \(dq\&P *~\(dq\&\fP). This will prevent previously backed\-up files from being
- deleted. Note that if you are supplying your own filter rules, you may
- need to manually insert your own exclude/protect rule somewhere higher up
- in the list so that it has a high enough priority to be effective (e.g., if
-! your rules specify a trailing inclusion/exclusion of \(cq\&*\(cq\&, the auto\-added
- rule would never be reached).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-backup\-dir=DIR\fP"
-***************
-*** 799,814 ****
- (otherwise the files backed up in the specified directory
- will keep their original filenames).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-suffix=SUFFIX\fP"
- This option allows you to override the default
- backup suffix used with the \fB\-\-backup\fP (\fB\-b\fP) option. The default suffix is a ~
-! if no \-\fB\-backup-dir\fP was specified, otherwise it is an empty string.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-u, \-\-update\fP"
- This forces rsync to skip any files which exist on
- the destination and have a modified time that is newer than the source
- file. (If an existing destination file has a modification time equal to the
-! source file's, it will be updated if the sizes are different.)
- .IP
- Note that this does not affect the copying of symlinks or other special
- files. Also, a difference of file format between the sender and receiver
---- 799,820 ----
- (otherwise the files backed up in the specified directory
- will keep their original filenames).
- .IP
-+ Note that if you specify a relative path, the backup directory will be
-+ relative to the destination directory, so you probably want to specify
-+ either an absolute path or a path that starts with \(dq\&../\(dq\&. If an rsync
-+ daemon is the receiver, the backup dir cannot go outside the module\(cq\&s path
-+ hierarchy, so take extra care not to delete it or copy into it.
-+ .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-suffix=SUFFIX\fP"
- This option allows you to override the default
- backup suffix used with the \fB\-\-backup\fP (\fB\-b\fP) option. The default suffix is a ~
-! if no \-\fB\-backup\-dir\fP was specified, otherwise it is an empty string.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-u, \-\-update\fP"
- This forces rsync to skip any files which exist on
- the destination and have a modified time that is newer than the source
- file. (If an existing destination file has a modification time equal to the
-! source file\(cq\&s, it will be updated if the sizes are different.)
- .IP
- Note that this does not affect the copying of symlinks or other special
- files. Also, a difference of file format between the sender and receiver
-***************
-*** 817,850 ****
- where the destination has a file, the transfer would occur regardless of
- the timestamps.
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
-! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-inplace\fP"
-! This option changes how rsync transfers a file when the
-! file's data needs to be updated: instead of the default method of creating
- a new copy of the file and moving it into place when it is complete, rsync
- instead writes the updated data directly to the destination file.
- .IP
-! This has several effects: (1) in-use binaries cannot be updated (either the
-! OS will prevent this from happening, or binaries that attempt to swap-in
-! their data will misbehave or crash), (2) the file's data will be in an
-! inconsistent state during the transfer, (3) a file's data may be left in an
-! inconsistent state after the transfer if the transfer is interrupted or if
-! an update fails, (4) a file that does not have write permissions can not be
-! updated, and (5) the efficiency of rsync's delta-transfer algorithm may be
-! reduced if some data in the destination file is overwritten before it can
-! be copied to a position later in the file (one exception to this is if you
-! combine this option with \fB\-\-backup\fP, since rsync is smart enough to use
-! the backup file as the basis file for the transfer).
- .IP
- WARNING: you should not use this option to update files that are being
- accessed by others, so be careful when choosing to use this for a copy.
- .IP
-! This option is useful for transfer of large files with block-based changes
- or appended data, and also on systems that are disk bound, not network
-! bound.
- .IP
- The option implies \fB\-\-partial\fP (since an interrupted transfer does not delete
- the file), but conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP.
---- 823,874 ----
- where the destination has a file, the transfer would occur regardless of
- the timestamps.
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
-! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-inplace\fP"
-! This option changes how rsync transfers a file when
-! its data needs to be updated: instead of the default method of creating
- a new copy of the file and moving it into place when it is complete, rsync
- instead writes the updated data directly to the destination file.
- .IP
-! This has several effects:
- .IP
-+ .RS
-+ .IP o
-+ Hard links are not broken. This means the new data will be visible
-+ through other hard links to the destination file. Moreover, attempts to
-+ copy differing source files onto a multiply\-linked destination file will
-+ result in a \(dq\&tug of war\(dq\& with the destination data changing back and forth.
-+ .IP o
-+ In\-use binaries cannot be updated (either the OS will prevent this from
-+ happening, or binaries that attempt to swap\-in their data will misbehave or
-+ crash).
-+ .IP o
-+ The file\(cq\&s data will be in an inconsistent state during the transfer
-+ and will be left that way if the transfer is interrupted or if an update
-+ fails.
-+ .IP o
-+ A file that rsync cannot write to cannot be updated. While a super user
-+ can update any file, a normal user needs to be granted write permission for
-+ the open of the file for writing to be successful.
-+ .IP o
-+ The efficiency of rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm may be reduced if
-+ some data in the destination file is overwritten before it can be copied to
-+ a position later in the file. This does not apply if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP,
-+ since rsync is smart enough to use the backup file as the basis file for the
-+ transfer.
-+ .RE
-+
-+ .IP
- WARNING: you should not use this option to update files that are being
- accessed by others, so be careful when choosing to use this for a copy.
- .IP
-! This option is useful for transferring large files with block\-based changes
- or appended data, and also on systems that are disk bound, not network
-! bound. It can also help keep a copy\-on\-write filesystem snapshot from
-! diverging the entire contents of a file that only has minor changes.
- .IP
- The option implies \fB\-\-partial\fP (since an interrupted transfer does not delete
- the file), but conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP.
-***************
-*** 857,874 ****
- the receiving side is identical with the start of the file on the sending
- side. If a file needs to be transferred and its size on the receiver is
- the same or longer than the size on the sender, the file is skipped. This
-! does not interfere with the updating of a file's non-content attributes
- (e.g. permissions, ownership, etc.) when the file does not need to be
-! transferred, nor does it affect the updating of any non-regular files.
- Implies \fB\-\-inplace\fP,
- but does not conflict with \fB\-\-sparse\fP (since it is always extending a
-! file's length).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-append\-verify\fP"
- This works just like the \fB\-\-append\fP option, but
-! the existing data on the receiving side is included in the full-file
- checksum verification step, which will cause a file to be resent if the
-! final verification step fails (rsync uses a normal, non-appending
- \fB\-\-inplace\fP transfer for the resend).
- .IP
- Note: prior to rsync 3.0.0, the \fB\-\-append\fP option worked like
---- 881,898 ----
- the receiving side is identical with the start of the file on the sending
- side. If a file needs to be transferred and its size on the receiver is
- the same or longer than the size on the sender, the file is skipped. This
-! does not interfere with the updating of a file\(cq\&s non\-content attributes
- (e.g. permissions, ownership, etc.) when the file does not need to be
-! transferred, nor does it affect the updating of any non\-regular files.
- Implies \fB\-\-inplace\fP,
- but does not conflict with \fB\-\-sparse\fP (since it is always extending a
-! file\(cq\&s length).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-append\-verify\fP"
- This works just like the \fB\-\-append\fP option, but
-! the existing data on the receiving side is included in the full\-file
- checksum verification step, which will cause a file to be resent if the
-! final verification step fails (rsync uses a normal, non\-appending
- \fB\-\-inplace\fP transfer for the resend).
- .IP
- Note: prior to rsync 3.0.0, the \fB\-\-append\fP option worked like
-***************
-*** 878,886 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-d, \-\-dirs\fP"
- Tell the sending side to include any directories that
-! are encountered. Unlike \fB\-\-recursive\fP, a directory's contents are not copied
-! unless the directory name specified is \(lq.\(rq or ends with a trailing slash
-! (e.g. \(lq.\(rq, \(lqdir/.\(rq, \(lqdir/\(rq, etc.). Without this option or the
- \fB\-\-recursive\fP option, rsync will skip all directories it encounters (and
- output a message to that effect for each one). If you specify both
- \fB\-\-dirs\fP and \fB\-\-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-recursive\fP takes precedence.
---- 902,910 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-d, \-\-dirs\fP"
- Tell the sending side to include any directories that
-! are encountered. Unlike \fB\-\-recursive\fP, a directory\(cq\&s contents are not copied
-! unless the directory name specified is \(dq\&.\(dq\& or ends with a trailing slash
-! (e.g. \(dq\&.\(dq\&, \(dq\&dir/.\(dq\&, \(dq\&dir/\(dq\&, etc.). Without this option or the
- \fB\-\-recursive\fP option, rsync will skip all directories it encounters (and
- output a message to that effect for each one). If you specify both
- \fB\-\-dirs\fP and \fB\-\-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-recursive\fP takes precedence.
-***************
-*** 887,898 ****
- .IP
- The \fB\-\-dirs\fP option is implied by the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option
- or the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option (including an implied
-! \fB\-\-list\-only\fP usage) if \fB\-\-recursive\fP wasn't specified (so that
- directories are seen in the listing). Specify \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP (or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP)
- if you want to turn this off.
- .IP
-! There is also a backward-compatibility helper option, \fB\-\-old\-dirs\fP (or
-! \fB\-\-old\-d\fP) that tells rsync to use a hack of \(lq\-r \-\-exclude='/*/*'\(rq to get
- an older rsync to list a single directory without recursing.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-l, \-\-links\fP"
---- 911,922 ----
- .IP
- The \fB\-\-dirs\fP option is implied by the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option
- or the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option (including an implied
-! \fB\-\-list\-only\fP usage) if \fB\-\-recursive\fP wasn\(cq\&t specified (so that
- directories are seen in the listing). Specify \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP (or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP)
- if you want to turn this off.
- .IP
-! There is also a backward\-compatibility helper option, \fB\-\-old\-dirs\fP (or
-! \fB\-\-old\-d\fP) that tells rsync to use a hack of \(dq\&\-r \-\-exclude=\(cq\&/*/*\(cq\&\(dq\& to get
- an older rsync to list a single directory without recursing.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-l, \-\-links\fP"
-***************
-*** 902,913 ****
- .IP "\fB\-L, \-\-copy\-links\fP"
- When symlinks are encountered, the item that
- they point to (the referent) is copied, rather than the symlink. In older
-! versions of rsync, this option also had the side-effect of telling the
- receiving side to follow symlinks, such as symlinks to directories. In a
-! modern rsync such as this one, you'll need to specify \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP (\fB\-K\fP)
- to get this extra behavior. The only exception is when sending files to
-! an rsync that is too old to understand \fB\-K\fP \(em in that case, the \fB\-L\fP option
-! will still have the side-effect of \fB\-K\fP on that older receiving rsync.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP"
- This tells rsync to copy the referent of
---- 926,937 ----
- .IP "\fB\-L, \-\-copy\-links\fP"
- When symlinks are encountered, the item that
- they point to (the referent) is copied, rather than the symlink. In older
-! versions of rsync, this option also had the side\-effect of telling the
- receiving side to follow symlinks, such as symlinks to directories. In a
-! modern rsync such as this one, you\(cq\&ll need to specify \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP (\fB\-K\fP)
- to get this extra behavior. The only exception is when sending files to
-! an rsync that is too old to understand \fB\-K\fP \-\- in that case, the \fB\-L\fP option
-! will still have the side\-effect of \fB\-K\fP on that older receiving rsync.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP"
- This tells rsync to copy the referent of
-***************
-*** 925,931 ****
- .IP "\fB\-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP"
- This option causes the sending side to treat
- a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory. This is
-! useful if you don't want symlinks to non-directories to be affected, as
- they would be using \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP.
- .IP
- Without this option, if the sending side has replaced a directory with a
---- 949,955 ----
- .IP "\fB\-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP"
- This option causes the sending side to treat
- a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory. This is
-! useful if you don\(cq\&t want symlinks to non\-directories to be affected, as
- they would be using \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP.
- .IP
- Without this option, if the sending side has replaced a directory with a
-***************
-*** 936,953 ****
- See also \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the receiving
- side.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP"
- This option causes the receiving side to treat
- a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory, but only if it
- matches a real directory from the sender. Without this option, the
-! receiver's symlink would be deleted and replaced with a real directory.
- .IP
-! For example, suppose you transfer a directory \(lqfoo\(rq that contains a file
-! \(lqfile\(rq, but \(lqfoo\(rq is a symlink to directory \(lqbar\(rq on the receiver. Without
-! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver deletes symlink \(lqfoo\(rq, recreates it as a
- directory, and receives the file into the new directory. With
-! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver keeps the symlink and \(lqfile\(rq ends up in
-! \(lqbar\(rq.
- .IP
- One note of caution: if you use \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, you must trust all
- the symlinks in the copy! If it is possible for an untrusted user to
---- 960,991 ----
- See also \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the receiving
- side.
- .IP
-+ \fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP applies to all symlinks to directories in the source. If
-+ you want to follow only a few specified symlinks, a trick you can use is to
-+ pass them as additional source args with a trailing slash, using \fB\-\-relative\fP
-+ to make the paths match up right. For example:
-+ .IP
-+ .RS
-+ \f(CWrsync \-r \-\-relative src/./ src/./follow\-me/ dest/\fP
-+ .RE
-+
-+ .IP
-+ This works because rsync calls \fBlstat\fP(2) on the source arg as given, and the
-+ trailing slash makes \fBlstat\fP(2) follow the symlink, giving rise to a directory
-+ in the file\-list which overrides the symlink found during the scan of \(dq\&src/./\(dq\&.
-+ .IP
- .IP "\fB\-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP"
- This option causes the receiving side to treat
- a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory, but only if it
- matches a real directory from the sender. Without this option, the
-! receiver\(cq\&s symlink would be deleted and replaced with a real directory.
- .IP
-! For example, suppose you transfer a directory \(dq\&foo\(dq\& that contains a file
-! \(dq\&file\(dq\&, but \(dq\&foo\(dq\& is a symlink to directory \(dq\&bar\(dq\& on the receiver. Without
-! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver deletes symlink \(dq\&foo\(dq\&, recreates it as a
- directory, and receives the file into the new directory. With
-! \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver keeps the symlink and \(dq\&file\(dq\& ends up in
-! \(dq\&bar\(dq\&.
- .IP
- One note of caution: if you use \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, you must trust all
- the symlinks in the copy! If it is possible for an untrusted user to
-***************
-*** 960,980 ****
- See also \fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the sending side.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-H, \-\-hard\-links\fP"
-! This tells rsync to look for hard-linked files in
-! the transfer and link together the corresponding files on the receiving
-! side. Without this option, hard-linked files in the transfer are treated
- as though they were separate files.
- .IP
-! When you are updating a non-empty destination, this option only ensures
-! that files that are hard-linked together on the source are hard-linked
-! together on the destination. It does NOT currently endeavor to break
-! already existing hard links on the destination that do not exist between
-! the source files. Note, however, that if one or more extra-linked files
-! have content changes, they will become unlinked when updated (assuming you
-! are not using the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option).
- .IP
- Note that rsync can only detect hard links between files that are inside
-! the transfer set. If rsync updates a file that has extra hard-link
- connections to files outside the transfer, that linkage will be broken. If
- you are tempted to use the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option to avoid this breakage, be
- very careful that you know how your files are being updated so that you are
---- 998,1029 ----
- See also \fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the sending side.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-H, \-\-hard\-links\fP"
-! This tells rsync to look for hard\-linked files in
-! the source and link together the corresponding files on the destination.
-! Without this option, hard\-linked files in the source are treated
- as though they were separate files.
- .IP
-! This option does NOT necessarily ensure that the pattern of hard links on the
-! destination exactly matches that on the source. Cases in which the
-! destination may end up with extra hard links include the following:
- .IP
-+ .RS
-+ .IP o
-+ If the destination contains extraneous hard\-links (more linking than
-+ what is present in the source file list), the copying algorithm will not
-+ break them explicitly. However, if one or more of the paths have content
-+ differences, the normal file\-update process will break those extra links
-+ (unless you are using the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option).
-+ .IP o
-+ If you specify a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directory that contains hard links,
-+ the linking of the destination files against the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP files can
-+ cause some paths in the destination to become linked together due to the
-+ \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP associations.
-+ .RE
-+
-+ .IP
- Note that rsync can only detect hard links between files that are inside
-! the transfer set. If rsync updates a file that has extra hard\-link
- connections to files outside the transfer, that linkage will be broken. If
- you are tempted to use the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option to avoid this breakage, be
- very careful that you know how your files are being updated so that you are
-***************
-*** 982,990 ****
- see the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option for more caveats).
- .IP
- If incremental recursion is active (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP), rsync may transfer
-! a missing hard-linked file before it finds that another link for that contents
- exists elsewhere in the hierarchy. This does not affect the accuracy of
-! the transfer, just its efficiency. One way to avoid this is to disable
- incremental recursion using the \fB\-\-no\-inc\-recursive\fP option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-p, \-\-perms\fP"
---- 1031,1042 ----
- see the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option for more caveats).
- .IP
- If incremental recursion is active (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP), rsync may transfer
-! a missing hard\-linked file before it finds that another link for that contents
- exists elsewhere in the hierarchy. This does not affect the accuracy of
-! the transfer (i.e. which files are hard\-linked together), just its efficiency
-! (i.e. copying the data for a new, early copy of a hard\-linked file that could
-! have been found later in the transfer in another member of the hard\-linked
-! set of files). One way to avoid this inefficiency is to disable
- incremental recursion using the \fB\-\-no\-inc\-recursive\fP option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-p, \-\-perms\fP"
-***************
-*** 1001,1010 ****
- permissions, though the \fB\-\-executability\fP option might change just
- the execute permission for the file.
- .IP o
-! New files get their \(lqnormal\(rq permission bits set to the source
-! file's permissions masked with the receiving directory's default
-! permissions (either the receiving process's umask, or the permissions
-! specified via the destination directory's default ACL), and
- their special permission bits disabled except in the case where a new
- directory inherits a setgid bit from its parent directory.
- .RE
---- 1053,1062 ----
- permissions, though the \fB\-\-executability\fP option might change just
- the execute permission for the file.
- .IP o
-! New files get their \(dq\&normal\(dq\& permission bits set to the source
-! file\(cq\&s permissions masked with the receiving directory\(cq\&s default
-! permissions (either the receiving process\(cq\&s umask, or the permissions
-! specified via the destination directory\(cq\&s default ACL), and
- their special permission bits disabled except in the case where a new
- directory inherits a setgid bit from its parent directory.
- .RE
-***************
-*** 1011,1024 ****
-
- .IP
- Thus, when \fB\-\-perms\fP and \fB\-\-executability\fP are both disabled,
-! rsync's behavior is the same as that of other file-copy utilities,
- such as \fBcp\fP(1) and \fBtar\fP(1).
- .IP
- In summary: to give destination files (both old and new) the source
-! permissions, use \fB\-\-perms\fP. To give new files the destination-default
- permissions (while leaving existing files unchanged), make sure that the
- \fB\-\-perms\fP option is off and use \fB\-\-chmod=ugo=rwX\fP (which ensures that
-! all non-masked bits get enabled). If you'd care to make this latter
- behavior easier to type, you could define a popt alias for it, such as
- putting this line in the file ~/.popt (the following defines the \fB\-Z\fP option,
- and includes \-\-no\-g to use the default group of the destination dir):
---- 1063,1076 ----
-
- .IP
- Thus, when \fB\-\-perms\fP and \fB\-\-executability\fP are both disabled,
-! rsync\(cq\&s behavior is the same as that of other file\-copy utilities,
- such as \fBcp\fP(1) and \fBtar\fP(1).
- .IP
- In summary: to give destination files (both old and new) the source
-! permissions, use \fB\-\-perms\fP. To give new files the destination\-default
- permissions (while leaving existing files unchanged), make sure that the
- \fB\-\-perms\fP option is off and use \fB\-\-chmod=ugo=rwX\fP (which ensures that
-! all non\-masked bits get enabled). If you\(cq\&d care to make this latter
- behavior easier to type, you could define a popt alias for it, such as
- putting this line in the file ~/.popt (the following defines the \fB\-Z\fP option,
- and includes \-\-no\-g to use the default group of the destination dir):
-***************
-*** 1035,1068 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! (Caveat: make sure that \fB\-a\fP does not follow \fB\-Z\fP, or it will re-enable
-! the two \(lq\-\-no\-*\(rq options mentioned above.)
- .IP
-! The preservation of the destination's setgid bit on newly-created
- directories when \fB\-\-perms\fP is off was added in rsync 2.6.7. Older rsync
- versions erroneously preserved the three special permission bits for
-! newly-created files when \fB\-\-perms\fP was off, while overriding the
-! destination's setgid bit setting on a newly-created directory. Default ACL
- observance was added to the ACL patch for rsync 2.6.7, so older (or
-! non-ACL-enabled) rsyncs use the umask even if default ACLs are present.
- (Keep in mind that it is the version of the receiving rsync that affects
- these behaviors.)
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-E, \-\-executability\fP"
- This option causes rsync to preserve the
-! executability (or non-executability) of regular files when \fB\-\-perms\fP is
- not enabled. A regular file is considered to be executable if at least one
-! \(oqx\(cq is turned on in its permissions. When an existing destination file's
- executability differs from that of the corresponding source file, rsync
-! modifies the destination file's permissions as follows:
- .IP
- .RS
- .IP o
-! To make a file non-executable, rsync turns off all its \(oqx\(cq
- permissions.
- .IP o
-! To make a file executable, rsync turns on each \(oqx\(cq permission that
-! has a corresponding \(oqr\(cq permission enabled.
- .RE
-
- .IP
---- 1087,1120 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! (Caveat: make sure that \fB\-a\fP does not follow \fB\-Z\fP, or it will re\-enable
-! the two \(dq\&\-\-no\-*\(dq\& options mentioned above.)
- .IP
-! The preservation of the destination\(cq\&s setgid bit on newly\-created
- directories when \fB\-\-perms\fP is off was added in rsync 2.6.7. Older rsync
- versions erroneously preserved the three special permission bits for
-! newly\-created files when \fB\-\-perms\fP was off, while overriding the
-! destination\(cq\&s setgid bit setting on a newly\-created directory. Default ACL
- observance was added to the ACL patch for rsync 2.6.7, so older (or
-! non\-ACL\-enabled) rsyncs use the umask even if default ACLs are present.
- (Keep in mind that it is the version of the receiving rsync that affects
- these behaviors.)
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-E, \-\-executability\fP"
- This option causes rsync to preserve the
-! executability (or non\-executability) of regular files when \fB\-\-perms\fP is
- not enabled. A regular file is considered to be executable if at least one
-! \(cq\&x\(cq\& is turned on in its permissions. When an existing destination file\(cq\&s
- executability differs from that of the corresponding source file, rsync
-! modifies the destination file\(cq\&s permissions as follows:
- .IP
- .RS
- .IP o
-! To make a file non\-executable, rsync turns off all its \(cq\&x\(cq\&
- permissions.
- .IP o
-! To make a file executable, rsync turns on each \(cq\&x\(cq\& permission that
-! has a corresponding \(cq\&r\(cq\& permission enabled.
- .RE
-
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1078,1105 ****
- and restore ACLs that are not compatible.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-X, \-\-xattrs\fP"
-! This option causes rsync to update the remote
-! extended attributes to be the same as the local ones.
- .IP
-! For systems that support extended-attribute namespaces, a copy being done by a
-! super-user copies all namespaces except system.*. A normal user only copies
-! the user.* namespace. To be able to backup and restore non-user namespaces as
- a normal user, see the \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-chmod\fP"
- This option tells rsync to apply one or more
-! comma-separated \(lqchmod\(rq strings to the permission of the files in the
-! transfer. The resulting value is treated as though it was the permissions
- that the sending side supplied for the file, which means that this option
- can seem to have no effect on existing files if \fB\-\-perms\fP is not enabled.
- .IP
- In addition to the normal parsing rules specified in the \fBchmod\fP(1)
- manpage, you can specify an item that should only apply to a directory by
-! prefixing it with a \(oqD\(cq, or specify an item that should only apply to a
-! file by prefixing it with a \(oqF\(cq. For example:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \-\-chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,Fo-w,+X
- .RE
-
- .IP
---- 1130,1164 ----
- and restore ACLs that are not compatible.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-X, \-\-xattrs\fP"
-! This option causes rsync to update the destination
-! extended attributes to be the same as the source ones.
- .IP
-! For systems that support extended\-attribute namespaces, a copy being done by a
-! super\-user copies all namespaces except system.*. A normal user only copies
-! the user.* namespace. To be able to backup and restore non\-user namespaces as
- a normal user, see the \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option.
- .IP
-+ Note that this option does not copy rsyncs special xattr values (e.g. those
-+ used by \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP) unless you repeat the option (e.g. \-XX). This
-+ \(dq\© all xattrs\(dq\& mode cannot be used with \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP.
-+ .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-chmod\fP"
- This option tells rsync to apply one or more
-! comma\-separated \(dq\&chmod\(dq\& strings to the permission of the files in the
-! transfer. The resulting value is treated as though it were the permissions
- that the sending side supplied for the file, which means that this option
- can seem to have no effect on existing files if \fB\-\-perms\fP is not enabled.
- .IP
- In addition to the normal parsing rules specified in the \fBchmod\fP(1)
- manpage, you can specify an item that should only apply to a directory by
-! prefixing it with a \(cq\&D\(cq\&, or specify an item that should only apply to a
-! file by prefixing it with a \(cq\&F\(cq\&. For example, the following will ensure
-! that all directories get marked set\-gid, that no files are other\-writable,
-! that both are user\-writable and group\-writable, and that both have
-! consistent executability across all bits:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \-\-chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,Fo\-w,+X
- .RE
-
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1112,1118 ****
- .IP "\fB\-o, \-\-owner\fP"
- This option causes rsync to set the owner of the
- destination file to be the same as the source file, but only if the
-! receiving rsync is being run as the super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP
- and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
- Without this option, the owner of new and/or transferred files are set to
- the invoking user on the receiving side.
---- 1171,1177 ----
- .IP "\fB\-o, \-\-owner\fP"
- This option causes rsync to set the owner of the
- destination file to be the same as the source file, but only if the
-! receiving rsync is being run as the super\-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP
- and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
- Without this option, the owner of new and/or transferred files are set to
- the invoking user on the receiving side.
-***************
-*** 1124,1130 ****
- .IP "\fB\-g, \-\-group\fP"
- This option causes rsync to set the group of the
- destination file to be the same as the source file. If the receiving
-! program is not running as the super-user (or if \fB\-\-no\-super\fP was
- specified), only groups that the invoking user on the receiving side
- is a member of will be preserved.
- Without this option, the group is set to the default group of the invoking
---- 1183,1189 ----
- .IP "\fB\-g, \-\-group\fP"
- This option causes rsync to set the group of the
- destination file to be the same as the source file. If the receiving
-! program is not running as the super\-user (or if \fB\-\-no\-super\fP was
- specified), only groups that the invoking user on the receiving side
- is a member of will be preserved.
- Without this option, the group is set to the default group of the invoking
-***************
-*** 1138,1144 ****
- This option causes rsync to transfer character and
- block device files to the remote system to recreate these devices.
- This option has no effect if the receiving rsync is not run as the
-! super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-specials\fP"
- This option causes rsync to transfer special files
---- 1197,1203 ----
- This option causes rsync to transfer character and
- block device files to the remote system to recreate these devices.
- This option has no effect if the receiving rsync is not run as the
-! super\-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-specials\fP"
- This option causes rsync to transfer special files
-***************
-*** 1153,1160 ****
- option is not used, the optimization that excludes files that have not been
- modified cannot be effective; in other words, a missing \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-a\fP will
- cause the next transfer to behave as if it used \fB\-I\fP, causing all files to be
-! updated (though rsync's delta-transfer algorithm will make the update fairly efficient
-! if the files haven't actually changed, you're much better off using \fB\-t\fP).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP"
- This tells rsync to omit directories when
---- 1212,1219 ----
- option is not used, the optimization that excludes files that have not been
- modified cannot be effective; in other words, a missing \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-a\fP will
- cause the next transfer to behave as if it used \fB\-I\fP, causing all files to be
-! updated (though rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm will make the update fairly efficient
-! if the files haven\(cq\&t actually changed, you\(cq\&re much better off using \fB\-t\fP).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP"
- This tells rsync to omit directories when
-***************
-*** 1163,1224 ****
- This option is inferred if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP without \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-super\fP"
-! This tells the receiving side to attempt super-user
-! activities even if the receiving rsync wasn't run by the super-user. These
- activities include: preserving users via the \fB\-\-owner\fP option, preserving
-! all groups (not just the current user's groups) via the \fB\-\-groups\fP
- option, and copying devices via the \fB\-\-devices\fP option. This is useful
-! for systems that allow such activities without being the super-user, and
-! also for ensuring that you will get errors if the receiving side isn't
-! being run as the super-user. To turn off super-user activities, the
-! super-user can use \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-fake\-super\fP"
- When this option is enabled, rsync simulates
-! super-user activities by saving/restoring the privileged attributes via
- special extended attributes that are attached to each file (as needed). This
-! includes the file's owner and group (if it is not the default), the file's
- device info (device & special files are created as empty text files), and
-! any permission bits that we won't allow to be set on the real file (e.g.
-! the real file gets u-s,g-s,o-t for safety) or that would limit the owner's
-! access (since the real super-user can always access/change a file, the
- files we create can always be accessed/changed by the creating user).
-! This option also handles ACLs (if \fB\-\-acls\fP was specified) and non-user
- extended attributes (if \fB\-\-xattrs\fP was specified).
- .IP
-! This is a good way to backup data without using a super-user, and to store
- ACLs from incompatible systems.
- .IP
- The \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option only affects the side where the option is used.
-! To affect the remote side of a remote-shell connection, specify an rsync
- path:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path="rsync \-\-fake\-super" /src/ host:/dest/\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! Since there is only one \(lqside\(rq in a local copy, this option affects both
-! the sending and receiving of files. You'll need to specify a copy using
-! \(lqlocalhost\(rq if you need to avoid this, possibly using the \(lqlsh\(rq shell
- script (from the support directory) as a substitute for an actual remote
- shell (see \fB\-\-rsh\fP).
- .IP
- This option is overridden by both \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
- .IP
-! See also the \(lqfake super\(rq setting in the daemon's rsyncd.conf file.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-S, \-\-sparse\fP"
- Try to handle sparse files efficiently so they take
-! up less space on the destination. Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP because it's
- not possible to overwrite data in a sparse fashion.
- .IP
-- NOTE: Don't use this option when the destination is a Solaris \(lqtmpfs\(rq
-- filesystem. It doesn't seem to handle seeks over null regions
-- correctly and ends up corrupting the files.
-- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-n, \-\-dry\-run\fP"
-! This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn't
- make any changes (and produces mostly the same output as a real run). It
- is most commonly used in combination with the \fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP and/or
- \fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP options to see what an rsync command is going
---- 1222,1279 ----
- This option is inferred if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP without \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-super\fP"
-! This tells the receiving side to attempt super\-user
-! activities even if the receiving rsync wasn\(cq\&t run by the super\-user. These
- activities include: preserving users via the \fB\-\-owner\fP option, preserving
-! all groups (not just the current user\(cq\&s groups) via the \fB\-\-groups\fP
- option, and copying devices via the \fB\-\-devices\fP option. This is useful
-! for systems that allow such activities without being the super\-user, and
-! also for ensuring that you will get errors if the receiving side isn\(cq\&t
-! being run as the super\-user. To turn off super\-user activities, the
-! super\-user can use \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-fake\-super\fP"
- When this option is enabled, rsync simulates
-! super\-user activities by saving/restoring the privileged attributes via
- special extended attributes that are attached to each file (as needed). This
-! includes the file\(cq\&s owner and group (if it is not the default), the file\(cq\&s
- device info (device & special files are created as empty text files), and
-! any permission bits that we won\(cq\&t allow to be set on the real file (e.g.
-! the real file gets u\-s,g\-s,o\-t for safety) or that would limit the owner\(cq\&s
-! access (since the real super\-user can always access/change a file, the
- files we create can always be accessed/changed by the creating user).
-! This option also handles ACLs (if \fB\-\-acls\fP was specified) and non\-user
- extended attributes (if \fB\-\-xattrs\fP was specified).
- .IP
-! This is a good way to backup data without using a super\-user, and to store
- ACLs from incompatible systems.
- .IP
- The \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option only affects the side where the option is used.
-! To affect the remote side of a remote\-shell connection, specify an rsync
- path:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&rsync \-\-fake\-super\(dq\& /src/ host:/dest/\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! Since there is only one \(dq\&side\(dq\& in a local copy, this option affects both
-! the sending and receiving of files. You\(cq\&ll need to specify a copy using
-! \(dq\&localhost\(dq\& if you need to avoid this, possibly using the \(dq\&lsh\(dq\& shell
- script (from the support directory) as a substitute for an actual remote
- shell (see \fB\-\-rsh\fP).
- .IP
- This option is overridden by both \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
- .IP
-! See also the \(dq\&fake super\(dq\& setting in the daemon\(cq\&s rsyncd.conf file.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-S, \-\-sparse\fP"
- Try to handle sparse files efficiently so they take
-! up less space on the destination. Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP because it\(cq\&s
- not possible to overwrite data in a sparse fashion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-n, \-\-dry\-run\fP"
-! This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn\(cq\&t
- make any changes (and produces mostly the same output as a real run). It
- is most commonly used in combination with the \fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP and/or
- \fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP options to see what an rsync command is going
-***************
-*** 1226,1263 ****
- .IP
- The output of \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP is supposed to be exactly the same on a
- dry run and a subsequent real run (barring intentional trickery and system
-! call failures); if it isn't, that's a bug. Other output is the same to the
-! extent practical, but may differ in some areas. Notably, a dry run does not
- send the actual data for file transfers, so \fB\-\-progress\fP has no effect,
-! the \(lqbytes sent\(rq, \(lqbytes received\(rq, \(lqliteral data\(rq, and \(lqmatched data\(rq
-! statistics are too small, and the \(lqspeedup\(rq value is equivalent to a run
-! where no file transfers are needed.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-W, \-\-whole\-file\fP"
-! With this option rsync's delta-transfer algorithm
-! is not used and the whole file is sent as-is instead. The transfer may be
- faster if this option is used when the bandwidth between the source and
- destination machines is higher than the bandwidth to disk (especially when the
-! \(lqdisk\(rq is actually a networked filesystem). This is the default when both
-! the source and destination are specified as local paths.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-x, \-\-one\-file\-system\fP"
- This tells rsync to avoid crossing a
-! filesystem boundary when recursing. This does not limit the user's ability
-! to specify items to copy from multiple filesystems, just rsync's recursion
- through the hierarchy of each directory that the user specified, and also
- the analogous recursion on the receiving side during deletion. Also keep
-! in mind that rsync treats a \(lqbind\(rq mount to the same device as being on the
- same filesystem.
- .IP
-! If this option is repeated, rsync omits all mount-point directories from
-! the copy. Otherwise, it includes an empty directory at each mount-point it
- encounters (using the attributes of the mounted directory because those of
-! the underlying mount-point directory are inaccessible).
- .IP
- If rsync has been told to collapse symlinks (via \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP or
- \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP), a symlink to a directory on another device is
-! treated like a mount-point. Symlinks to non-directories are unaffected
- by this option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-existing, \-\-ignore\-non\-existing\fP"
---- 1281,1319 ----
- .IP
- The output of \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP is supposed to be exactly the same on a
- dry run and a subsequent real run (barring intentional trickery and system
-! call failures); if it isn\(cq\&t, that\(cq\&s a bug. Other output should be mostly
-! unchanged, but may differ in some areas. Notably, a dry run does not
- send the actual data for file transfers, so \fB\-\-progress\fP has no effect,
-! the \(dq\&bytes sent\(dq\&, \(dq\&bytes received\(dq\&, \(dq\&literal data\(dq\&, and \(dq\&matched data\(dq\&
-! statistics are too small, and the \(dq\&speedup\(dq\& value is equivalent to a run
-! where no file transfers were needed.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-W, \-\-whole\-file\fP"
-! With this option rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm
-! is not used and the whole file is sent as\-is instead. The transfer may be
- faster if this option is used when the bandwidth between the source and
- destination machines is higher than the bandwidth to disk (especially when the
-! \(dq\&disk\(dq\& is actually a networked filesystem). This is the default when both
-! the source and destination are specified as local paths, but only if no
-! batch\-writing option is in effect.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-x, \-\-one\-file\-system\fP"
- This tells rsync to avoid crossing a
-! filesystem boundary when recursing. This does not limit the user\(cq\&s ability
-! to specify items to copy from multiple filesystems, just rsync\(cq\&s recursion
- through the hierarchy of each directory that the user specified, and also
- the analogous recursion on the receiving side during deletion. Also keep
-! in mind that rsync treats a \(dq\&bind\(dq\& mount to the same device as being on the
- same filesystem.
- .IP
-! If this option is repeated, rsync omits all mount\-point directories from
-! the copy. Otherwise, it includes an empty directory at each mount\-point it
- encounters (using the attributes of the mounted directory because those of
-! the underlying mount\-point directory are inaccessible).
- .IP
- If rsync has been told to collapse symlinks (via \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP or
- \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP), a symlink to a directory on another device is
-! treated like a mount\-point. Symlinks to non\-directories are unaffected
- by this option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-existing, \-\-ignore\-non\-existing\fP"
-***************
-*** 1267,1274 ****
- combined with the \fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP option, no files will be updated
- (which can be useful if all you want to do is delete extraneous files).
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
-! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP"
---- 1323,1330 ----
- combined with the \fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP option, no files will be updated
- (which can be useful if all you want to do is delete extraneous files).
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
-! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP"
-***************
-*** 1276,1283 ****
- already exist on the destination (this does \fInot\fP ignore existing
- directories, or nothing would get done). See also \fB\-\-existing\fP.
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
-! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
- This option can be useful for those doing backups using the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP
---- 1332,1339 ----
- already exist on the destination (this does \fInot\fP ignore existing
- directories, or nothing would get done). See also \fB\-\-existing\fP.
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
-! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
- This option can be useful for those doing backups using the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP
-***************
-*** 1284,1306 ****
- option when they need to continue a backup run that got interrupted. Since
- a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP run is copied into a new directory hierarchy (when it is
- used properly), using \fB\-\-ignore existing\fP will ensure that the
-! already-handled files don't get tweaked (which avoids a change in
-! permissions on the hard-linked files). This does mean that this option
- is only looking at the existing files in the destination hierarchy itself.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP"
- This tells rsync to remove from the sending
-! side the files (meaning non-directories) that are a part of the transfer
- and have been successfully duplicated on the receiving side.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\fP"
- This tells rsync to delete extraneous files from the
-! receiving side (ones that aren't on the sending side), but only for the
- directories that are being synchronized. You must have asked rsync to
-! send the whole directory (e.g. \(lqdir\(rq or \(lqdir/\(rq) without using a wildcard
-! for the directory's contents (e.g. \(lqdir/*\(rq) since the wildcard is expanded
- by the shell and rsync thus gets a request to transfer individual files, not
-! the files' parent directory. Files that are excluded from the transfer are
- also excluded from being deleted unless you use the \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP
- option or mark the rules as only matching on the sending side (see the
- include/exclude modifiers in the FILTER RULES section).
---- 1340,1362 ----
- option when they need to continue a backup run that got interrupted. Since
- a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP run is copied into a new directory hierarchy (when it is
- used properly), using \fB\-\-ignore existing\fP will ensure that the
-! already\-handled files don\(cq\&t get tweaked (which avoids a change in
-! permissions on the hard\-linked files). This does mean that this option
- is only looking at the existing files in the destination hierarchy itself.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP"
- This tells rsync to remove from the sending
-! side the files (meaning non\-directories) that are a part of the transfer
- and have been successfully duplicated on the receiving side.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\fP"
- This tells rsync to delete extraneous files from the
-! receiving side (ones that aren\(cq\&t on the sending side), but only for the
- directories that are being synchronized. You must have asked rsync to
-! send the whole directory (e.g. \(dq\&dir\(dq\& or \(dq\&dir/\(dq\&) without using a wildcard
-! for the directory\(cq\&s contents (e.g. \(dq\&dir/*\(dq\&) since the wildcard is expanded
- by the shell and rsync thus gets a request to transfer individual files, not
-! the files\(cq\& parent directory. Files that are excluded from the transfer are
- also excluded from being deleted unless you use the \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP
- option or mark the rules as only matching on the sending side (see the
- include/exclude modifiers in the FILTER RULES section).
-***************
-*** 1316,1322 ****
- If the sending side detects any I/O errors, then the deletion of any
- files at the destination will be automatically disabled. This is to
- prevent temporary filesystem failures (such as NFS errors) on the
-! sending side causing a massive deletion of files on the
- destination. You can override this with the \fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP option.
- .IP
- The \fB\-\-delete\fP option may be combined with one of the \-\-delete\-WHEN options
---- 1372,1378 ----
- If the sending side detects any I/O errors, then the deletion of any
- files at the destination will be automatically disabled. This is to
- prevent temporary filesystem failures (such as NFS errors) on the
-! sending side from causing a massive deletion of files on the
- destination. You can override this with the \fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP option.
- .IP
- The \fB\-\-delete\fP option may be combined with one of the \-\-delete\-WHEN options
-***************
-*** 1327,1355 ****
- \fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP and \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-before\fP"
-! Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
- side be done before the transfer starts.
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
- .IP
- Deleting before the transfer is helpful if the filesystem is tight for space
- and removing extraneous files would help to make the transfer possible.
- However, it does introduce a delay before the start of the transfer,
- and this delay might cause the transfer to timeout (if \fB\-\-timeout\fP was
-! specified). It also forces rsync to use the old, non-incremental recursion
- algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the transfer into
- memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-during, \-\-del\fP"
-! Request that the file-deletions on the
- receiving side be done incrementally as the transfer happens. The
-! per-directory delete scan is done right before each directory is checked
- for updates, so it behaves like a more efficient \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP,
-! including doing the deletions prior to any per-directory filter files
- being updated. This option was first added in rsync version 2.6.4.
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP"
-! Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
- side be computed during the transfer (like \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP), and then
- removed after the transfer completes. This is useful when combined with
- \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP and/or \fB\-\-fuzzy\fP, and is more efficient than using
---- 1383,1411 ----
- \fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP and \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-before\fP"
-! Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
- side be done before the transfer starts.
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
- .IP
- Deleting before the transfer is helpful if the filesystem is tight for space
- and removing extraneous files would help to make the transfer possible.
- However, it does introduce a delay before the start of the transfer,
- and this delay might cause the transfer to timeout (if \fB\-\-timeout\fP was
-! specified). It also forces rsync to use the old, non\-incremental recursion
- algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the transfer into
- memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-during, \-\-del\fP"
-! Request that the file\-deletions on the
- receiving side be done incrementally as the transfer happens. The
-! per\-directory delete scan is done right before each directory is checked
- for updates, so it behaves like a more efficient \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP,
-! including doing the deletions prior to any per\-directory filter files
- being updated. This option was first added in rsync version 2.6.4.
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP"
-! Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
- side be computed during the transfer (like \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP), and then
- removed after the transfer completes. This is useful when combined with
- \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP and/or \fB\-\-fuzzy\fP, and is more efficient than using
-***************
-*** 1357,1377 ****
- computes the deletions in a separate pass after all updates are done).
- If the number of removed files overflows an internal buffer, a
- temporary file will be created on the receiving side to hold the names (it
-! is removed while open, so you shouldn't see it during the transfer). If
- the creation of the temporary file fails, rsync will try to fall back to
- using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP (which it cannot do if \fB\-\-recursive\fP is doing an
- incremental scan).
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-after\fP"
-! Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
- side be done after the transfer has completed. This is useful if you
-! are sending new per-directory merge files as a part of the transfer and
- you want their exclusions to take effect for the delete phase of the
-! current transfer. It also forces rsync to use the old, non-incremental
- recursion algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the
- transfer into memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP"
- In addition to deleting the files on the
---- 1413,1433 ----
- computes the deletions in a separate pass after all updates are done).
- If the number of removed files overflows an internal buffer, a
- temporary file will be created on the receiving side to hold the names (it
-! is removed while open, so you shouldn\(cq\&t see it during the transfer). If
- the creation of the temporary file fails, rsync will try to fall back to
- using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP (which it cannot do if \fB\-\-recursive\fP is doing an
- incremental scan).
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-after\fP"
-! Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
- side be done after the transfer has completed. This is useful if you
-! are sending new per\-directory merge files as a part of the transfer and
- you want their exclusions to take effect for the delete phase of the
-! current transfer. It also forces rsync to use the old, non\-incremental
- recursion algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the
- transfer into memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP"
- In addition to deleting the files on the
-***************
-*** 1380,1386 ****
- See the FILTER RULES section for a way to make individual exclusions behave
- this way on the receiver, and for a way to protect files from
- \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP.
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP"
- Tells \fB\-\-delete\fP to go ahead and delete files
---- 1436,1442 ----
- See the FILTER RULES section for a way to make individual exclusions behave
- this way on the receiver, and for a way to protect files from
- \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP.
-! See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP"
- Tells \fB\-\-delete\fP to go ahead and delete files
-***************
-*** 1387,1398 ****
- even when there are I/O errors.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-force\fP"
-! This option tells rsync to delete a non-empty directory
-! when it is to be replaced by a non-directory. This is only relevant if
- deletions are not active (see \fB\-\-delete\fP for details).
- .IP
- Note for older rsync versions: \fB\-\-force\fP used to still be required when
-! using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP, and it used to be non-functional unless the
- \fB\-\-recursive\fP option was also enabled.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-max\-delete=NUM\fP"
---- 1443,1454 ----
- even when there are I/O errors.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-force\fP"
-! This option tells rsync to delete a non\-empty directory
-! when it is to be replaced by a non\-directory. This is only relevant if
- deletions are not active (see \fB\-\-delete\fP for details).
- .IP
- Note for older rsync versions: \fB\-\-force\fP used to still be required when
-! using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP, and it used to be non\-functional unless the
- \fB\-\-recursive\fP option was also enabled.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-max\-delete=NUM\fP"
-***************
-*** 1402,1428 ****
- .IP
- Also new for version 3.0.0, you may specify \fB\-\-max\-delete=0\fP to be warned
- about any extraneous files in the destination without removing any of them.
-! Older clients interpreted this as \(lqunlimited\(rq, so if you don't know what
- version the client is, you can use the less obvious \fB\-\-max\-delete=\-1\fP as
-! a backward-compatible way to specify that no deletions be allowed (though
-! older versions didn't warn when the limit was exceeded).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-max\-size=SIZE\fP"
- This tells rsync to avoid transferring any
- file that is larger than the specified SIZE. The SIZE value can be
- suffixed with a string to indicate a size multiplier, and
-! may be a fractional value (e.g. \(lq\fB\-\-max\-size=1.5m\fP\(rq).
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
-! data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
-! The suffixes are as follows: \(lqK\(rq (or \(lqKiB\(rq) is a kibibyte (1024),
-! \(lqM\(rq (or \(lqMiB\(rq) is a mebibyte (1024*1024), and \(lqG\(rq (or \(lqGiB\(rq) is a
- gibibyte (1024*1024*1024).
-! If you want the multiplier to be 1000 instead of 1024, use \(lqKB\(rq,
-! \(lqMB\(rq, or \(lqGB\(rq. (Note: lower-case is also accepted for all values.)
-! Finally, if the suffix ends in either \(lq+1\(rq or \(lq\-1\(rq, the value will
- be offset by one byte in the indicated direction.
- .IP
- Examples: \-\-max\-size=1.5mb\-1 is 1499999 bytes, and \-\-max\-size=2g+1 is
---- 1458,1484 ----
- .IP
- Also new for version 3.0.0, you may specify \fB\-\-max\-delete=0\fP to be warned
- about any extraneous files in the destination without removing any of them.
-! Older clients interpreted this as \(dq\&unlimited\(dq\&, so if you don\(cq\&t know what
- version the client is, you can use the less obvious \fB\-\-max\-delete=\-1\fP as
-! a backward\-compatible way to specify that no deletions be allowed (though
-! older versions didn\(cq\&t warn when the limit was exceeded).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-max\-size=SIZE\fP"
- This tells rsync to avoid transferring any
- file that is larger than the specified SIZE. The SIZE value can be
- suffixed with a string to indicate a size multiplier, and
-! may be a fractional value (e.g. \(dq\&\fB\-\-max\-size=1.5m\fP\(dq\&).
- .IP
-! This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
-! data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
- It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
- .IP
-! The suffixes are as follows: \(dq\&K\(dq\& (or \(dq\&KiB\(dq\&) is a kibibyte (1024),
-! \(dq\&M\(dq\& (or \(dq\&MiB\(dq\&) is a mebibyte (1024*1024), and \(dq\&G\(dq\& (or \(dq\&GiB\(dq\&) is a
- gibibyte (1024*1024*1024).
-! If you want the multiplier to be 1000 instead of 1024, use \(dq\&KB\(dq\&,
-! \(dq\&MB\(dq\&, or \(dq\&GB\(dq\&. (Note: lower\-case is also accepted for all values.)
-! Finally, if the suffix ends in either \(dq\&+1\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-1\(dq\&, the value will
- be offset by one byte in the indicated direction.
- .IP
- Examples: \-\-max\-size=1.5mb\-1 is 1499999 bytes, and \-\-max\-size=2g+1 is
-***************
-*** 1436,1442 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-B, \-\-block\-size=BLOCKSIZE\fP"
- This forces the block size used in
-! rsync's delta-transfer algorithm to a fixed value. It is normally selected based on
- the size of each file being updated. See the technical report for details.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP"
---- 1492,1498 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-B, \-\-block\-size=BLOCKSIZE\fP"
- This forces the block size used in
-! rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm to a fixed value. It is normally selected based on
- the size of each file being updated. See the technical report for details.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP"
-***************
-*** 1449,1475 ****
- remote shell \fICOMMAND\fP will be used to run an rsync daemon on the
- remote host, and all data will be transmitted through that remote
- shell connection, rather than through a direct socket connection to a
-! running rsync daemon on the remote host. See the section \(lqUSING
-! RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION\(rq above.
- .IP
-! Command-line arguments are permitted in COMMAND provided that COMMAND is
- presented to rsync as a single argument. You must use spaces (not tabs
- or other whitespace) to separate the command and args from each other,
-! and you can use single- and/or double-quotes to preserve spaces in an
-! argument (but not backslashes). Note that doubling a single-quote
-! inside a single-quoted string gives you a single-quote; likewise for
-! double-quotes (though you need to pay attention to which quotes your
- shell is parsing and which quotes rsync is parsing). Some examples:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW \-e 'ssh \-p 2234'\fP
- .br
-! \f(CW \-e 'ssh \-o "ProxyCommand nohup ssh firewall nc \-w1 %h %p"'\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! (Note that ssh users can alternately customize site-specific connect
- options in their .ssh/config file.)
- .IP
- You can also choose the remote shell program using the RSYNC_RSH
---- 1505,1531 ----
- remote shell \fICOMMAND\fP will be used to run an rsync daemon on the
- remote host, and all data will be transmitted through that remote
- shell connection, rather than through a direct socket connection to a
-! running rsync daemon on the remote host. See the section \(dq\&USING
-! RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& above.
- .IP
-! Command\-line arguments are permitted in COMMAND provided that COMMAND is
- presented to rsync as a single argument. You must use spaces (not tabs
- or other whitespace) to separate the command and args from each other,
-! and you can use single\- and/or double\-quotes to preserve spaces in an
-! argument (but not backslashes). Note that doubling a single\-quote
-! inside a single\-quoted string gives you a single\-quote; likewise for
-! double\-quotes (though you need to pay attention to which quotes your
- shell is parsing and which quotes rsync is parsing). Some examples:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW \-e '\&ssh \-p 2234'\&\fP
- .br
-! \f(CW \-e '\&ssh \-o \(dq\&ProxyCommand nohup ssh firewall nc \-w1 %h %p\(dq\&'\&\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! (Note that ssh users can alternately customize site\-specific connect
- options in their .ssh/config file.)
- .IP
- You can also choose the remote shell program using the RSYNC_RSH
-***************
-*** 1479,1489 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM\fP"
- Use this to specify what program is to be run
-! on the remote machine to start-up rsync. Often used when rsync is not in
-! the default remote-shell's path (e.g. \-\-rsync\-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync).
- Note that PROGRAM is run with the help of a shell, so it can be any
-! program, script, or command sequence you'd care to run, so long as it does
-! not corrupt the standard-in & standard-out that rsync is using to
- communicate.
- .IP
- One tricky example is to set a different default directory on the remote
---- 1535,1545 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM\fP"
- Use this to specify what program is to be run
-! on the remote machine to start\-up rsync. Often used when rsync is not in
-! the default remote\-shell\(cq\&s path (e.g. \-\-rsync\-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync).
- Note that PROGRAM is run with the help of a shell, so it can be any
-! program, script, or command sequence you\(cq\&d care to run, so long as it does
-! not corrupt the standard\-in & standard\-out that rsync is using to
- communicate.
- .IP
- One tricky example is to set a different default directory on the remote
-***************
-*** 1490,1513 ****
- machine for use with the \fB\-\-relative\fP option. For instance:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path="cd /a/b && rsync" host:c/d /e/\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude\fP"
- This is a useful shorthand for excluding a
-! broad range of files that you often don't want to transfer between
- systems. It uses a similar algorithm to CVS to determine if
- a file should be ignored.
- .IP
- The exclude list is initialized to exclude the following items (these
-! initial items are marked as perishable \(em see the FILTER RULES section):
- .IP
- .RS
- .RS
- \f(CWRCS SCCS CVS CVS.adm RCSLOG cvslog.* tags TAGS .make.state
- \&.nse_depinfo *~ #* .#* ,* _$* *$ *.old *.bak *.BAK *.orig *.rej .del\-*
-! *.a *.olb *.o *.obj *.so *.exe *.Z *.elc *.ln core .svn/ .git/ .bzr/\fP
- .RE
- .RE
-
---- 1546,1569 ----
- machine for use with the \fB\-\-relative\fP option. For instance:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&cd /a/b && rsync\(dq\& host:c/d /e/\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude\fP"
- This is a useful shorthand for excluding a
-! broad range of files that you often don\(cq\&t want to transfer between
- systems. It uses a similar algorithm to CVS to determine if
- a file should be ignored.
- .IP
- The exclude list is initialized to exclude the following items (these
-! initial items are marked as perishable \-\- see the FILTER RULES section):
- .IP
- .RS
- .RS
- \f(CWRCS SCCS CVS CVS.adm RCSLOG cvslog.* tags TAGS .make.state
- \&.nse_depinfo *~ #* .#* ,* _$* *$ *.old *.bak *.BAK *.orig *.rej .del\-*
-! *.a *.olb *.o *.obj *.so *.exe *.Z *.elc *.ln core .svn/ .git/ .hg/ .bzr/\fP
- .RE
- .RE
-
-***************
-*** 1518,1536 ****
- .IP
- Finally, any file is ignored if it is in the same directory as a
- \&.cvsignore file and matches one of the patterns listed therein. Unlike
-! rsync's filter/exclude files, these patterns are split on whitespace.
- See the \fBcvs\fP(1) manual for more information.
- .IP
-! If you're combining \fB\-C\fP with your own \fB\-\-filter\fP rules, you should
- note that these CVS excludes are appended at the end of your own rules,
-! regardless of where the \fB\-C\fP was placed on the command-line. This makes them
- a lower priority than any rules you specified explicitly. If you want to
- control where these CVS excludes get inserted into your filter rules, you
-! should omit the \fB\-C\fP as a command-line option and use a combination of
-! \fB\-\-filter=:C\fP and \fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP (either on your command-line or by
-! putting the \(lq:C\(rq and \(lq\-C\(rq rules into a filter file with your other rules).
-! The first option turns on the per-directory scanning for the .cvsignore
-! file. The second option does a one-time import of the CVS excludes
- mentioned above.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-f, \-\-filter=RULE\fP"
---- 1574,1592 ----
- .IP
- Finally, any file is ignored if it is in the same directory as a
- \&.cvsignore file and matches one of the patterns listed therein. Unlike
-! rsync\(cq\&s filter/exclude files, these patterns are split on whitespace.
- See the \fBcvs\fP(1) manual for more information.
- .IP
-! If you\(cq\&re combining \fB\-C\fP with your own \fB\-\-filter\fP rules, you should
- note that these CVS excludes are appended at the end of your own rules,
-! regardless of where the \fB\-C\fP was placed on the command\-line. This makes them
- a lower priority than any rules you specified explicitly. If you want to
- control where these CVS excludes get inserted into your filter rules, you
-! should omit the \fB\-C\fP as a command\-line option and use a combination of
-! \fB\-\-filter=:C\fP and \fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP (either on your command\-line or by
-! putting the \(dq\&:C\(dq\& and \(dq\&\-C\(dq\& rules into a filter file with your other rules).
-! The first option turns on the per\-directory scanning for the .cvsignore
-! file. The second option does a one\-time import of the CVS excludes
- mentioned above.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-f, \-\-filter=RULE\fP"
-***************
-*** 1551,1567 ****
- your command. The first time it is used is a shorthand for this rule:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW \-\-filter='dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! This tells rsync to look for per-directory .rsync\-filter files that have
- been sprinkled through the hierarchy and use their rules to filter the
- files in the transfer. If \fB\-F\fP is repeated, it is a shorthand for this
- rule:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW \-\-filter='exclude .rsync\-filter'\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
---- 1607,1623 ----
- your command. The first time it is used is a shorthand for this rule:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW \-\-filter='\&dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\&\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! This tells rsync to look for per\-directory .rsync\-filter files that have
- been sprinkled through the hierarchy and use their rules to filter the
- files in the transfer. If \fB\-F\fP is repeated, it is a shorthand for this
- rule:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \f(CW \-\-filter='\&exclude .rsync\-filter'\&\fP
- .RE
-
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1573,1579 ****
- .IP "\fB\-\-exclude=PATTERN\fP"
- This option is a simplified form of the
- \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an exclude rule and does not allow
-! the full rule-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
- .IP
- See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
- .IP
---- 1629,1635 ----
- .IP "\fB\-\-exclude=PATTERN\fP"
- This option is a simplified form of the
- \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an exclude rule and does not allow
-! the full rule\-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
- .IP
- See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1580,1592 ****
- .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-from=FILE\fP"
- This option is related to the \fB\-\-exclude\fP
- option, but it specifies a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line).
-! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(oq;\(cq or \(oq#\(cq are ignored.
- If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-include=PATTERN\fP"
- This option is a simplified form of the
- \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an include rule and does not allow
-! the full rule-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
- .IP
- See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
- .IP
---- 1636,1648 ----
- .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-from=FILE\fP"
- This option is related to the \fB\-\-exclude\fP
- option, but it specifies a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line).
-! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(cq\&;\(cq\& or \(cq\&#\(cq\& are ignored.
- If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-include=PATTERN\fP"
- This option is a simplified form of the
- \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an include rule and does not allow
-! the full rule\-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
- .IP
- See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1593,1599 ****
- .IP "\fB\-\-include\-from=FILE\fP"
- This option is related to the \fB\-\-include\fP
- option, but it specifies a FILE that contains include patterns (one per line).
-! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(oq;\(cq or \(oq#\(cq are ignored.
- If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-files\-from=FILE\fP"
---- 1649,1655 ----
- .IP "\fB\-\-include\-from=FILE\fP"
- This option is related to the \fB\-\-include\fP
- option, but it specifies a FILE that contains include patterns (one per line).
-! Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(cq\&;\(cq\& or \(cq\&#\(cq\& are ignored.
- If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-files\-from=FILE\fP"
-***************
-*** 1612,1622 ****
- specified in the list on the destination rather than noisily skipping
- them (use \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP if you want to turn that off).
- .IP o
-! The \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) option's behavior does not imply \fB\-\-recursive\fP
- (\fB\-r\fP), so specify it explicitly, if you want it.
- .IP o
-! These side-effects change the default state of rsync, so the position
-! of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option on the command-line has no bearing on how
- other options are parsed (e.g. \fB\-a\fP works the same before or after
- \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, as does \fB\-\-no\-R\fP and all other options).
- .RE
---- 1668,1678 ----
- specified in the list on the destination rather than noisily skipping
- them (use \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP if you want to turn that off).
- .IP o
-! The \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) option\(cq\&s behavior does not imply \fB\-\-recursive\fP
- (\fB\-r\fP), so specify it explicitly, if you want it.
- .IP o
-! These side\-effects change the default state of rsync, so the position
-! of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option on the command\-line has no bearing on how
- other options are parsed (e.g. \fB\-a\fP works the same before or after
- \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, as does \fB\-\-no\-R\fP and all other options).
- .RE
-***************
-*** 1623,1629 ****
-
- .IP
- The filenames that are read from the FILE are all relative to the
-! source dir \(em any leading slashes are removed and no \(lq..\(rq references are
- allowed to go higher than the source dir. For example, take this
- command:
- .IP
---- 1679,1685 ----
-
- .IP
- The filenames that are read from the FILE are all relative to the
-! source dir \-\- any leading slashes are removed and no \(dq\&..\(dq\& references are
- allowed to go higher than the source dir. For example, take this
- command:
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1632,1655 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! If /tmp/foo contains the string \(lqbin\(rq (or even \(lq/bin\(rq), the /usr/bin
- directory will be created as /backup/bin on the remote host. If it
-! contains \(lqbin/\(rq (note the trailing slash), the immediate contents of
- the directory would also be sent (without needing to be explicitly
-! mentioned in the file \(em this began in version 2.6.4). In both cases,
-! if the \fB\-r\fP option was enabled, that dir's entire hierarchy would
- also be transferred (keep in mind that \fB\-r\fP needs to be specified
- explicitly with \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, since it is not implied by \fB\-a\fP).
- Also note
- that the effect of the (enabled by default) \fB\-\-relative\fP option is to
-! duplicate only the path info that is read from the file \(em it does not
-! force the duplication of the source-spec path (/usr in this case).
- .IP
- In addition, the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP file can be read from the remote host
-! instead of the local host if you specify a \(lqhost:\(rq in front of the file
-! (the host must match one end of the transfer). As a short-cut, you can
-! specify just a prefix of \(lq:\(rq to mean \(lquse the remote end of the
-! transfer\(rq. For example:
- .IP
- .RS
- \f(CW rsync \-a \-\-files\-from=:/path/file\-list src:/ /tmp/copy\fP
---- 1688,1711 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! If /tmp/foo contains the string \(dq\&bin\(dq\& (or even \(dq\&/bin\(dq\&), the /usr/bin
- directory will be created as /backup/bin on the remote host. If it
-! contains \(dq\&bin/\(dq\& (note the trailing slash), the immediate contents of
- the directory would also be sent (without needing to be explicitly
-! mentioned in the file \-\- this began in version 2.6.4). In both cases,
-! if the \fB\-r\fP option was enabled, that dir\(cq\&s entire hierarchy would
- also be transferred (keep in mind that \fB\-r\fP needs to be specified
- explicitly with \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, since it is not implied by \fB\-a\fP).
- Also note
- that the effect of the (enabled by default) \fB\-\-relative\fP option is to
-! duplicate only the path info that is read from the file \-\- it does not
-! force the duplication of the source\-spec path (/usr in this case).
- .IP
- In addition, the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP file can be read from the remote host
-! instead of the local host if you specify a \(dq\&host:\(dq\& in front of the file
-! (the host must match one end of the transfer). As a short\-cut, you can
-! specify just a prefix of \(dq\&:\(dq\& to mean \(dq\&use the remote end of the
-! transfer\(dq\&. For example:
- .IP
- .RS
- \f(CW rsync \-a \-\-files\-from=:/path/file\-list src:/ /tmp/copy\fP
-***************
-*** 1656,1687 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! This would copy all the files specified in the /path/file-list file that
-! was located on the remote \(lqsrc\(rq host.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-0, \-\-from0\fP"
- This tells rsync that the rules/filenames it reads from a
-! file are terminated by a null ('\e0') character, not a NL, CR, or CR+LF.
- This affects \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP, \fB\-\-include\-from\fP, \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, and any
- merged files specified in a \fB\-\-filter\fP rule.
- It does not affect \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (since all names read from a .cvsignore
- file are split on whitespace).
- .IP
-- If the \fB\-\-iconv\fP and \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP options are specified and the
-- \fB\-\-files\-from\fP filenames are being sent from one host to another, the
-- filenames will be translated from the sending host's charset to the
-- receiving host's charset.
-- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-s, \-\-protect\-args\fP"
-! This option sends all filenames and some options to
- the remote rsync without allowing the remote shell to interpret them. This
-! means that spaces are not split in names, and any non-wildcard special
- characters are not translated (such as ~, $, ;, &, etc.). Wildcards are
- expanded on the remote host by rsync (instead of the shell doing it).
- .IP
-! If you use this option with \fB\-\-iconv\fP, the args will also be translated
-! from the local to the remote character-set. The translation happens before
-! wild-cards are expanded. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR\fP"
- This option instructs rsync to use DIR as a
---- 1712,1750 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! This would copy all the files specified in the /path/file\-list file that
-! was located on the remote \(dq\&src\(dq\& host.
- .IP
-+ If the \fB\-\-iconv\fP and \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP options are specified and the
-+ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP filenames are being sent from one host to another, the
-+ filenames will be translated from the sending host\(cq\&s charset to the
-+ receiving host\(cq\&s charset.
-+ .IP
-+ NOTE: sorting the list of files in the \-\-files\-from input helps rsync to be
-+ more efficient, as it will avoid re\-visiting the path elements that are shared
-+ between adjacent entries. If the input is not sorted, some path elements
-+ (implied directories) may end up being scanned multiple times, and rsync will
-+ eventually unduplicate them after they get turned into file\-list elements.
-+ .IP
- .IP "\fB\-0, \-\-from0\fP"
- This tells rsync that the rules/filenames it reads from a
-! file are terminated by a null (\(cq\&\e0\(cq\&) character, not a NL, CR, or CR+LF.
- This affects \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP, \fB\-\-include\-from\fP, \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, and any
- merged files specified in a \fB\-\-filter\fP rule.
- It does not affect \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (since all names read from a .cvsignore
- file are split on whitespace).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-s, \-\-protect\-args\fP"
-! This option sends all filenames and most options to
- the remote rsync without allowing the remote shell to interpret them. This
-! means that spaces are not split in names, and any non\-wildcard special
- characters are not translated (such as ~, $, ;, &, etc.). Wildcards are
- expanded on the remote host by rsync (instead of the shell doing it).
- .IP
-! If you use this option with \fB\-\-iconv\fP, the args related to the remote
-! side will also be translated
-! from the local to the remote character\-set. The translation happens before
-! wild\-cards are expanded. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR\fP"
- This option instructs rsync to use DIR as a
-***************
-*** 1706,1730 ****
- If you are using this option for reasons other than a shortage of disk
- space, you may wish to combine it with the \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP option,
- which will ensure that all copied files get put into subdirectories in the
-! destination hierarchy, awaiting the end of the transfer. If you don't
- have enough room to duplicate all the arriving files on the destination
-! partition, another way to tell rsync that you aren't overly concerned
- about disk space is to use the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option with a relative
- path; because this tells rsync that it is OK to stash off a copy of a
- single file in a subdir in the destination hierarchy, rsync will use the
-! partial-dir as a staging area to bring over the copied file, and then
- rename it into place from there. (Specifying a \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP with
-! an absolute path does not have this side-effect.)
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-y, \-\-fuzzy\fP"
- This option tells rsync that it should look for a
- basis file for any destination file that is missing. The current algorithm
- looks in the same directory as the destination file for either a file that
-! has an identical size and modified-time, or a similarly-named file. If
- found, rsync uses the fuzzy basis file to try to speed up the transfer.
- .IP
- Note that the use of the \fB\-\-delete\fP option might get rid of any potential
-! fuzzy-match files, so either use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP or specify some
- filename exclusions if you need to prevent this.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-compare\-dest=DIR\fP"
---- 1769,1793 ----
- If you are using this option for reasons other than a shortage of disk
- space, you may wish to combine it with the \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP option,
- which will ensure that all copied files get put into subdirectories in the
-! destination hierarchy, awaiting the end of the transfer. If you don\(cq\&t
- have enough room to duplicate all the arriving files on the destination
-! partition, another way to tell rsync that you aren\(cq\&t overly concerned
- about disk space is to use the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option with a relative
- path; because this tells rsync that it is OK to stash off a copy of a
- single file in a subdir in the destination hierarchy, rsync will use the
-! partial\-dir as a staging area to bring over the copied file, and then
- rename it into place from there. (Specifying a \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP with
-! an absolute path does not have this side\-effect.)
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-y, \-\-fuzzy\fP"
- This option tells rsync that it should look for a
- basis file for any destination file that is missing. The current algorithm
- looks in the same directory as the destination file for either a file that
-! has an identical size and modified\-time, or a similarly\-named file. If
- found, rsync uses the fuzzy basis file to try to speed up the transfer.
- .IP
- Note that the use of the \fB\-\-delete\fP option might get rid of any potential
-! fuzzy\-match files, so either use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP or specify some
- filename exclusions if you need to prevent this.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-compare\-dest=DIR\fP"
-***************
-*** 1732,1738 ****
- the destination machine as an additional hierarchy to compare destination
- files against doing transfers (if the files are missing in the destination
- directory). If a file is found in \fIDIR\fP that is identical to the
-! sender's file, the file will NOT be transferred to the destination
- directory. This is useful for creating a sparse backup of just files that
- have changed from an earlier backup.
- .IP
---- 1795,1801 ----
- the destination machine as an additional hierarchy to compare destination
- files against doing transfers (if the files are missing in the destination
- directory). If a file is found in \fIDIR\fP that is identical to the
-! sender\(cq\&s file, the file will NOT be transferred to the destination
- directory. This is useful for creating a sparse backup of just files that
- have changed from an earlier backup.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1752,1758 ****
- rsync will also copy unchanged files found in \fIDIR\fP to the destination
- directory using a local copy.
- This is useful for doing transfers to a new destination while leaving
-! existing files intact, and then doing a flash-cutover when all files have
- been successfully transferred.
- .IP
- Multiple \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP directories may be provided, which will cause
---- 1815,1821 ----
- rsync will also copy unchanged files found in \fIDIR\fP to the destination
- directory using a local copy.
- This is useful for doing transfers to a new destination while leaving
-! existing files intact, and then doing a flash\-cutover when all files have
- been successfully transferred.
- .IP
- Multiple \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP directories may be provided, which will cause
-***************
-*** 1775,1784 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! If file's aren't linking, double-check their attributes. Also check if some
-! attributes are getting forced outside of rsync's control, such a mount option
- that squishes root to a single user, or mounts a removable drive with generic
-! ownership (such as OS X's \(lqIgnore ownership on this volume\(rq option).
- .IP
- Beginning in version 2.6.4, multiple \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directories may be
- provided, which will cause rsync to search the list in the order specified
---- 1838,1847 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! If file\(cq\&s aren\(cq\&t linking, double\-check their attributes. Also check if some
-! attributes are getting forced outside of rsync\(cq\&s control, such a mount option
- that squishes root to a single user, or mounts a removable drive with generic
-! ownership (such as OS X\(cq\&s \(dq\&Ignore ownership on this volume\(dq\& option).
- .IP
- Beginning in version 2.6.4, multiple \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directories may be
- provided, which will cause rsync to search the list in the order specified
-***************
-*** 1789,1797 ****
- selected to try to speed up the transfer.
- .IP
- This option works best when copying into an empty destination hierarchy, as
-! rsync treats existing files as definitive (so it never looks in the link-dest
- dirs when a destination file already exists), and as malleable (so it might
-! change the attributes of a destination file, which affects all the hard-linked
- versions).
- .IP
- Note that if you combine this option with \fB\-\-ignore\-times\fP, rsync will not
---- 1852,1860 ----
- selected to try to speed up the transfer.
- .IP
- This option works best when copying into an empty destination hierarchy, as
-! rsync treats existing files as definitive (so it never looks in the link\-dest
- dirs when a destination file already exists), and as malleable (so it might
-! change the attributes of a destination file, which affects all the hard\-linked
- versions).
- .IP
- Note that if you combine this option with \fB\-\-ignore\-times\fP, rsync will not
-***************
-*** 1803,1816 ****
- See also \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP and \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP.
- .IP
- Note that rsync versions prior to 2.6.1 had a bug that could prevent
-! \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP from working properly for a non-super-user when \fB\-o\fP was
-! specified (or implied by \fB\-a\fP). You can work-around this bug by avoiding
- the \fB\-o\fP option when sending to an old rsync.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-z, \-\-compress\fP"
- With this option, rsync compresses the file data
- as it is sent to the destination machine, which reduces the amount of data
-! being transmitted \(em something that is useful over a slow connection.
- .IP
- Note that this option typically achieves better compression ratios than can
- be achieved by using a compressing remote shell or a compressing transport
---- 1866,1879 ----
- See also \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP and \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP.
- .IP
- Note that rsync versions prior to 2.6.1 had a bug that could prevent
-! \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP from working properly for a non\-super\-user when \fB\-o\fP was
-! specified (or implied by \fB\-a\fP). You can work\-around this bug by avoiding
- the \fB\-o\fP option when sending to an old rsync.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-z, \-\-compress\fP"
- With this option, rsync compresses the file data
- as it is sent to the destination machine, which reduces the amount of data
-! being transmitted \-\- something that is useful over a slow connection.
- .IP
- Note that this option typically achieves better compression ratios than can
- be achieved by using a compressing remote shell or a compressing transport
-***************
-*** 1822,1828 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-level=NUM\fP"
- Explicitly set the compression level to use
-! (see \fB\-\-compress\fP) instead of letting it default. If NUM is non-zero,
- the \fB\-\-compress\fP option is implied.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-skip\-compress=LIST\fP"
---- 1885,1891 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-level=NUM\fP"
- Explicitly set the compression level to use
-! (see \fB\-\-compress\fP) instead of letting it default. If NUM is non\-zero,
- the \fB\-\-compress\fP option is implied.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-skip\-compress=LIST\fP"
-***************
-*** 1832,1844 ****
- .IP
- You may specify an empty string to indicate that no file should be skipped.
- .IP
-! Simple character-class matching is supported: each must consist of a list
- of letters inside the square brackets (e.g. no special classes, such as
-! \(lq[:alpha:]\(rq, are supported).
- .IP
-! The characters asterisk (*) and question-mark (?) have no special meaning.
- .IP
-! Here's an example that specifies 6 suffixes to skip (since 1 of the 5 rules
- matches 2 suffixes):
- .IP
- .nf
---- 1895,1907 ----
- .IP
- You may specify an empty string to indicate that no file should be skipped.
- .IP
-! Simple character\-class matching is supported: each must consist of a list
- of letters inside the square brackets (e.g. no special classes, such as
-! \(dq\&[:alpha:]\(dq\&, are supported, and \(cq\&\-\(cq\& has no special meaning).
- .IP
-! The characters asterisk (*) and question\-mark (?) have no special meaning.
- .IP
-! Here\(cq\&s an example that specifies 6 suffixes to skip (since 1 of the 5 rules
- matches 2 suffixes):
- .IP
- .nf
-***************
-*** 1846,1862 ****
- .fi
-
- .IP
-! The default list of suffixes that will not be compressed is this (several
-! of these are newly added for 3.0.0):
- .IP
-! .nf
-! gz/zip/z/rpm/deb/iso/bz2/t[gb]z/7z/mp[34]/mov/avi/ogg/jpg/jpeg
-! .fi
-!
- .IP
- This list will be replaced by your \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP list in all but one
- situation: a copy from a daemon rsync will add your skipped suffixes to
-! its list of non-compressing files (and its list may be configured to a
- different default).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP"
---- 1909,1938 ----
- .fi
-
- .IP
-! The default list of suffixes that will not be compressed is this (in this
-! version of rsync):
- .IP
-! \fB7z\fP
-! \fBavi\fP
-! \fBbz2\fP
-! \fBdeb\fP
-! \fBgz\fP
-! \fBiso\fP
-! \fBjpeg\fP
-! \fBjpg\fP
-! \fBmov\fP
-! \fBmp3\fP
-! \fBmp4\fP
-! \fBogg\fP
-! \fBrpm\fP
-! \fBtbz\fP
-! \fBtgz\fP
-! \fBz\fP
-! \fBzip\fP
- .IP
- This list will be replaced by your \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP list in all but one
- situation: a copy from a daemon rsync will add your skipped suffixes to
-! its list of non\-compressing files (and its list may be configured to a
- different default).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP"
-***************
-*** 1872,1879 ****
- If a user or group has no name on the source system or it has no match
- on the destination system, then the numeric ID
- from the source system is used instead. See also the comments on the
-! \(lquse chroot\(rq setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage for information on how
-! the chroot setting affects rsync's ability to look up the names of the
- users and groups and what you can do about it.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-timeout=TIMEOUT\fP"
---- 1948,1955 ----
- If a user or group has no name on the source system or it has no match
- on the destination system, then the numeric ID
- from the source system is used instead. See also the comments on the
-! \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage for information on how
-! the chroot setting affects rsync\(cq\&s ability to look up the names of the
- users and groups and what you can do about it.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-timeout=TIMEOUT\fP"
-***************
-*** 1895,1901 ****
- .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
- This specifies an alternate TCP port number to use
- rather than the default of 873. This is only needed if you are using the
-! double-colon (::) syntax to connect with an rsync daemon (since the URL
- syntax has a way to specify the port as a part of the URL). See also this
- option in the \fB\-\-daemon\fP mode section.
- .IP
---- 1971,1977 ----
- .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
- This specifies an alternate TCP port number to use
- rather than the default of 873. This is only needed if you are using the
-! double\-colon (::) syntax to connect with an rsync daemon (since the URL
- syntax has a way to specify the port as a part of the URL). See also this
- option in the \fB\-\-daemon\fP mode section.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1915,1935 ****
- This tells rsync to use blocking I/O when launching
- a remote shell transport. If the remote shell is either rsh or remsh,
- rsync defaults to using
-! blocking I/O, otherwise it defaults to using non-blocking I/O. (Note that
-! ssh prefers non-blocking I/O.)
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP"
- Requests a simple itemized list of the
- changes that are being made to each file, including attribute changes.
-! This is exactly the same as specifying \fB\-\-out\-format='%i %n%L'\fP.
- If you repeat the option, unchanged files will also be output, but only
- if the receiving rsync is at least version 2.6.7 (you can use \fB\-vv\fP
- with older versions of rsync, but that also turns on the output of other
- verbose messages).
- .IP
-! The \(lq%i\(rq escape has a cryptic output that is 11 letters long. The general
- format is like the string \fBYXcstpoguax\fP, where \fBY\fP is replaced by the
-! type of update being done, \fBX\fP is replaced by the file-type, and the
- other letters represent attributes that may be output if they are being
- modified.
- .IP
---- 1991,2011 ----
- This tells rsync to use blocking I/O when launching
- a remote shell transport. If the remote shell is either rsh or remsh,
- rsync defaults to using
-! blocking I/O, otherwise it defaults to using non\-blocking I/O. (Note that
-! ssh prefers non\-blocking I/O.)
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP"
- Requests a simple itemized list of the
- changes that are being made to each file, including attribute changes.
-! This is exactly the same as specifying \fB\-\-out\-format='\&%i %n%L'\&\fP.
- If you repeat the option, unchanged files will also be output, but only
- if the receiving rsync is at least version 2.6.7 (you can use \fB\-vv\fP
- with older versions of rsync, but that also turns on the output of other
- verbose messages).
- .IP
-! The \(dq\&%i\(dq\& escape has a cryptic output that is 11 letters long. The general
- format is like the string \fBYXcstpoguax\fP, where \fBY\fP is replaced by the
-! type of update being done, \fBX\fP is replaced by the file\-type, and the
- other letters represent attributes that may be output if they are being
- modified.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1952,1972 ****
- A \fB.\fP means that the item is not being updated (though it might
- have attributes that are being modified).
- .IP o
-! A \fB*\fP means that the rest of the itemized-output area contains
-! a message (e.g. \(lqdeleting\(rq).
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! The file-types that replace the \fBX\fP are: \fBf\fP for a file, a \fBd\fP for a
- directory, an \fBL\fP for a symlink, a \fBD\fP for a device, and a \fBS\fP for a
- special file (e.g. named sockets and fifos).
- .IP
- The other letters in the string above are the actual letters that
- will be output if the associated attribute for the item is being updated or
-! a \(lq.\(rq for no change. Three exceptions to this are: (1) a newly created
-! item replaces each letter with a \(lq+\(rq, (2) an identical item replaces the
- dots with spaces, and (3) an unknown attribute replaces each letter with
-! a \(lq?\(rq (this can happen when talking to an older rsync).
- .IP
- The attribute that is associated with each letter is as follows:
- .IP
---- 2028,2048 ----
- A \fB.\fP means that the item is not being updated (though it might
- have attributes that are being modified).
- .IP o
-! A \fB*\fP means that the rest of the itemized\-output area contains
-! a message (e.g. \(dq\&deleting\(dq\&).
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! The file\-types that replace the \fBX\fP are: \fBf\fP for a file, a \fBd\fP for a
- directory, an \fBL\fP for a symlink, a \fBD\fP for a device, and a \fBS\fP for a
- special file (e.g. named sockets and fifos).
- .IP
- The other letters in the string above are the actual letters that
- will be output if the associated attribute for the item is being updated or
-! a \(dq\&.\(dq\& for no change. Three exceptions to this are: (1) a newly created
-! item replaces each letter with a \(dq\&+\(dq\&, (2) an identical item replaces the
- dots with spaces, and (3) an unknown attribute replaces each letter with
-! a \(dq\&?\(dq\& (this can happen when talking to an older rsync).
- .IP
- The attribute that is associated with each letter is as follows:
- .IP
-***************
-*** 1976,2002 ****
- (requires \fB\-\-checksum\fP) or that a symlink, device, or special file has
- a changed value.
- Note that if you are sending files to an rsync prior to 3.0.1, this
-! change flag will be present only for checksum-differing regular files.
- .IP o
- A \fBs\fP means the size of a regular file is different and will be updated
- by the file transfer.
- .IP o
- A \fBt\fP means the modification time is different and is being updated
-! to the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-times\fP). An alternate value of \fBT\fP
- means that the modification time will be set to the transfer time, which happens
- when a file/symlink/device is updated without \fB\-\-times\fP and when a
-! symlink is changed and the receiver can't set its time.
- (Note: when using an rsync 3.0.0 client, you might see the \fBs\fP flag combined
-! with \fBt\fP instead of the proper \fBT\fP flag for this time-setting failure.)
- .IP o
- A \fBp\fP means the permissions are different and are being updated to
-! the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-perms\fP).
- .IP o
- An \fBo\fP means the owner is different and is being updated to the
-! sender's value (requires \fB\-\-owner\fP and super-user privileges).
- .IP o
- A \fBg\fP means the group is different and is being updated to the
-! sender's value (requires \fB\-\-group\fP and the authority to set the group).
- .IP o
- The \fBu\fP slot is reserved for future use.
- .IP o
---- 2052,2078 ----
- (requires \fB\-\-checksum\fP) or that a symlink, device, or special file has
- a changed value.
- Note that if you are sending files to an rsync prior to 3.0.1, this
-! change flag will be present only for checksum\-differing regular files.
- .IP o
- A \fBs\fP means the size of a regular file is different and will be updated
- by the file transfer.
- .IP o
- A \fBt\fP means the modification time is different and is being updated
-! to the sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-times\fP). An alternate value of \fBT\fP
- means that the modification time will be set to the transfer time, which happens
- when a file/symlink/device is updated without \fB\-\-times\fP and when a
-! symlink is changed and the receiver can\(cq\&t set its time.
- (Note: when using an rsync 3.0.0 client, you might see the \fBs\fP flag combined
-! with \fBt\fP instead of the proper \fBT\fP flag for this time\-setting failure.)
- .IP o
- A \fBp\fP means the permissions are different and are being updated to
-! the sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-perms\fP).
- .IP o
- An \fBo\fP means the owner is different and is being updated to the
-! sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-owner\fP and super\-user privileges).
- .IP o
- A \fBg\fP means the group is different and is being updated to the
-! sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-group\fP and the authority to set the group).
- .IP o
- The \fBu\fP slot is reserved for future use.
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 2006,2055 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! One other output is possible: when deleting files, the \(lq%i\(rq will output
-! the string \(lq*deleting\(rq for each item that is being removed (assuming that
- you are talking to a recent enough rsync that it logs deletions instead of
- outputting them as a verbose message).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-out\-format=FORMAT\fP"
- This allows you to specify exactly what the
-! rsync client outputs to the user on a per-update basis. The format is a
-! text string containing embedded single-character escape sequences prefixed
-! with a percent (%) character. A default format of \(lq%n%L\(rq is assumed if
- \fB\-v\fP is specified (which reports the name
- of the file and, if the item is a link, where it points). For a full list
-! of the possible escape characters, see the \(lqlog format\(rq setting in the
- rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- Specifying the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option
- will mention each file, dir, etc. that gets updated in a significant
- way (a transferred file, a recreated symlink/device, or a touched
-! directory). In addition, if the itemize-changes escape (%i) is included in
- the string (e.g. if the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option was used), the logging
- of names increases to mention any item that is changed in any way (as long
- as the receiving side is at least 2.6.4). See the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP
-! option for a description of the output of \(lq%i\(rq.
- .IP
-! Rsync will output the out-format string prior to a file's transfer unless
-! one of the transfer-statistic escapes is requested, in which case the
-! logging is done at the end of the file's transfer. When this late logging
- is in effect and \fB\-\-progress\fP is also specified, rsync will also output
- the name of the file being transferred prior to its progress information
-! (followed, of course, by the out-format output).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
- This option causes rsync to log what it is doing
- to a file. This is similar to the logging that a daemon does, but can be
-! requested for the client side and/or the server side of a non-daemon
- transfer. If specified as a client option, transfer logging will be
-! enabled with a default format of \(lq%i %n%L\(rq. See the \fB\-\-log\-file\-format\fP
- option if you wish to override this.
- .IP
-! Here's a example command that requests the remote side to log what is
- happening:
- .IP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path="rsync \-\-log\-file=/tmp/rlog" src/ dest/
- .fi
-
- .IP
---- 2082,2131 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! One other output is possible: when deleting files, the \(dq\&%i\(dq\& will output
-! the string \(dq\&*deleting\(dq\& for each item that is being removed (assuming that
- you are talking to a recent enough rsync that it logs deletions instead of
- outputting them as a verbose message).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-out\-format=FORMAT\fP"
- This allows you to specify exactly what the
-! rsync client outputs to the user on a per\-update basis. The format is a
-! text string containing embedded single\-character escape sequences prefixed
-! with a percent (%) character. A default format of \(dq\&%n%L\(dq\& is assumed if
- \fB\-v\fP is specified (which reports the name
- of the file and, if the item is a link, where it points). For a full list
-! of the possible escape characters, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting in the
- rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- Specifying the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option
- will mention each file, dir, etc. that gets updated in a significant
- way (a transferred file, a recreated symlink/device, or a touched
-! directory). In addition, if the itemize\-changes escape (%i) is included in
- the string (e.g. if the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option was used), the logging
- of names increases to mention any item that is changed in any way (as long
- as the receiving side is at least 2.6.4). See the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP
-! option for a description of the output of \(dq\&%i\(dq\&.
- .IP
-! Rsync will output the out\-format string prior to a file\(cq\&s transfer unless
-! one of the transfer\-statistic escapes is requested, in which case the
-! logging is done at the end of the file\(cq\&s transfer. When this late logging
- is in effect and \fB\-\-progress\fP is also specified, rsync will also output
- the name of the file being transferred prior to its progress information
-! (followed, of course, by the out\-format output).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
- This option causes rsync to log what it is doing
- to a file. This is similar to the logging that a daemon does, but can be
-! requested for the client side and/or the server side of a non\-daemon
- transfer. If specified as a client option, transfer logging will be
-! enabled with a default format of \(dq\&%i %n%L\(dq\&. See the \fB\-\-log\-file\-format\fP
- option if you wish to override this.
- .IP
-! Here\(cq\&s a example command that requests the remote side to log what is
- happening:
- .IP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&rsync \-\-log\-file=/tmp/rlog\(dq\& src/ dest/
- .fi
-
- .IP
-***************
-*** 2058,2085 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
- This allows you to specify exactly what
-! per-update logging is put into the file specified by the \fB\-\-log\-file\fP option
- (which must also be specified for this option to have any effect). If you
- specify an empty string, updated files will not be mentioned in the log file.
-! For a list of the possible escape characters, see the \(lqlog format\(rq setting
- in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- The default FORMAT used if \fB\-\-log\-file\fP is specified and this option is not
-! is '%i %n%L'.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-stats\fP"
- This tells rsync to print a verbose set of statistics
-! on the file transfer, allowing you to tell how effective rsync's delta-transfer
- algorithm is for your data.
- .IP
- The current statistics are as follows:
- .RS
- .IP o
-! \fBNumber of files\fP is the count of all \(lqfiles\(rq (in the generic
- sense), which includes directories, symlinks, etc.
- .IP o
- \fBNumber of files transferred\fP is the count of normal files that
-! were updated via rsync's delta-transfer algorithm, which does not include created
- dirs, symlinks, etc.
- .IP o
- \fBTotal file size\fP is the total sum of all file sizes in the transfer.
---- 2134,2161 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
- This allows you to specify exactly what
-! per\-update logging is put into the file specified by the \fB\-\-log\-file\fP option
- (which must also be specified for this option to have any effect). If you
- specify an empty string, updated files will not be mentioned in the log file.
-! For a list of the possible escape characters, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting
- in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- The default FORMAT used if \fB\-\-log\-file\fP is specified and this option is not
-! is \(cq\&%i %n%L\(cq\&.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-stats\fP"
- This tells rsync to print a verbose set of statistics
-! on the file transfer, allowing you to tell how effective rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer
- algorithm is for your data.
- .IP
- The current statistics are as follows:
- .RS
- .IP o
-! \fBNumber of files\fP is the count of all \(dq\&files\(dq\& (in the generic
- sense), which includes directories, symlinks, etc.
- .IP o
- \fBNumber of files transferred\fP is the count of normal files that
-! were updated via rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm, which does not include created
- dirs, symlinks, etc.
- .IP o
- \fBTotal file size\fP is the total sum of all file sizes in the transfer.
-***************
-*** 2089,2102 ****
- \fBTotal transferred file size\fP is the total sum of all files sizes
- for just the transferred files.
- .IP o
-! \fBLiteral data\fP is how much unmatched file-update data we had to
- send to the receiver for it to recreate the updated files.
- .IP o
- \fBMatched data\fP is how much data the receiver got locally when
- recreating the updated files.
- .IP o
-! \fBFile list size\fP is how big the file-list data was when the sender
-! sent it to the receiver. This is smaller than the in-memory size for the
- file list due to some compressing of duplicated data when rsync sends the
- list.
- .IP o
---- 2165,2178 ----
- \fBTotal transferred file size\fP is the total sum of all files sizes
- for just the transferred files.
- .IP o
-! \fBLiteral data\fP is how much unmatched file\-update data we had to
- send to the receiver for it to recreate the updated files.
- .IP o
- \fBMatched data\fP is how much data the receiver got locally when
- recreating the updated files.
- .IP o
-! \fBFile list size\fP is how big the file\-list data was when the sender
-! sent it to the receiver. This is smaller than the in\-memory size for the
- file list due to some compressing of duplicated data when rsync sends the
- list.
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 2110,2136 ****
- \fBTotal bytes sent\fP is the count of all the bytes that rsync sent
- from the client side to the server side.
- .IP o
-! \fBTotal bytes received\fP is the count of all non-message bytes that
-! rsync received by the client side from the server side. \(lqNon-message\(rq
-! bytes means that we don't count the bytes for a verbose message that the
- server sent to us, which makes the stats more consistent.
- .RE
-
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output\fP"
-! This tells rsync to leave all high-bit characters
-! unescaped in the output instead of trying to test them to see if they're
- valid in the current locale and escaping the invalid ones. All control
-! characters (but never tabs) are always escaped, regardless of this option's
- setting.
- .IP
- The escape idiom that started in 2.6.7 is to output a literal backslash (\e)
- and a hash (#), followed by exactly 3 octal digits. For example, a newline
-! would output as \(lq\e#012\(rq. A literal backslash that is in a filename is not
- escaped unless it is followed by a hash and 3 digits (0\-9).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-h, \-\-human\-readable\fP"
-! Output numbers in a more human-readable format.
- This makes big numbers output using larger units, with a K, M, or G suffix. If
- this option was specified once, these units are K (1000), M (1000*1000), and
- G (1000*1000*1000); if the option is repeated, the units are powers of 1024
---- 2186,2212 ----
- \fBTotal bytes sent\fP is the count of all the bytes that rsync sent
- from the client side to the server side.
- .IP o
-! \fBTotal bytes received\fP is the count of all non\-message bytes that
-! rsync received by the client side from the server side. \(dq\&Non\-message\(dq\&
-! bytes means that we don\(cq\&t count the bytes for a verbose message that the
- server sent to us, which makes the stats more consistent.
- .RE
-
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output\fP"
-! This tells rsync to leave all high\-bit characters
-! unescaped in the output instead of trying to test them to see if they\(cq\&re
- valid in the current locale and escaping the invalid ones. All control
-! characters (but never tabs) are always escaped, regardless of this option\(cq\&s
- setting.
- .IP
- The escape idiom that started in 2.6.7 is to output a literal backslash (\e)
- and a hash (#), followed by exactly 3 octal digits. For example, a newline
-! would output as \(dq\&\e#012\(dq\&. A literal backslash that is in a filename is not
- escaped unless it is followed by a hash and 3 digits (0\-9).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-h, \-\-human\-readable\fP"
-! Output numbers in a more human\-readable format.
- This makes big numbers output using larger units, with a K, M, or G suffix. If
- this option was specified once, these units are K (1000), M (1000*1000), and
- G (1000*1000*1000); if the option is repeated, the units are powers of 1024
-***************
-*** 2151,2189 ****
- dir as data to speed up the resumption of the transfer and then delete it
- after it has served its purpose.
- .IP
-! Note that if \fB\-\-whole\-file\fP is specified (or implied), any partial-dir
- file that is found for a file that is being updated will simply be removed
- (since
-! rsync is sending files without using rsync's delta-transfer algorithm).
- .IP
-! Rsync will create the \fIDIR\fP if it is missing (just the last dir \(em not
- the whole path). This makes it easy to use a relative path (such as
-! \(lq\fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-partial\fP\(rq) to have rsync create the
-! partial-directory in the destination file's directory when needed, and then
- remove it again when the partial file is deleted.
- .IP
-! If the partial-dir value is not an absolute path, rsync will add an exclude
- rule at the end of all your existing excludes. This will prevent the
-! sending of any partial-dir files that may exist on the sending side, and
-! will also prevent the untimely deletion of partial-dir items on the
- receiving side. An example: the above \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option would add
-! the equivalent of \(lq\fB\-f '\-p .rsync\-partial/'\fP\(rq at the end of any other
- filter rules.
- .IP
- If you are supplying your own exclude rules, you may need to add your own
-! exclude/hide/protect rule for the partial-dir because (1) the auto-added
- rule may be ineffective at the end of your other rules, or (2) you may wish
-! to override rsync's exclude choice. For instance, if you want to make
-! rsync clean-up any left-over partial-dirs that may be lying around, you
-! should specify \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP and add a \(lqrisk\(rq filter rule, e.g.
-! \fB\-f 'R .rsync\-partial/'\fP. (Avoid using \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP or
-! \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP unless you don't need rsync to use any of the
-! left-over partial-dir data during the current run.)
- .IP
- IMPORTANT: the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP should not be writable by other users or it
-! is a security risk. E.g. AVOID \(lq/tmp\(rq.
- .IP
-! You can also set the partial-dir value the RSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR environment
- variable. Setting this in the environment does not force \fB\-\-partial\fP to be
- enabled, but rather it affects where partial files go when \fB\-\-partial\fP is
- specified. For instance, instead of using \fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-tmp\fP
---- 2227,2265 ----
- dir as data to speed up the resumption of the transfer and then delete it
- after it has served its purpose.
- .IP
-! Note that if \fB\-\-whole\-file\fP is specified (or implied), any partial\-dir
- file that is found for a file that is being updated will simply be removed
- (since
-! rsync is sending files without using rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm).
- .IP
-! Rsync will create the \fIDIR\fP if it is missing (just the last dir \-\- not
- the whole path). This makes it easy to use a relative path (such as
-! \(dq\&\fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-partial\fP\(dq\&) to have rsync create the
-! partial\-directory in the destination file\(cq\&s directory when needed, and then
- remove it again when the partial file is deleted.
- .IP
-! If the partial\-dir value is not an absolute path, rsync will add an exclude
- rule at the end of all your existing excludes. This will prevent the
-! sending of any partial\-dir files that may exist on the sending side, and
-! will also prevent the untimely deletion of partial\-dir items on the
- receiving side. An example: the above \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option would add
-! the equivalent of \(dq\&\fB\-f '\&\-p .rsync\-partial/'\&\fP\(dq\& at the end of any other
- filter rules.
- .IP
- If you are supplying your own exclude rules, you may need to add your own
-! exclude/hide/protect rule for the partial\-dir because (1) the auto\-added
- rule may be ineffective at the end of your other rules, or (2) you may wish
-! to override rsync\(cq\&s exclude choice. For instance, if you want to make
-! rsync clean\-up any left\-over partial\-dirs that may be lying around, you
-! should specify \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP and add a \(dq\&risk\(dq\& filter rule, e.g.
-! \fB\-f '\&R .rsync\-partial/'\&\fP. (Avoid using \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP or
-! \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP unless you don\(cq\&t need rsync to use any of the
-! left\-over partial\-dir data during the current run.)
- .IP
- IMPORTANT: the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP should not be writable by other users or it
-! is a security risk. E.g. AVOID \(dq\&/tmp\(dq\&.
- .IP
-! You can also set the partial\-dir value the RSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR environment
- variable. Setting this in the environment does not force \fB\-\-partial\fP to be
- enabled, but rather it affects where partial files go when \fB\-\-partial\fP is
- specified. For instance, instead of using \fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-tmp\fP
-***************
-*** 2194,2200 ****
- specified (since \fB\-\-inplace\fP conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP), and (2) when
- \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP was specified (see below).
- .IP
-! For the purposes of the daemon-config's \(lqrefuse options\(rq setting,
- \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP does \fInot\fP imply \fB\-\-partial\fP. This is so that a
- refusal of the \fB\-\-partial\fP option can be used to disallow the overwriting
- of destination files with a partial transfer, while still allowing the
---- 2270,2276 ----
- specified (since \fB\-\-inplace\fP conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP), and (2) when
- \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP was specified (see below).
- .IP
-! For the purposes of the daemon\-config\(cq\&s \(dq\&refuse options\(dq\& setting,
- \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP does \fInot\fP imply \fB\-\-partial\fP. This is so that a
- refusal of the \fB\-\-partial\fP option can be used to disallow the overwriting
- of destination files with a partial transfer, while still allowing the
-***************
-*** 2205,2216 ****
- updated file into a holding directory until the end of the
- transfer, at which time all the files are renamed into place in rapid
- succession. This attempts to make the updating of the files a little more
-! atomic. By default the files are placed into a directory named \(lq.~tmp~\(rq in
-! each file's destination directory, but if you've specified the
- \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option, that directory will be used instead. See the
- comments in the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP section for a discussion of how this
-! \(lq.~tmp~\(rq dir will be excluded from the transfer, and what you can do if
-! you want rsync to cleanup old \(lq.~tmp~\(rq dirs that might be lying around.
- Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP and \fB\-\-append\fP.
- .IP
- This option uses more memory on the receiving side (one bit per file
---- 2281,2292 ----
- updated file into a holding directory until the end of the
- transfer, at which time all the files are renamed into place in rapid
- succession. This attempts to make the updating of the files a little more
-! atomic. By default the files are placed into a directory named \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& in
-! each file\(cq\&s destination directory, but if you\(cq\&ve specified the
- \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option, that directory will be used instead. See the
- comments in the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP section for a discussion of how this
-! \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& dir will be excluded from the transfer, and what you can do if
-! you want rsync to cleanup old \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& dirs that might be lying around.
- Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP and \fB\-\-append\fP.
- .IP
- This option uses more memory on the receiving side (one bit per file
-***************
-*** 2222,2237 ****
- the updated files will be put into a single directory if the path is
- absolute)
- and (2) there are no mount points in the hierarchy (since the
-! delayed updates will fail if they can't be renamed into place).
- .IP
-! See also the \(lqatomic-rsync\(rq perl script in the \(lqsupport\(rq subdir for an
- update algorithm that is even more atomic (it uses \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP and a
- parallel hierarchy of files).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP"
- This option tells the receiving rsync to get
-! rid of empty directories from the file-list, including nested directories
-! that have no non-directory children. This is useful for avoiding the
- creation of a bunch of useless directories when the sending rsync is
- recursively scanning a hierarchy of files using include/exclude/filter
- rules.
---- 2298,2313 ----
- the updated files will be put into a single directory if the path is
- absolute)
- and (2) there are no mount points in the hierarchy (since the
-! delayed updates will fail if they can\(cq\&t be renamed into place).
- .IP
-! See also the \(dq\&atomic\-rsync\(dq\& perl script in the \(dq\&support\(dq\& subdir for an
- update algorithm that is even more atomic (it uses \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP and a
- parallel hierarchy of files).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP"
- This option tells the receiving rsync to get
-! rid of empty directories from the file\-list, including nested directories
-! that have no non\-directory children. This is useful for avoiding the
- creation of a bunch of useless directories when the sending rsync is
- recursively scanning a hierarchy of files using include/exclude/filter
- rules.
-***************
-*** 2240,2280 ****
- not affect what goes into the file list, and thus does not leave directories
- empty, even if none of the files in a directory match the transfer rule.
- .IP
-! Because the file-list is actually being pruned, this option also affects
- what directories get deleted when a delete is active. However, keep in
- mind that excluded files and directories can prevent existing items from
- being deleted due to an exclude both hiding source files and protecting
-! destination files. See the perishable filter-rule option for how to avoid
- this.
- .IP
-! You can prevent the pruning of certain empty directories from the file-list
-! by using a global \(lqprotect\(rq filter. For instance, this option would ensure
-! that the directory \(lqemptydir\(rq was kept in the file-list:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \-\-filter 'protect emptydir/'
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! Here's an example that copies all .pdf files in a hierarchy, only creating
- the necessary destination directories to hold the .pdf files, and ensures
- that any superfluous files and directories in the destination are removed
-! (note the hide filter of non-directories being used instead of an exclude):
- .IP
- .RS
-! rsync \-avm \-\-del \-\-include='*.pdf' \-f 'hide,! */' src/ dest
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! If you didn't want to remove superfluous destination files, the more
-! time-honored options of \(lq\fB\-\-include='*/' \-\-exclude='*'\fP\(rq would work fine
-! in place of the hide-filter (if that is more natural to you).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-progress\fP"
- This option tells rsync to print information
- showing the progress of the transfer. This gives a bored user
- something to watch.
-! Implies \fB\-\-verbose\fP if it wasn't already specified.
- .IP
- While rsync is transferring a regular file, it updates a progress line that
- looks like this:
---- 2316,2356 ----
- not affect what goes into the file list, and thus does not leave directories
- empty, even if none of the files in a directory match the transfer rule.
- .IP
-! Because the file\-list is actually being pruned, this option also affects
- what directories get deleted when a delete is active. However, keep in
- mind that excluded files and directories can prevent existing items from
- being deleted due to an exclude both hiding source files and protecting
-! destination files. See the perishable filter\-rule option for how to avoid
- this.
- .IP
-! You can prevent the pruning of certain empty directories from the file\-list
-! by using a global \(dq\&protect\(dq\& filter. For instance, this option would ensure
-! that the directory \(dq\&emptydir\(dq\& was kept in the file\-list:
- .IP
- .RS
-! \-\-filter \(cq\&protect emptydir/\(cq\&
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! Here\(cq\&s an example that copies all .pdf files in a hierarchy, only creating
- the necessary destination directories to hold the .pdf files, and ensures
- that any superfluous files and directories in the destination are removed
-! (note the hide filter of non\-directories being used instead of an exclude):
- .IP
- .RS
-! rsync \-avm \-\-del \-\-include=\(cq\&*.pdf\(cq\& \-f \(cq\&hide,! */\(cq\& src/ dest
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! If you didn\(cq\&t want to remove superfluous destination files, the more
-! time\-honored options of \(dq\&\fB\-\-include='\&*/'\& \-\-exclude='\&*'\&\fP\(dq\& would work fine
-! in place of the hide\-filter (if that is more natural to you).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-progress\fP"
- This option tells rsync to print information
- showing the progress of the transfer. This gives a bored user
- something to watch.
-! Implies \fB\-\-verbose\fP if it wasn\(cq\&t already specified.
- .IP
- While rsync is transferring a regular file, it updates a progress line that
- looks like this:
-***************
-*** 2285,2296 ****
-
- .IP
- In this example, the receiver has reconstructed 782448 bytes or 63% of the
-! sender's file, which is being reconstructed at a rate of 110.64 kilobytes
- per second, and the transfer will finish in 4 seconds if the current rate
- is maintained until the end.
- .IP
-! These statistics can be misleading if rsync's delta-transfer algorithm is
-! in use. For example, if the sender's file consists of the basis file
- followed by additional data, the reported rate will probably drop
- dramatically when the receiver gets to the literal data, and the transfer
- will probably take much longer to finish than the receiver estimated as it
---- 2361,2372 ----
-
- .IP
- In this example, the receiver has reconstructed 782448 bytes or 63% of the
-! sender\(cq\&s file, which is being reconstructed at a rate of 110.64 kilobytes
- per second, and the transfer will finish in 4 seconds if the current rate
- is maintained until the end.
- .IP
-! These statistics can be misleading if rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm is
-! in use. For example, if the sender\(cq\&s file consists of the basis file
- followed by additional data, the reported rate will probably drop
- dramatically when the receiver gets to the literal data, and the transfer
- will probably take much longer to finish than the receiver estimated as it
-***************
-*** 2300,2306 ****
- summary line that looks like this:
- .IP
- .nf
-! 1238099 100% 146.38kB/s 0:00:08 (xfer#5, to-check=169/396)
- .fi
-
- .IP
---- 2376,2382 ----
- summary line that looks like this:
- .IP
- .nf
-! 1238099 100% 146.38kB/s 0:00:08 (xfer#5, to\-check=169/396)
- .fi
-
- .IP
-***************
-*** 2308,2315 ****
- of transfer for the whole file was 146.38 kilobytes per second over the 8
- seconds that it took to complete, it was the 5th transfer of a regular file
- during the current rsync session, and there are 169 more files for the
-! receiver to check (to see if they are up-to-date or not) remaining out of
-! the 396 total files in the file-list.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-P\fP"
- The \fB\-P\fP option is equivalent to \fB\-\-partial\fP \fB\-\-progress\fP. Its
---- 2384,2391 ----
- of transfer for the whole file was 146.38 kilobytes per second over the 8
- seconds that it took to complete, it was the 5th transfer of a regular file
- during the current rsync session, and there are 169 more files for the
-! receiver to check (to see if they are up\-to\-date or not) remaining out of
-! the 396 total files in the file\-list.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-P\fP"
- The \fB\-P\fP option is equivalent to \fB\-\-partial\fP \fB\-\-progress\fP. Its
-***************
-*** 2319,2331 ****
- .IP "\fB\-\-password\-file\fP"
- This option allows you to provide a password in a
- file for accessing an rsync daemon. The file must not be world readable.
-! It should contain just the password as a single line.
- .IP
- This option does not supply a password to a remote shell transport such as
-! ssh; to learn how to do that, consult the remote shell's documentation.
- When accessing an rsync daemon using a remote shell as the transport, this
- option only comes into effect after the remote shell finishes its
-! authentication (i.e. if you have also specified a password in the daemon's
- config file).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-list\-only\fP"
---- 2395,2408 ----
- .IP "\fB\-\-password\-file\fP"
- This option allows you to provide a password in a
- file for accessing an rsync daemon. The file must not be world readable.
-! It should contain just the password as the first line of the file (all
-! other lines are ignored).
- .IP
- This option does not supply a password to a remote shell transport such as
-! ssh; to learn how to do that, consult the remote shell\(cq\&s documentation.
- When accessing an rsync daemon using a remote shell as the transport, this
- option only comes into effect after the remote shell finishes its
-! authentication (i.e. if you have also specified a password in the daemon\(cq\&s
- config file).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-list\-only\fP"
-***************
-*** 2333,2341 ****
- instead of transferred. This option is inferred if there is a single source
- arg and no destination specified, so its main uses are: (1) to turn a copy
- command that includes a
-! destination arg into a file-listing command, or (2) to be able to specify
- more than one source arg (note: be sure to include the destination).
-! Caution: keep in mind that a source arg with a wild-card is expanded by the
- shell into multiple args, so it is never safe to try to list such an arg
- without using this option. For example:
- .IP
---- 2410,2418 ----
- instead of transferred. This option is inferred if there is a single source
- arg and no destination specified, so its main uses are: (1) to turn a copy
- command that includes a
-! destination arg into a file\-listing command, or (2) to be able to specify
- more than one source arg (note: be sure to include the destination).
-! Caution: keep in mind that a source arg with a wild\-card is expanded by the
- shell into multiple args, so it is never safe to try to list such an arg
- without using this option. For example:
- .IP
-***************
-*** 2346,2356 ****
- .IP
- Compatibility note: when requesting a remote listing of files from an rsync
- that is version 2.6.3 or older, you may encounter an error if you ask for a
-! non-recursive listing. This is because a file listing implies the \fB\-\-dirs\fP
-! option w/o \fB\-\-recursive\fP, and older rsyncs don't have that option. To
-! avoid this problem, either specify the \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP option (if you don't
-! need to expand a directory's content), or turn on recursion and exclude
-! the content of subdirectories: \fB\-r \-\-exclude='/*/*'\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
- This option allows you to specify a maximum
---- 2423,2433 ----
- .IP
- Compatibility note: when requesting a remote listing of files from an rsync
- that is version 2.6.3 or older, you may encounter an error if you ask for a
-! non\-recursive listing. This is because a file listing implies the \fB\-\-dirs\fP
-! option w/o \fB\-\-recursive\fP, and older rsyncs don\(cq\&t have that option. To
-! avoid this problem, either specify the \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP option (if you don\(cq\&t
-! need to expand a directory\(cq\&s content), or turn on recursion and exclude
-! the content of subdirectories: \fB\-r \-\-exclude='\&/*/*'\&\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
- This option allows you to specify a maximum
-***************
-*** 2363,2369 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
- Record a file that can later be applied to
-! another identical destination with \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP. See the \(lqBATCH MODE\(rq
- section for details, and also the \fB\-\-only\-write\-batch\fP option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-only\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
---- 2440,2446 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
- Record a file that can later be applied to
-! another identical destination with \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP. See the \(dq\&BATCH MODE\(dq\&
- section for details, and also the \fB\-\-only\-write\-batch\fP option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-only\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
-***************
-*** 2375,2394 ****
- Note that you can feel free to write the batch directly to some portable
- media: if this media fills to capacity before the end of the transfer, you
- can just apply that partial transfer to the destination and repeat the
-! whole process to get the rest of the changes (as long as you don't mind a
-! partially updated destination system while the multi-update cycle is
- happening).
- .IP
- Also note that you only save bandwidth when pushing changes to a remote
- system because this allows the batched data to be diverted from the sender
- into the batch file without having to flow over the wire to the receiver
-! (when pulling, the sender is remote, and thus can't write the batch).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-read\-batch=FILE\fP"
- Apply all of the changes stored in FILE, a
- file previously generated by \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP.
- If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the batch data will be read from standard input.
-! See the \(lqBATCH MODE\(rq section for details.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-protocol=NUM\fP"
- Force an older protocol version to be used. This
---- 2452,2471 ----
- Note that you can feel free to write the batch directly to some portable
- media: if this media fills to capacity before the end of the transfer, you
- can just apply that partial transfer to the destination and repeat the
-! whole process to get the rest of the changes (as long as you don\(cq\&t mind a
-! partially updated destination system while the multi\-update cycle is
- happening).
- .IP
- Also note that you only save bandwidth when pushing changes to a remote
- system because this allows the batched data to be diverted from the sender
- into the batch file without having to flow over the wire to the receiver
-! (when pulling, the sender is remote, and thus can\(cq\&t write the batch).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-read\-batch=FILE\fP"
- Apply all of the changes stored in FILE, a
- file previously generated by \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP.
- If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the batch data will be read from standard input.
-! See the \(dq\&BATCH MODE\(dq\& section for details.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-protocol=NUM\fP"
- Force an older protocol version to be used. This
-***************
-*** 2395,2432 ****
- is useful for creating a batch file that is compatible with an older
- version of rsync. For instance, if rsync 2.6.4 is being used with the
- \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP option, but rsync 2.6.3 is what will be used to run the
-! \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, you should use \(lq\-\-protocol=28\(rq when creating the
- batch file to force the older protocol version to be used in the batch
-! file (assuming you can't upgrade the rsync on the reading system).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-iconv=CONVERT_SPEC\fP"
- Rsync can convert filenames between character
-! sets using this option. Using a CONVERT_SPEC of \(lq.\(rq tells rsync to look up
-! the default character-set via the locale setting. Alternately, you can
- fully specify what conversion to do by giving a local and a remote charset
- separated by a comma in the order \fB\-\-iconv=LOCAL,REMOTE\fP, e.g.
- \fB\-\-iconv=utf8,iso88591\fP. This order ensures that the option
-! will stay the same whether you're pushing or pulling files.
-! Finally, you can specify either \fB\-\-no\-iconv\fP or a CONVERT_SPEC of \(lq\-\(rq
- to turn off any conversion.
-! The default setting of this option is site-specific, and can also be
- affected via the RSYNC_ICONV environment variable.
- .IP
- For a list of what charset names your local iconv library supports, you can
-! run \(lqiconv \-\-list\(rq.
- .IP
- If you specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP option (\fB\-s\fP), rsync will translate
-! the filenames you specify on the command-line that are being sent to the
- remote host. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
- .IP
- Note that rsync does not do any conversion of names in filter files
-! (including include/exclude files). It is up to you to ensure that you're
- specifying matching rules that can match on both sides of the transfer.
- For instance, you can specify extra include/exclude rules if there are
- filename differences on the two sides that need to be accounted for.
- .IP
- When you pass an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option to an rsync daemon that allows it, the
-! daemon uses the charset specified in its \(lqcharset\(rq configuration parameter
- regardless of the remote charset you actually pass. Thus, you may feel free to
- specify just the local charset for a daemon transfer (e.g. \fB\-\-iconv=utf8\fP).
- .IP
---- 2472,2509 ----
- is useful for creating a batch file that is compatible with an older
- version of rsync. For instance, if rsync 2.6.4 is being used with the
- \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP option, but rsync 2.6.3 is what will be used to run the
-! \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, you should use \(dq\&\-\-protocol=28\(dq\& when creating the
- batch file to force the older protocol version to be used in the batch
-! file (assuming you can\(cq\&t upgrade the rsync on the reading system).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-iconv=CONVERT_SPEC\fP"
- Rsync can convert filenames between character
-! sets using this option. Using a CONVERT_SPEC of \(dq\&.\(dq\& tells rsync to look up
-! the default character\-set via the locale setting. Alternately, you can
- fully specify what conversion to do by giving a local and a remote charset
- separated by a comma in the order \fB\-\-iconv=LOCAL,REMOTE\fP, e.g.
- \fB\-\-iconv=utf8,iso88591\fP. This order ensures that the option
-! will stay the same whether you\(cq\&re pushing or pulling files.
-! Finally, you can specify either \fB\-\-no\-iconv\fP or a CONVERT_SPEC of \(dq\&\-\(dq\&
- to turn off any conversion.
-! The default setting of this option is site\-specific, and can also be
- affected via the RSYNC_ICONV environment variable.
- .IP
- For a list of what charset names your local iconv library supports, you can
-! run \(dq\&iconv \-\-list\(dq\&.
- .IP
- If you specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP option (\fB\-s\fP), rsync will translate
-! the filenames you specify on the command\-line that are being sent to the
- remote host. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
- .IP
- Note that rsync does not do any conversion of names in filter files
-! (including include/exclude files). It is up to you to ensure that you\(cq\&re
- specifying matching rules that can match on both sides of the transfer.
- For instance, you can specify extra include/exclude rules if there are
- filename differences on the two sides that need to be accounted for.
- .IP
- When you pass an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option to an rsync daemon that allows it, the
-! daemon uses the charset specified in its \(dq\&charset\(dq\& configuration parameter
- regardless of the remote charset you actually pass. Thus, you may feel free to
- specify just the local charset for a daemon transfer (e.g. \fB\-\-iconv=utf8\fP).
- .IP
-***************
-*** 2477,2483 ****
- run as a daemon with the \fB\-\-daemon\fP option. The \fB\-\-address\fP option
- allows you to specify a specific IP address (or hostname) to bind to. This
- makes virtual hosting possible in conjunction with the \fB\-\-config\fP option.
-! See also the \(lqaddress\(rq global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
- This option allows you to specify a maximum
---- 2554,2560 ----
- run as a daemon with the \fB\-\-daemon\fP option. The \fB\-\-address\fP option
- allows you to specify a specific IP address (or hostname) to bind to. This
- makes virtual hosting possible in conjunction with the \fB\-\-config\fP option.
-! See also the \(dq\&address\(dq\& global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
- This option allows you to specify a maximum
-***************
-*** 2490,2496 ****
- This specifies an alternate config file than
- the default. This is only relevant when \fB\-\-daemon\fP is specified.
- The default is /etc/rsyncd.conf unless the daemon is running over
-! a remote shell program and the remote user is not the super-user; in that case
- the default is rsyncd.conf in the current directory (typically $HOME).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-no\-detach\fP"
---- 2567,2573 ----
- This specifies an alternate config file than
- the default. This is only relevant when \fB\-\-daemon\fP is specified.
- The default is /etc/rsyncd.conf unless the daemon is running over
-! a remote shell program and the remote user is not the super\-user; in that case
- the default is rsyncd.conf in the current directory (typically $HOME).
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-no\-detach\fP"
-***************
-*** 2498,2504 ****
- rsync to not detach itself and become a background process. This
- option is required when running as a service on Cygwin, and may also
- be useful when rsync is supervised by a program such as
-! \fBdaemontools\fP or AIX's \fBSystem Resource Controller\fP.
- \fB\-\-no\-detach\fP is also recommended when rsync is run under a
- debugger. This option has no effect if rsync is run from inetd or
- sshd.
---- 2575,2581 ----
- rsync to not detach itself and become a background process. This
- option is required when running as a service on Cygwin, and may also
- be useful when rsync is supervised by a program such as
-! \fBdaemontools\fP or AIX\(cq\&s \fBSystem Resource Controller\fP.
- \fB\-\-no\-detach\fP is also recommended when rsync is run under a
- debugger. This option has no effect if rsync is run from inetd or
- sshd.
-***************
-*** 2505,2522 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
- This specifies an alternate TCP port number for the
-! daemon to listen on rather than the default of 873. See also the \(lqport\(rq
- global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
- This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
-! given log-file name instead of using the \(lqlog file\(rq setting in the config
- file.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
- This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
-! given FORMAT string instead of using the \(lqlog format\(rq setting in the config
-! file. It also enables \(lqtransfer logging\(rq unless the string is empty, in which
- case transfer logging is turned off.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-sockopts\fP"
---- 2582,2599 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
- This specifies an alternate TCP port number for the
-! daemon to listen on rather than the default of 873. See also the \(dq\&port\(dq\&
- global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
- This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
-! given log\-file name instead of using the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting in the config
- file.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
- This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
-! given FORMAT string instead of using the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting in the config
-! file. It also enables \(dq\&transfer logging\(dq\& unless the string is empty, in which
- case transfer logging is turned off.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-\-sockopts\fP"
-***************
-*** 2526,2533 ****
- .IP "\fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP"
- This option increases the amount of information the
- daemon logs during its startup phase. After the client connects, the
-! daemon's verbosity level will be controlled by the options that the client
-! used and the \(lqmax verbosity\(rq setting in the module's config section.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-4, \-\-ipv4\fP or \fB\-6, \-\-ipv6\fP"
- Tells rsync to prefer IPv4/IPv6
---- 2603,2610 ----
- .IP "\fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP"
- This option increases the amount of information the
- daemon logs during its startup phase. After the client connects, the
-! daemon\(cq\&s verbosity level will be controlled by the options that the client
-! used and the \(dq\&max verbosity\(dq\& setting in the module\(cq\&s config section.
- .IP
- .IP "\fB\-4, \-\-ipv4\fP or \fB\-6, \-\-ipv6\fP"
- Tells rsync to prefer IPv4/IPv6
-***************
-*** 2534,2540 ****
- when creating the incoming sockets that the rsync daemon will use to
- listen for connections. One of these options may be required in older
- versions of Linux to work around an IPv6 bug in the kernel (if you see
-! an \(lqaddress already in use\(rq error when nothing else is using the port,
- try specifying \fB\-\-ipv6\fP or \fB\-\-ipv4\fP when starting the daemon).
- .IP
- If rsync was complied without support for IPv6, the \fB\-\-ipv6\fP option
---- 2611,2617 ----
- when creating the incoming sockets that the rsync daemon will use to
- listen for connections. One of these options may be required in older
- versions of Linux to work around an IPv6 bug in the kernel (if you see
-! an \(dq\&address already in use\(dq\& error when nothing else is using the port,
- try specifying \fB\-\-ipv6\fP or \fB\-\-ipv4\fP when starting the daemon).
- .IP
- If rsync was complied without support for IPv6, the \fB\-\-ipv6\fP option
-***************
-*** 2562,2568 ****
- filename is not skipped.
- .PP
- Rsync builds an ordered list of filter rules as specified on the
-! command-line. Filter rules have the following syntax:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWRULE [PATTERN_OR_FILENAME]\fP
---- 2639,2645 ----
- filename is not skipped.
- .PP
- Rsync builds an ordered list of filter rules as specified on the
-! command\-line. Filter rules have the following syntax:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWRULE [PATTERN_OR_FILENAME]\fP
-***************
-*** 2573,2579 ****
-
- .PP
- You have your choice of using either short or long RULE names, as described
-! below. If you use a short-named rule, the \(oq,\(cq separating the RULE from the
- MODIFIERS is optional. The PATTERN or FILENAME that follows (when present)
- must come after either a single space or an underscore (_).
- Here are the available rule prefixes:
---- 2650,2656 ----
-
- .PP
- You have your choice of using either short or long RULE names, as described
-! below. If you use a short\-named rule, the \(cq\&,\(cq\& separating the RULE from the
- MODIFIERS is optional. The PATTERN or FILENAME that follows (when present)
- must come after either a single space or an underscore (_).
- Here are the available rule prefixes:
-***************
-*** 2583,2591 ****
- .br
- \fBinclude, +\fP specifies an include pattern.
- .br
-! \fBmerge, .\fP specifies a merge-file to read for more rules.
- .br
-! \fBdir-merge, :\fP specifies a per-directory merge-file.
- .br
- \fBhide, H\fP specifies a pattern for hiding files from the transfer.
- .br
---- 2660,2668 ----
- .br
- \fBinclude, +\fP specifies an include pattern.
- .br
-! \fBmerge, .\fP specifies a merge\-file to read for more rules.
- .br
-! \fBdir\-merge, :\fP specifies a per\-directory merge\-file.
- .br
- \fBhide, H\fP specifies a pattern for hiding files from the transfer.
- .br
-***************
-*** 2601,2615 ****
-
- .PP
- When rules are being read from a file, empty lines are ignored, as are
-! comment lines that start with a \(lq#\(rq.
- .PP
-! Note that the \fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP command-line options do not allow the
-! full range of rule parsing as described above \(em they only allow the
-! specification of include/exclude patterns plus a \(lq!\(rq token to clear the
- list (and the normal comment parsing when rules are read from a file).
- If a pattern
-! does not begin with \(lq\- \(rq (dash, space) or \(lq+ \(rq (plus, space), then the
-! rule will be interpreted as if \(lq+ \(rq (for an include option) or \(lq\- \(rq (for
- an exclude option) were prefixed to the string. A \fB\-\-filter\fP option, on
- the other hand, must always contain either a short or long rule name at the
- start of the rule.
---- 2678,2692 ----
-
- .PP
- When rules are being read from a file, empty lines are ignored, as are
-! comment lines that start with a \(dq\&#\(dq\&.
- .PP
-! Note that the \fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP command\-line options do not allow the
-! full range of rule parsing as described above \-\- they only allow the
-! specification of include/exclude patterns plus a \(dq\&!\(dq\& token to clear the
- list (and the normal comment parsing when rules are read from a file).
- If a pattern
-! does not begin with \(dq\&\- \(dq\& (dash, space) or \(dq\&+ \(dq\& (plus, space), then the
-! rule will be interpreted as if \(dq\&+ \(dq\& (for an include option) or \(dq\&\- \(dq\& (for
- an exclude option) were prefixed to the string. A \fB\-\-filter\fP option, on
- the other hand, must always contain either a short or long rule name at the
- start of the rule.
-***************
-*** 2616,2629 ****
- .PP
- Note also that the \fB\-\-filter\fP, \fB\-\-include\fP, and \fB\-\-exclude\fP options take one
- rule/pattern each. To add multiple ones, you can repeat the options on
-! the command-line, use the merge-file syntax of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option, or
- the \fB\-\-include\-from\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP options.
- .PP
- .SH "INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERN RULES"
-
- .PP
-! You can include and exclude files by specifying patterns using the \(lq+\(rq,
-! \(lq\-\(rq, etc. filter rules (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above).
- The include/exclude rules each specify a pattern that is matched against
- the names of the files that are going to be transferred. These patterns
- can take several forms:
---- 2693,2706 ----
- .PP
- Note also that the \fB\-\-filter\fP, \fB\-\-include\fP, and \fB\-\-exclude\fP options take one
- rule/pattern each. To add multiple ones, you can repeat the options on
-! the command\-line, use the merge\-file syntax of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option, or
- the \fB\-\-include\-from\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP options.
- .PP
- .SH "INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERN RULES"
-
- .PP
-! You can include and exclude files by specifying patterns using the \(dq\&+\(dq\&,
-! \(dq\&\-\(dq\&, etc. filter rules (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above).
- The include/exclude rules each specify a pattern that is matched against
- the names of the files that are going to be transferred. These patterns
- can take several forms:
-***************
-*** 2633,2647 ****
- particular spot in the hierarchy of files, otherwise it is matched
- against the end of the pathname. This is similar to a leading ^ in
- regular expressions.
-! Thus \(lq/foo\(rq would match a name of \(lqfoo\(rq at either the \(lqroot of the
-! transfer\(rq (for a global rule) or in the merge-file's directory (for a
-! per-directory rule).
-! An unqualified \(lqfoo\(rq would match a name of \(lqfoo\(rq anywhere in the
- tree because the algorithm is applied recursively from the
- top down; it behaves as if each path component gets a turn at being the
-! end of the filename. Even the unanchored \(lqsub/foo\(rq would match at
-! any point in the hierarchy where a \(lqfoo\(rq was found within a directory
-! named \(lqsub\(rq. See the section on ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS for
- a full discussion of how to specify a pattern that matches at the root
- of the transfer.
- .IP o
---- 2710,2724 ----
- particular spot in the hierarchy of files, otherwise it is matched
- against the end of the pathname. This is similar to a leading ^ in
- regular expressions.
-! Thus \(dq\&/foo\(dq\& would match a name of \(dq\&foo\(dq\& at either the \(dq\&root of the
-! transfer\(dq\& (for a global rule) or in the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory (for a
-! per\-directory rule).
-! An unqualified \(dq\&foo\(dq\& would match a name of \(dq\&foo\(dq\& anywhere in the
- tree because the algorithm is applied recursively from the
- top down; it behaves as if each path component gets a turn at being the
-! end of the filename. Even the unanchored \(dq\&sub/foo\(dq\& would match at
-! any point in the hierarchy where a \(dq\&foo\(dq\& was found within a directory
-! named \(dq\&sub\(dq\&. See the section on ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS for
- a full discussion of how to specify a pattern that matches at the root
- of the transfer.
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 2650,2693 ****
- .IP o
- rsync chooses between doing a simple string match and wildcard
- matching by checking if the pattern contains one of these three wildcard
-! characters: \(oq*\(cq, \(oq?\(cq, and \(oq[\(cq .
- .IP o
-! a \(oq*\(cq matches any path component, but it stops at slashes.
- .IP o
-! use '**' to match anything, including slashes.
- .IP o
-! a \(oq?\(cq matches any character except a slash (/).
- .IP o
-! a \(oq[\(cq introduces a character class, such as [a\-z] or [[:alpha:]].
- .IP o
- in a wildcard pattern, a backslash can be used to escape a wildcard
- character, but it is matched literally when no wildcards are present.
- .IP o
-! if the pattern contains a / (not counting a trailing /) or a \(lq**\(rq,
- then it is matched against the full pathname, including any leading
-! directories. If the pattern doesn't contain a / or a \(lq**\(rq, then it is
- matched only against the final component of the filename.
-! (Remember that the algorithm is applied recursively so \(lqfull filename\(rq
- can actually be any portion of a path from the starting directory on
- down.)
- .IP o
-! a trailing \(lqdir_name/***\(rq will match both the directory (as if
-! \(lqdir_name/\(rq had been specified) and everything in the directory
-! (as if \(lqdir_name/**\(rq had been specified). This behavior was added in
- version 2.6.7.
-
- .PP
- Note that, when using the \fB\-\-recursive\fP (\fB\-r\fP) option (which is implied by
- \fB\-a\fP), every subcomponent of every path is visited from the top down, so
-! include/exclude patterns get applied recursively to each subcomponent's
-! full name (e.g. to include \(lq/foo/bar/baz\(rq the subcomponents \(lq/foo\(rq and
-! \(lq/foo/bar\(rq must not be excluded).
-! The exclude patterns actually short-circuit the directory traversal stage
- when rsync finds the files to send. If a pattern excludes a particular
- parent directory, it can render a deeper include pattern ineffectual
- because rsync did not descend through that excluded section of the
-! hierarchy. This is particularly important when using a trailing \(oq*\(cq rule.
-! For instance, this won't work:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CW+ /some/path/this\-file\-will\-not\-be\-found\fP
---- 2727,2770 ----
- .IP o
- rsync chooses between doing a simple string match and wildcard
- matching by checking if the pattern contains one of these three wildcard
-! characters: \(cq\&*\(cq\&, \(cq\&?\(cq\&, and \(cq\&[\(cq\& .
- .IP o
-! a \(cq\&*\(cq\& matches any path component, but it stops at slashes.
- .IP o
-! use \(cq\&**\(cq\& to match anything, including slashes.
- .IP o
-! a \(cq\&?\(cq\& matches any character except a slash (/).
- .IP o
-! a \(cq\&[\(cq\& introduces a character class, such as [a\-z] or [[:alpha:]].
- .IP o
- in a wildcard pattern, a backslash can be used to escape a wildcard
- character, but it is matched literally when no wildcards are present.
- .IP o
-! if the pattern contains a / (not counting a trailing /) or a \(dq\&**\(dq\&,
- then it is matched against the full pathname, including any leading
-! directories. If the pattern doesn\(cq\&t contain a / or a \(dq\&**\(dq\&, then it is
- matched only against the final component of the filename.
-! (Remember that the algorithm is applied recursively so \(dq\&full filename\(dq\&
- can actually be any portion of a path from the starting directory on
- down.)
- .IP o
-! a trailing \(dq\&dir_name/***\(dq\& will match both the directory (as if
-! \(dq\&dir_name/\(dq\& had been specified) and everything in the directory
-! (as if \(dq\&dir_name/**\(dq\& had been specified). This behavior was added in
- version 2.6.7.
-
- .PP
- Note that, when using the \fB\-\-recursive\fP (\fB\-r\fP) option (which is implied by
- \fB\-a\fP), every subcomponent of every path is visited from the top down, so
-! include/exclude patterns get applied recursively to each subcomponent\(cq\&s
-! full name (e.g. to include \(dq\&/foo/bar/baz\(dq\& the subcomponents \(dq\&/foo\(dq\& and
-! \(dq\&/foo/bar\(dq\& must not be excluded).
-! The exclude patterns actually short\-circuit the directory traversal stage
- when rsync finds the files to send. If a pattern excludes a particular
- parent directory, it can render a deeper include pattern ineffectual
- because rsync did not descend through that excluded section of the
-! hierarchy. This is particularly important when using a trailing \(cq\&*\(cq\& rule.
-! For instance, this won\(cq\&t work:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CW+ /some/path/this\-file\-will\-not\-be\-found\fP
-***************
-*** 2699,2709 ****
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! This fails because the parent directory \(lqsome\(rq is excluded by the \(oq*\(cq
-! rule, so rsync never visits any of the files in the \(lqsome\(rq or \(lqsome/path\(rq
- directories. One solution is to ask for all directories in the hierarchy
-! to be included by using a single rule: \(lq+ */\(rq (put it somewhere before the
-! \(lq\- *\(rq rule), and perhaps use the \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option. Another
- solution is to add specific include rules for all
- the parent dirs that need to be visited. For instance, this set of rules
- works fine:
---- 2776,2786 ----
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! This fails because the parent directory \(dq\&some\(dq\& is excluded by the \(cq\&*\(cq\&
-! rule, so rsync never visits any of the files in the \(dq\&some\(dq\& or \(dq\&some/path\(dq\&
- directories. One solution is to ask for all directories in the hierarchy
-! to be included by using a single rule: \(dq\&+ */\(dq\& (put it somewhere before the
-! \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& rule), and perhaps use the \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option. Another
- solution is to add specific include rules for all
- the parent dirs that need to be visited. For instance, this set of rules
- works fine:
-***************
-*** 2725,2768 ****
- Here are some examples of exclude/include matching:
- .PP
- .IP o
-! \(lq\- *.o\(rq would exclude all names matching *.o
- .IP o
-! \(lq\- /foo\(rq would exclude a file (or directory) named foo in the
-! transfer-root directory
- .IP o
-! \(lq\- foo/\(rq would exclude any directory named foo
- .IP o
-! \(lq\- /foo/*/bar\(rq would exclude any file named bar which is at two
-! levels below a directory named foo in the transfer-root directory
- .IP o
-! \(lq\- /foo/**/bar\(rq would exclude any file named bar two
-! or more levels below a directory named foo in the transfer-root directory
- .IP o
-! The combination of \(lq+ */\(rq, \(lq+ *.c\(rq, and \(lq\- *\(rq would include all
- directories and C source files but nothing else (see also the
- \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option)
- .IP o
-! The combination of \(lq+ foo/\(rq, \(lq+ foo/bar.c\(rq, and \(lq\- *\(rq would include
- only the foo directory and foo/bar.c (the foo directory must be
-! explicitly included or it would be excluded by the \(lq*\(rq)
-
- .PP
-! The following modifiers are accepted after a \(lq+\(rq or \(lq\-\(rq:
- .PP
- .IP o
- A \fB/\fP specifies that the include/exclude rule should be matched
- against the absolute pathname of the current item. For example,
-! \(lq\-/ /etc/passwd\(rq would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer
-! was sending files from the \(lq/etc\(rq directory, and \(lq\-/ subdir/foo\(rq
-! would always exclude \(lqfoo\(rq when it is in a dir named \(lqsubdir\(rq, even
-! if \(lqfoo\(rq is at the root of the current transfer.
- .IP o
- A \fB!\fP specifies that the include/exclude should take effect if
-! the pattern fails to match. For instance, \(lq\-! */\(rq would exclude all
-! non-directories.
- .IP o
-! A \fBC\fP is used to indicate that all the global CVS-exclude rules
-! should be inserted as excludes in place of the \(lq\-C\(rq. No arg should
- follow.
- .IP o
- An \fBs\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the sending
---- 2802,2845 ----
- Here are some examples of exclude/include matching:
- .PP
- .IP o
-! \(dq\&\- *.o\(dq\& would exclude all names matching *.o
- .IP o
-! \(dq\&\- /foo\(dq\& would exclude a file (or directory) named foo in the
-! transfer\-root directory
- .IP o
-! \(dq\&\- foo/\(dq\& would exclude any directory named foo
- .IP o
-! \(dq\&\- /foo/*/bar\(dq\& would exclude any file named bar which is at two
-! levels below a directory named foo in the transfer\-root directory
- .IP o
-! \(dq\&\- /foo/**/bar\(dq\& would exclude any file named bar two
-! or more levels below a directory named foo in the transfer\-root directory
- .IP o
-! The combination of \(dq\&+ */\(dq\&, \(dq\&+ *.c\(dq\&, and \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& would include all
- directories and C source files but nothing else (see also the
- \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option)
- .IP o
-! The combination of \(dq\&+ foo/\(dq\&, \(dq\&+ foo/bar.c\(dq\&, and \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& would include
- only the foo directory and foo/bar.c (the foo directory must be
-! explicitly included or it would be excluded by the \(dq\&*\(dq\&)
-
- .PP
-! The following modifiers are accepted after a \(dq\&+\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-\(dq\&:
- .PP
- .IP o
- A \fB/\fP specifies that the include/exclude rule should be matched
- against the absolute pathname of the current item. For example,
-! \(dq\&\-/ /etc/passwd\(dq\& would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer
-! was sending files from the \(dq\&/etc\(dq\& directory, and \(dq\&\-/ subdir/foo\(dq\&
-! would always exclude \(dq\&foo\(dq\& when it is in a dir named \(dq\&subdir\(dq\&, even
-! if \(dq\&foo\(dq\& is at the root of the current transfer.
- .IP o
- A \fB!\fP specifies that the include/exclude should take effect if
-! the pattern fails to match. For instance, \(dq\&\-! */\(dq\& would exclude all
-! non\-directories.
- .IP o
-! A \fBC\fP is used to indicate that all the global CVS\-exclude rules
-! should be inserted as excludes in place of the \(dq\&\-C\(dq\&. No arg should
- follow.
- .IP o
- An \fBs\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the sending
-***************
-*** 2769,2807 ****
- side. When a rule affects the sending side, it prevents files from
- being transferred. The default is for a rule to affect both sides
- unless \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP was specified, in which case default rules
-! become sender-side only. See also the hide (H) and show (S) rules,
-! which are an alternate way to specify sending-side includes/excludes.
- .IP o
- An \fBr\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the receiving
- side. When a rule affects the receiving side, it prevents files from
- being deleted. See the \fBs\fP modifier for more info. See also the
- protect (P) and risk (R) rules, which are an alternate way to
-! specify receiver-side includes/excludes.
- .IP o
- A \fBp\fP indicates that a rule is perishable, meaning that it is
- ignored in directories that are being deleted. For instance, the \fB\-C\fP
-! option's default rules that exclude things like \(lqCVS\(rq and \(lq*.o\(rq are
- marked as perishable, and will not prevent a directory that was removed
- on the source from being deleted on the destination.
-
- .PP
-! .SH "MERGE-FILE FILTER RULES"
-
- .PP
- You can merge whole files into your filter rules by specifying either a
-! merge (.) or a dir-merge (:) filter rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES
- section above).
- .PP
-! There are two kinds of merged files \(em single-instance (\(oq.\(cq) and
-! per-directory (\(oq:\(cq). A single-instance merge file is read one time, and
-! its rules are incorporated into the filter list in the place of the \(lq.\(rq
-! rule. For per-directory merge files, rsync will scan every directory that
- it traverses for the named file, merging its contents when the file exists
-! into the current list of inherited rules. These per-directory rule files
- must be created on the sending side because it is the sending side that is
- being scanned for the available files to transfer. These rule files may
- also need to be transferred to the receiving side if you want them to
-! affect what files don't get deleted (see PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE
- below).
- .PP
- Some examples:
---- 2846,2884 ----
- side. When a rule affects the sending side, it prevents files from
- being transferred. The default is for a rule to affect both sides
- unless \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP was specified, in which case default rules
-! become sender\-side only. See also the hide (H) and show (S) rules,
-! which are an alternate way to specify sending\-side includes/excludes.
- .IP o
- An \fBr\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the receiving
- side. When a rule affects the receiving side, it prevents files from
- being deleted. See the \fBs\fP modifier for more info. See also the
- protect (P) and risk (R) rules, which are an alternate way to
-! specify receiver\-side includes/excludes.
- .IP o
- A \fBp\fP indicates that a rule is perishable, meaning that it is
- ignored in directories that are being deleted. For instance, the \fB\-C\fP
-! option\(cq\&s default rules that exclude things like \(dq\&CVS\(dq\& and \(dq\&*.o\(dq\& are
- marked as perishable, and will not prevent a directory that was removed
- on the source from being deleted on the destination.
-
- .PP
-! .SH "MERGE\-FILE FILTER RULES"
-
- .PP
- You can merge whole files into your filter rules by specifying either a
-! merge (.) or a dir\-merge (:) filter rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES
- section above).
- .PP
-! There are two kinds of merged files \-\- single\-instance (\(cq\&.\(cq\&) and
-! per\-directory (\(cq\&:\(cq\&). A single\-instance merge file is read one time, and
-! its rules are incorporated into the filter list in the place of the \(dq\&.\(dq\&
-! rule. For per\-directory merge files, rsync will scan every directory that
- it traverses for the named file, merging its contents when the file exists
-! into the current list of inherited rules. These per\-directory rule files
- must be created on the sending side because it is the sending side that is
- being scanned for the available files to transfer. These rule files may
- also need to be transferred to the receiving side if you want them to
-! affect what files don\(cq\&t get deleted (see PER\-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE
- below).
- .PP
- Some examples:
-***************
-*** 2820,2875 ****
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! The following modifiers are accepted after a merge or dir-merge rule:
- .PP
- .IP o
- A \fB\-\fP specifies that the file should consist of only exclude
-! patterns, with no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
- .IP o
- A \fB+\fP specifies that the file should consist of only include
-! patterns, with no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
- .IP o
- A \fBC\fP is a way to specify that the file should be read in a
-! CVS-compatible manner. This turns on \(oqn\(cq, \(oqw\(cq, and '\-', but also
-! allows the list-clearing token (!) to be specified. If no filename is
-! provided, \(lq.cvsignore\(rq is assumed.
- .IP o
-! A \fBe\fP will exclude the merge-file name from the transfer; e.g.
-! \(lqdir-merge,e .rules\(rq is like \(lqdir-merge .rules\(rq and \(lq\- .rules\(rq.
- .IP o
- An \fBn\fP specifies that the rules are not inherited by subdirectories.
- .IP o
-! A \fBw\fP specifies that the rules are word-split on whitespace instead
-! of the normal line-splitting. This also turns off comments. Note: the
- space that separates the prefix from the rule is treated specially, so
-! \(lq\- foo + bar\(rq is parsed as two rules (assuming that prefix-parsing wasn't
- also disabled).
- .IP o
-! You may also specify any of the modifiers for the \(lq+\(rq or \(lq\-\(rq rules
- (above) in order to have the rules that are read in from the file
-! default to having that modifier set. For instance, \(lqmerge,\-/ .excl\(rq would
-! treat the contents of .excl as absolute-path excludes,
-! while \(lqdir-merge,s .filt\(rq and \(lq:sC\(rq would each make all their
-! per-directory rules apply only on the sending side.
-
- .PP
-! Per-directory rules are inherited in all subdirectories of the directory
-! where the merge-file was found unless the \(oqn\(cq modifier was used. Each
-! subdirectory's rules are prefixed to the inherited per-directory rules
- from its parents, which gives the newest rules a higher priority than the
-! inherited rules. The entire set of dir-merge rules are grouped together in
-! the spot where the merge-file was specified, so it is possible to override
-! dir-merge rules via a rule that got specified earlier in the list of global
-! rules. When the list-clearing rule (\(lq!\(rq) is read from a per-directory
- file, it only clears the inherited rules for the current merge file.
- .PP
-! Another way to prevent a single rule from a dir-merge file from being inherited is to
-! anchor it with a leading slash. Anchored rules in a per-directory
-! merge-file are relative to the merge-file's directory, so a pattern \(lq/foo\(rq
-! would only match the file \(lqfoo\(rq in the directory where the dir-merge filter
- file was found.
- .PP
-! Here's an example filter file which you'd specify via \fB\-\-filter=". file":\fP
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWmerge /home/user/.global\-filter\fP
---- 2897,2956 ----
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! The following modifiers are accepted after a merge or dir\-merge rule:
- .PP
- .IP o
- A \fB\-\fP specifies that the file should consist of only exclude
-! patterns, with no other rule\-parsing except for in\-file comments.
- .IP o
- A \fB+\fP specifies that the file should consist of only include
-! patterns, with no other rule\-parsing except for in\-file comments.
- .IP o
- A \fBC\fP is a way to specify that the file should be read in a
-! CVS\-compatible manner. This turns on \(cq\&n\(cq\&, \(cq\&w\(cq\&, and \(cq\&\-\(cq\&, but also
-! allows the list\-clearing token (!) to be specified. If no filename is
-! provided, \(dq\&.cvsignore\(dq\& is assumed.
- .IP o
-! A \fBe\fP will exclude the merge\-file name from the transfer; e.g.
-! \(dq\&dir\-merge,e .rules\(dq\& is like \(dq\&dir\-merge .rules\(dq\& and \(dq\&\- .rules\(dq\&.
- .IP o
- An \fBn\fP specifies that the rules are not inherited by subdirectories.
- .IP o
-! A \fBw\fP specifies that the rules are word\-split on whitespace instead
-! of the normal line\-splitting. This also turns off comments. Note: the
- space that separates the prefix from the rule is treated specially, so
-! \(dq\&\- foo + bar\(dq\& is parsed as two rules (assuming that prefix\-parsing wasn\(cq\&t
- also disabled).
- .IP o
-! You may also specify any of the modifiers for the \(dq\&+\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-\(dq\& rules
- (above) in order to have the rules that are read in from the file
-! default to having that modifier set (except for the \fB!\fP modifier, which
-! would not be useful). For instance, \(dq\&merge,\-/ .excl\(dq\& would
-! treat the contents of .excl as absolute\-path excludes,
-! while \(dq\&dir\-merge,s .filt\(dq\& and \(dq\&:sC\(dq\& would each make all their
-! per\-directory rules apply only on the sending side. If the merge rule
-! specifies sides to affect (via the \fBs\fP or \fBr\fP modifier or both),
-! then the rules in the file must not specify sides (via a modifier or
-! a rule prefix such as \fBhide\fP).
-
- .PP
-! Per\-directory rules are inherited in all subdirectories of the directory
-! where the merge\-file was found unless the \(cq\&n\(cq\& modifier was used. Each
-! subdirectory\(cq\&s rules are prefixed to the inherited per\-directory rules
- from its parents, which gives the newest rules a higher priority than the
-! inherited rules. The entire set of dir\-merge rules are grouped together in
-! the spot where the merge\-file was specified, so it is possible to override
-! dir\-merge rules via a rule that got specified earlier in the list of global
-! rules. When the list\-clearing rule (\(dq\&!\(dq\&) is read from a per\-directory
- file, it only clears the inherited rules for the current merge file.
- .PP
-! Another way to prevent a single rule from a dir\-merge file from being inherited is to
-! anchor it with a leading slash. Anchored rules in a per\-directory
-! merge\-file are relative to the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory, so a pattern \(dq\&/foo\(dq\&
-! would only match the file \(dq\&foo\(dq\& in the directory where the dir\-merge filter
- file was found.
- .PP
-! Here\(cq\&s an example filter file which you\(cq\&d specify via \fB\-\-filter=\(dq\&. file\(dq\&:\fP
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWmerge /home/user/.global\-filter\fP
-***************
-*** 2886,2903 ****
-
- .PP
- This will merge the contents of the /home/user/.global\-filter file at the
-! start of the list and also turns the \(lq.rules\(rq filename into a per-directory
- filter file. All rules read in prior to the start of the directory scan
- follow the global anchoring rules (i.e. a leading slash matches at the root
- of the transfer).
- .PP
-! If a per-directory merge-file is specified with a path that is a parent
- directory of the first transfer directory, rsync will scan all the parent
- dirs from that starting point to the transfer directory for the indicated
-! per-directory file. For instance, here is a common filter (see \fB\-F\fP):
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CW\-\-filter=': /.rsync\-filter'\fP
- .RE
-
- .PP
---- 2967,2984 ----
-
- .PP
- This will merge the contents of the /home/user/.global\-filter file at the
-! start of the list and also turns the \(dq\&.rules\(dq\& filename into a per\-directory
- filter file. All rules read in prior to the start of the directory scan
- follow the global anchoring rules (i.e. a leading slash matches at the root
- of the transfer).
- .PP
-! If a per\-directory merge\-file is specified with a path that is a parent
- directory of the first transfer directory, rsync will scan all the parent
- dirs from that starting point to the transfer directory for the indicated
-! per\-directory file. For instance, here is a common filter (see \fB\-F\fP):
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CW\-\-filter='\&: /.rsync\-filter'\&\fP
- .RE
-
- .PP
-***************
-*** 2905,2942 ****
- directories from the root down through the parent directory of the
- transfer prior to the start of the normal directory scan of the file in
- the directories that are sent as a part of the transfer. (Note: for an
-! rsync daemon, the root is always the same as the module's \(lqpath\(rq.)
- .PP
-! Some examples of this pre-scanning for per-directory files:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWrsync \-avF /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': ../../.rsync\-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': .rsync\-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! The first two commands above will look for \(lq.rsync\-filter\(rq in \(lq/\(rq and
-! \(lq/src\(rq before the normal scan begins looking for the file in \(lq/src/path\(rq
-! and its subdirectories. The last command avoids the parent-dir scan
-! and only looks for the \(lq.rsync\-filter\(rq files in each directory that is
- a part of the transfer.
- .PP
-! If you want to include the contents of a \(lq.cvsignore\(rq in your patterns,
-! you should use the rule \(lq:C\(rq, which creates a dir-merge of the .cvsignore
-! file, but parsed in a CVS-compatible manner. You can
-! use this to affect where the \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option's inclusion of the
-! per-directory .cvsignore file gets placed into your rules by putting the
-! \(lq:C\(rq wherever you like in your filter rules. Without this, rsync would
-! add the dir-merge rule for the .cvsignore file at the end of all your other
-! rules (giving it a lower priority than your command-line rules). For
- example:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWcat <<EOT | rsync \-avC \-\-filter='. \-' a/ b\fP
- .br
- \f(CW+ foo.o\fP
- .br
---- 2986,3023 ----
- directories from the root down through the parent directory of the
- transfer prior to the start of the normal directory scan of the file in
- the directories that are sent as a part of the transfer. (Note: for an
-! rsync daemon, the root is always the same as the module\(cq\&s \(dq\&path\(dq\&.)
- .PP
-! Some examples of this pre\-scanning for per\-directory files:
- .PP
- .RS
- \f(CWrsync \-avF /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: ../../.rsync\-filter'\& /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: .rsync\-filter'\& /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! The first two commands above will look for \(dq\&.rsync\-filter\(dq\& in \(dq\&/\(dq\& and
-! \(dq\&/src\(dq\& before the normal scan begins looking for the file in \(dq\&/src/path\(dq\&
-! and its subdirectories. The last command avoids the parent\-dir scan
-! and only looks for the \(dq\&.rsync\-filter\(dq\& files in each directory that is
- a part of the transfer.
- .PP
-! If you want to include the contents of a \(dq\&.cvsignore\(dq\& in your patterns,
-! you should use the rule \(dq\&:C\(dq\&, which creates a dir\-merge of the .cvsignore
-! file, but parsed in a CVS\-compatible manner. You can
-! use this to affect where the \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option\(cq\&s inclusion of the
-! per\-directory .cvsignore file gets placed into your rules by putting the
-! \(dq\&:C\(dq\& wherever you like in your filter rules. Without this, rsync would
-! add the dir\-merge rule for the .cvsignore file at the end of all your other
-! rules (giving it a lower priority than your command\-line rules). For
- example:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWcat <<EOT | rsync \-avC \-\-filter='\&. \-'\& a/ b\fP
- .br
- \f(CW+ foo.o\fP
- .br
-***************
-*** 2946,2994 ****
- .br
- \f(CWEOT\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-avC \-\-include=foo.o \-f :C \-\-exclude='*.old' a/ b\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .PP
- Both of the above rsync commands are identical. Each one will merge all
-! the per-directory .cvsignore rules in the middle of the list rather than
-! at the end. This allows their dir-specific rules to supersede the rules
- that follow the :C instead of being subservient to all your rules. To
- affect the other CVS exclude rules (i.e. the default list of exclusions,
- the contents of $HOME/.cvsignore, and the value of $CVSIGNORE) you should
-! omit the \fB\-C\fP command-line option and instead insert a \(lq\-C\(rq rule into
-! your filter rules; e.g. \(lq\fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP\(rq.
- .PP
-! .SH "LIST-CLEARING FILTER RULE"
-
- .PP
-! You can clear the current include/exclude list by using the \(lq!\(rq filter
-! rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above). The \(lqcurrent\(rq
- list is either the global list of rules (if the rule is encountered while
-! parsing the filter options) or a set of per-directory rules (which are
-! inherited in their own sub-list, so a subdirectory can use this to clear
-! out the parent's rules).
- .PP
- .SH "ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS"
-
- .PP
- As mentioned earlier, global include/exclude patterns are anchored at the
-! \(lqroot of the transfer\(rq (as opposed to per-directory patterns, which are
-! anchored at the merge-file's directory). If you think of the transfer as
- a subtree of names that are being sent from sender to receiver, the
-! transfer-root is where the tree starts to be duplicated in the destination
- directory. This root governs where patterns that start with a / match.
- .PP
-! Because the matching is relative to the transfer-root, changing the
- trailing slash on a source path or changing your use of the \fB\-\-relative\fP
- option affects the path you need to use in your matching (in addition to
- changing how much of the file tree is duplicated on the destination
- host). The following examples demonstrate this.
- .PP
-! Let's say that we want to match two source files, one with an absolute
-! path of \(lq/home/me/foo/bar\(rq, and one with a path of \(lq/home/you/bar/baz\(rq.
-! Here is how the various command choices differ for a 2-source transfer:
- .PP
- .RS
- Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me /home/you /dest
---- 3027,3075 ----
- .br
- \f(CWEOT\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-avC \-\-include=foo.o \-f :C \-\-exclude='\&*.old'\& a/ b\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .PP
- Both of the above rsync commands are identical. Each one will merge all
-! the per\-directory .cvsignore rules in the middle of the list rather than
-! at the end. This allows their dir\-specific rules to supersede the rules
- that follow the :C instead of being subservient to all your rules. To
- affect the other CVS exclude rules (i.e. the default list of exclusions,
- the contents of $HOME/.cvsignore, and the value of $CVSIGNORE) you should
-! omit the \fB\-C\fP command\-line option and instead insert a \(dq\&\-C\(dq\& rule into
-! your filter rules; e.g. \(dq\&\fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP\(dq\&.
- .PP
-! .SH "LIST\-CLEARING FILTER RULE"
-
- .PP
-! You can clear the current include/exclude list by using the \(dq\&!\(dq\& filter
-! rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above). The \(dq\¤t\(dq\&
- list is either the global list of rules (if the rule is encountered while
-! parsing the filter options) or a set of per\-directory rules (which are
-! inherited in their own sub\-list, so a subdirectory can use this to clear
-! out the parent\(cq\&s rules).
- .PP
- .SH "ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS"
-
- .PP
- As mentioned earlier, global include/exclude patterns are anchored at the
-! \(dq\&root of the transfer\(dq\& (as opposed to per\-directory patterns, which are
-! anchored at the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory). If you think of the transfer as
- a subtree of names that are being sent from sender to receiver, the
-! transfer\-root is where the tree starts to be duplicated in the destination
- directory. This root governs where patterns that start with a / match.
- .PP
-! Because the matching is relative to the transfer\-root, changing the
- trailing slash on a source path or changing your use of the \fB\-\-relative\fP
- option affects the path you need to use in your matching (in addition to
- changing how much of the file tree is duplicated on the destination
- host). The following examples demonstrate this.
- .PP
-! Let\(cq\&s say that we want to match two source files, one with an absolute
-! path of \(dq\&/home/me/foo/bar\(dq\&, and one with a path of \(dq\&/home/you/bar/baz\(dq\&.
-! Here is how the various command choices differ for a 2\-source transfer:
- .PP
- .RS
- Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me /home/you /dest
-***************
-*** 3007,3015 ****
- .RS
- Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me/ /home/you/ /dest
- .br
-! +/\- pattern: /foo/bar (note missing \(lqme\(rq)
- .br
-! +/\- pattern: /bar/baz (note missing \(lqyou\(rq)
- .br
- Target file: /dest/foo/bar
- .br
---- 3088,3096 ----
- .RS
- Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me/ /home/you/ /dest
- .br
-! +/\- pattern: /foo/bar (note missing \(dq\&me\(dq\&)
- .br
-! +/\- pattern: /bar/baz (note missing \(dq\&you\(dq\&)
- .br
- Target file: /dest/foo/bar
- .br
-***************
-*** 3048,3075 ****
- .PP
- The easiest way to see what name you should filter is to just
- look at the output when using \fB\-\-verbose\fP and put a / in front of the name
-! (use the \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP option if you're not yet ready to copy any files).
- .PP
-! .SH "PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE"
-
- .PP
-! Without a delete option, per-directory rules are only relevant on the
- sending side, so you can feel free to exclude the merge files themselves
-! without affecting the transfer. To make this easy, the \(oqe\(cq modifier adds
- this exclude for you, as seen in these two equivalent commands:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': .excl' \-\-exclude=.excl host:src/dir /dest\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=':e .excl' host:src/dir /dest\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .PP
- However, if you want to do a delete on the receiving side AND you want some
-! files to be excluded from being deleted, you'll need to be sure that the
- receiving side knows what files to exclude. The easiest way is to include
-! the per-directory merge files in the transfer and use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP,
- because this ensures that the receiving side gets all the same exclude
- rules as the sending side before it tries to delete anything:
- .PP
---- 3129,3156 ----
- .PP
- The easiest way to see what name you should filter is to just
- look at the output when using \fB\-\-verbose\fP and put a / in front of the name
-! (use the \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP option if you\(cq\&re not yet ready to copy any files).
- .PP
-! .SH "PER\-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE"
-
- .PP
-! Without a delete option, per\-directory rules are only relevant on the
- sending side, so you can feel free to exclude the merge files themselves
-! without affecting the transfer. To make this easy, the \(cq\&e\(cq\& modifier adds
- this exclude for you, as seen in these two equivalent commands:
- .PP
- .RS
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: .excl'\& \-\-exclude=.excl host:src/dir /dest\fP
- .br
-! \f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&:e .excl'\& host:src/dir /dest\fP
- .br
- .RE
-
- .PP
- However, if you want to do a delete on the receiving side AND you want some
-! files to be excluded from being deleted, you\(cq\&ll need to be sure that the
- receiving side knows what files to exclude. The easiest way is to include
-! the per\-directory merge files in the transfer and use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP,
- because this ensures that the receiving side gets all the same exclude
- rules as the sending side before it tries to delete anything:
- .PP
-***************
-*** 3078,3091 ****
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! However, if the merge files are not a part of the transfer, you'll need to
- either specify some global exclude rules (i.e. specified on the command
-! line), or you'll need to maintain your own per-directory merge files on
- the receiving side. An example of the first is this (assume that the
- remote .rules files exclude themselves):
- .PP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-\-filter=': .rules' \-\-filter='. /my/extra.rules'
- \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
- .fi
-
---- 3159,3172 ----
- .RE
-
- .PP
-! However, if the merge files are not a part of the transfer, you\(cq\&ll need to
- either specify some global exclude rules (i.e. specified on the command
-! line), or you\(cq\&ll need to maintain your own per\-directory merge files on
- the receiving side. An example of the first is this (assume that the
- remote .rules files exclude themselves):
- .PP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-\-filter=\(cq\&: .rules\(cq\& \-\-filter=\(cq\&. /my/extra.rules\(cq\&
- \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
- .fi
-
-***************
-*** 3093,3109 ****
- In the above example the extra.rules file can affect both sides of the
- transfer, but (on the sending side) the rules are subservient to the rules
- merged from the .rules files because they were specified after the
-! per-directory merge rule.
- .PP
- In one final example, the remote side is excluding the .rsync\-filter
- files from the transfer, but we want to use our own .rsync\-filter files
- to control what gets deleted on the receiving side. To do this we must
-! specifically exclude the per-directory merge files (so that they don't get
- deleted) and then put rules into the local files to control what else
- should not get deleted. Like one of these commands:
- .PP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-\-filter=':e /.rsync\-filter' \-\-delete \e
- host:src/dir /dest
- rsync \-avFF \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
- .fi
---- 3174,3190 ----
- In the above example the extra.rules file can affect both sides of the
- transfer, but (on the sending side) the rules are subservient to the rules
- merged from the .rules files because they were specified after the
-! per\-directory merge rule.
- .PP
- In one final example, the remote side is excluding the .rsync\-filter
- files from the transfer, but we want to use our own .rsync\-filter files
- to control what gets deleted on the receiving side. To do this we must
-! specifically exclude the per\-directory merge files (so that they don\(cq\&t get
- deleted) and then put rules into the local files to control what else
- should not get deleted. Like one of these commands:
- .PP
- .nf
-! rsync \-av \-\-filter='\&:e /.rsync\-filter'\& \-\-delete \e
- host:src/dir /dest
- rsync \-avFF \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
- .fi
-***************
-*** 3117,3125 ****
- number of hosts. Now suppose some changes have been made to this
- source tree and those changes need to be propagated to the other
- hosts. In order to do this using batch mode, rsync is run with the
-! write-batch option to apply the changes made to the source tree to one
-! of the destination trees. The write-batch option causes the rsync
-! client to store in a \(lqbatch file\(rq all the information needed to repeat
- this operation against other, identical destination trees.
- .PP
- Generating the batch file once saves having to perform the file
---- 3198,3206 ----
- number of hosts. Now suppose some changes have been made to this
- source tree and those changes need to be propagated to the other
- hosts. In order to do this using batch mode, rsync is run with the
-! write\-batch option to apply the changes made to the source tree to one
-! of the destination trees. The write\-batch option causes the rsync
-! client to store in a \(dq\&batch file\(dq\& all the information needed to repeat
- this operation against other, identical destination trees.
- .PP
- Generating the batch file once saves having to perform the file
-***************
-*** 3129,3143 ****
- at once, instead of sending the same data to every host individually.
- .PP
- To apply the recorded changes to another destination tree, run rsync
-! with the read-batch option, specifying the name of the same batch
- file, and the destination tree. Rsync updates the destination tree
- using the information stored in the batch file.
- .PP
-! For your convenience, a script file is also created when the write-batch
-! option is used: it will be named the same as the batch file with \(lq.sh\(rq
-! appended. This script file contains a command-line suitable for updating a
- destination tree using the associated batch file. It can be executed using
-! a Bourne (or Bourne-like) shell, optionally passing in an alternate
- destination tree pathname which is then used instead of the original
- destination path. This is useful when the destination tree path on the
- current host differs from the one used to create the batch file.
---- 3210,3224 ----
- at once, instead of sending the same data to every host individually.
- .PP
- To apply the recorded changes to another destination tree, run rsync
-! with the read\-batch option, specifying the name of the same batch
- file, and the destination tree. Rsync updates the destination tree
- using the information stored in the batch file.
- .PP
-! For your convenience, a script file is also created when the write\-batch
-! option is used: it will be named the same as the batch file with \(dq\&.sh\(dq\&
-! appended. This script file contains a command\-line suitable for updating a
- destination tree using the associated batch file. It can be executed using
-! a Bourne (or Bourne\-like) shell, optionally passing in an alternate
- destination tree pathname which is then used instead of the original
- destination path. This is useful when the destination tree path on the
- current host differs from the one used to create the batch file.
-***************
-*** 3163,3209 ****
-
- .PP
- In these examples, rsync is used to update /adest/dir/ from /source/dir/
-! and the information to repeat this operation is stored in \(lqfoo\(rq and
-! \(lqfoo.sh\(rq. The host \(lqremote\(rq is then updated with the batched data going
- into the directory /bdest/dir. The differences between the two examples
- reveals some of the flexibility you have in how you deal with batches:
- .PP
- .IP o
-! The first example shows that the initial copy doesn't have to be
-! local \(em you can push or pull data to/from a remote host using either the
-! remote-shell syntax or rsync daemon syntax, as desired.
- .IP o
-! The first example uses the created \(lqfoo.sh\(rq file to get the right
-! rsync options when running the read-batch command on the remote host.
- .IP o
- The second example reads the batch data via standard input so that
-! the batch file doesn't need to be copied to the remote machine first.
- This example avoids the foo.sh script because it needed to use a modified
- \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, but you could edit the script file if you wished to
- make use of it (just be sure that no other option is trying to use
-! standard input, such as the \(lq\fB\-\-exclude\-from=\-\fP\(rq option).
-
- .PP
- Caveats:
- .PP
-! The read-batch option expects the destination tree that it is updating
- to be identical to the destination tree that was used to create the
- batch update fileset. When a difference between the destination trees
- is encountered the update might be discarded with a warning (if the file
-! appears to be up-to-date already) or the file-update may be attempted
- and then, if the file fails to verify, the update discarded with an
-! error. This means that it should be safe to re-run a read-batch operation
-! if the command got interrupted. If you wish to force the batched-update to
-! always be attempted regardless of the file's size and date, use the \fB\-I\fP
- option (when reading the batch).
- If an error occurs, the destination tree will probably be in a
- partially updated state. In that case, rsync can
-! be used in its regular (non-batch) mode of operation to fix up the
- destination tree.
- .PP
- The rsync version used on all destinations must be at least as new as the
- one used to generate the batch file. Rsync will die with an error if the
-! protocol version in the batch file is too new for the batch-reading rsync
- to handle. See also the \fB\-\-protocol\fP option for a way to have the
- creating rsync generate a batch file that an older rsync can understand.
- (Note that batch files changed format in version 2.6.3, so mixing versions
---- 3244,3290 ----
-
- .PP
- In these examples, rsync is used to update /adest/dir/ from /source/dir/
-! and the information to repeat this operation is stored in \(dq\&foo\(dq\& and
-! \(dq\&foo.sh\(dq\&. The host \(dq\&remote\(dq\& is then updated with the batched data going
- into the directory /bdest/dir. The differences between the two examples
- reveals some of the flexibility you have in how you deal with batches:
- .PP
- .IP o
-! The first example shows that the initial copy doesn\(cq\&t have to be
-! local \-\- you can push or pull data to/from a remote host using either the
-! remote\-shell syntax or rsync daemon syntax, as desired.
- .IP o
-! The first example uses the created \(dq\&foo.sh\(dq\& file to get the right
-! rsync options when running the read\-batch command on the remote host.
- .IP o
- The second example reads the batch data via standard input so that
-! the batch file doesn\(cq\&t need to be copied to the remote machine first.
- This example avoids the foo.sh script because it needed to use a modified
- \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, but you could edit the script file if you wished to
- make use of it (just be sure that no other option is trying to use
-! standard input, such as the \(dq\&\fB\-\-exclude\-from=\-\fP\(dq\& option).
-
- .PP
- Caveats:
- .PP
-! The read\-batch option expects the destination tree that it is updating
- to be identical to the destination tree that was used to create the
- batch update fileset. When a difference between the destination trees
- is encountered the update might be discarded with a warning (if the file
-! appears to be up\-to\-date already) or the file\-update may be attempted
- and then, if the file fails to verify, the update discarded with an
-! error. This means that it should be safe to re\-run a read\-batch operation
-! if the command got interrupted. If you wish to force the batched\-update to
-! always be attempted regardless of the file\(cq\&s size and date, use the \fB\-I\fP
- option (when reading the batch).
- If an error occurs, the destination tree will probably be in a
- partially updated state. In that case, rsync can
-! be used in its regular (non\-batch) mode of operation to fix up the
- destination tree.
- .PP
- The rsync version used on all destinations must be at least as new as the
- one used to generate the batch file. Rsync will die with an error if the
-! protocol version in the batch file is too new for the batch\-reading rsync
- to handle. See also the \fB\-\-protocol\fP option for a way to have the
- creating rsync generate a batch file that an older rsync can understand.
- (Note that batch files changed format in version 2.6.3, so mixing versions
-***************
-*** 3210,3217 ****
- older than that with newer versions will not work.)
- .PP
- When reading a batch file, rsync will force the value of certain options
-! to match the data in the batch file if you didn't set them to the same
-! as the batch-writing command. Other options can (and should) be changed.
- For instance \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP changes to \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP,
- \fB\-\-files\-from\fP is dropped, and the
- \fB\-\-filter\fP/\fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP options are not needed unless
---- 3291,3298 ----
- older than that with newer versions will not work.)
- .PP
- When reading a batch file, rsync will force the value of certain options
-! to match the data in the batch file if you didn\(cq\&t set them to the same
-! as the batch\-writing command. Other options can (and should) be changed.
- For instance \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP changes to \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP,
- \fB\-\-files\-from\fP is dropped, and the
- \fB\-\-filter\fP/\fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP options are not needed unless
-***************
-*** 3218,3230 ****
- one of the \fB\-\-delete\fP options is specified.
- .PP
- The code that creates the BATCH.sh file transforms any filter/include/exclude
-! options into a single list that is appended as a \(lqhere\(rq document to the
- shell script file. An advanced user can use this to modify the exclude
- list if a change in what gets deleted by \fB\-\-delete\fP is desired. A normal
- user can ignore this detail and just use the shell script as an easy way
- to run the appropriate \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP command for the batched data.
- .PP
-! The original batch mode in rsync was based on \(lqrsync+\(rq, but the latest
- version uses a new implementation.
- .PP
- .SH "SYMBOLIC LINKS"
---- 3299,3311 ----
- one of the \fB\-\-delete\fP options is specified.
- .PP
- The code that creates the BATCH.sh file transforms any filter/include/exclude
-! options into a single list that is appended as a \(dq\&here\(dq\& document to the
- shell script file. An advanced user can use this to modify the exclude
- list if a change in what gets deleted by \fB\-\-delete\fP is desired. A normal
- user can ignore this detail and just use the shell script as an easy way
- to run the appropriate \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP command for the batched data.
- .PP
-! The original batch mode in rsync was based on \(dq\&rsync+\(dq\&, but the latest
- version uses a new implementation.
- .PP
- .SH "SYMBOLIC LINKS"
-***************
-*** 3234,3251 ****
- link in the source directory.
- .PP
- By default, symbolic links are not transferred at all. A message
-! \(lqskipping non-regular\(rq file is emitted for any symlinks that exist.
- .PP
- If \fB\-\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are recreated with the same
- target on the destination. Note that \fB\-\-archive\fP implies
- \fB\-\-links\fP.
- .PP
-! If \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are \(lqcollapsed\(rq by
- copying their referent, rather than the symlink.
- .PP
-! rsync also distinguishes \(lqsafe\(rq and \(lqunsafe\(rq symbolic links. An
-! example where this might be used is a web site mirror that wishes
-! ensure the rsync module they copy does not include symbolic links to
- \fB/etc/passwd\fP in the public section of the site. Using
- \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP will cause any links to be copied as the file
- they point to on the destination. Using \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP will cause
---- 3315,3332 ----
- link in the source directory.
- .PP
- By default, symbolic links are not transferred at all. A message
-! \(dq\&skipping non\-regular\(dq\& file is emitted for any symlinks that exist.
- .PP
- If \fB\-\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are recreated with the same
- target on the destination. Note that \fB\-\-archive\fP implies
- \fB\-\-links\fP.
- .PP
-! If \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are \(dq\&collapsed\(dq\& by
- copying their referent, rather than the symlink.
- .PP
-! Rsync can also distinguish \(dq\&safe\(dq\& and \(dq\&unsafe\(dq\& symbolic links. An
-! example where this might be used is a web site mirror that wishes to
-! ensure that the rsync module that is copied does not include symbolic links to
- \fB/etc/passwd\fP in the public section of the site. Using
- \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP will cause any links to be copied as the file
- they point to on the destination. Using \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP will cause
-***************
-*** 3253,3263 ****
- \fB\-\-links\fP for \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP to have any effect.)
- .PP
- Symbolic links are considered unsafe if they are absolute symlinks
-! (start with \fB/\fP), empty, or if they contain enough \(lq..\(rq
- components to ascend from the directory being copied.
- .PP
-! Here's a summary of how the symlink options are interpreted. The list is
-! in order of precedence, so if your combination of options isn't mentioned,
- use the first line that is a complete subset of your options:
- .PP
- .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-links\fP"
---- 3334,3344 ----
- \fB\-\-links\fP for \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP to have any effect.)
- .PP
- Symbolic links are considered unsafe if they are absolute symlinks
-! (start with \fB/\fP), empty, or if they contain enough \(dq\&..\(dq\&
- components to ascend from the directory being copied.
- .PP
-! Here\(cq\&s a summary of how the symlink options are interpreted. The list is
-! in order of precedence, so if your combination of options isn\(cq\&t mentioned,
- use the first line that is a complete subset of your options:
- .PP
- .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-links\fP"
-***************
-*** 3283,3290 ****
-
- .PP
- rsync occasionally produces error messages that may seem a little
-! cryptic. The one that seems to cause the most confusion is \(lqprotocol
-! version mismatch \(em is your shell clean?\(rq.
- .PP
- This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell
- facility producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using
---- 3364,3371 ----
-
- .PP
- rsync occasionally produces error messages that may seem a little
-! cryptic. The one that seems to cause the most confusion is \(dq\&protocol
-! version mismatch \-\- is your shell clean?\(dq\&.
- .PP
- This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell
- facility producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using
-***************
-*** 3302,3308 ****
- data. Look at the contents and try to work out what is producing
- it. The most common cause is incorrectly configured shell startup
- scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that contain output statements
-! for non-interactive logins.
- .PP
- If you are having trouble debugging filter patterns, then
- try specifying the \fB\-vv\fP option. At this level of verbosity rsync will
---- 3383,3389 ----
- data. Look at the contents and try to work out what is producing
- it. The most common cause is incorrectly configured shell startup
- scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that contain output statements
-! for non\-interactive logins.
- .PP
- If you are having trouble debugging filter patterns, then
- try specifying the \fB\-vv\fP option. At this level of verbosity rsync will
-***************
-*** 3321,3333 ****
- Errors selecting input/output files, dirs
- .IP "\fB4\fP"
- Requested action not supported: an attempt
-! was made to manipulate 64-bit files on a platform that cannot support
- them; or an option was specified that is supported by the client and
- not by the server.
- .IP "\fB5\fP"
-! Error starting client-server protocol
- .IP "\fB6\fP"
-! Daemon unable to append to log-file
- .IP "\fB10\fP"
- Error in socket I/O
- .IP "\fB11\fP"
---- 3402,3414 ----
- Errors selecting input/output files, dirs
- .IP "\fB4\fP"
- Requested action not supported: an attempt
-! was made to manipulate 64\-bit files on a platform that cannot support
- them; or an option was specified that is supported by the client and
- not by the server.
- .IP "\fB5\fP"
-! Error starting client\-server protocol
- .IP "\fB6\fP"
-! Daemon unable to append to log\-file
- .IP "\fB10\fP"
- Error in socket I/O
- .IP "\fB11\fP"
-***************
-*** 3366,3372 ****
- more details.
- .IP "\fBRSYNC_ICONV\fP"
- Specify a default \fB\-\-iconv\fP setting using this
-! environment variable.
- .IP "\fBRSYNC_RSH\fP"
- The RSYNC_RSH environment variable allows you to
- override the default shell used as the transport for rsync. Command line
---- 3447,3453 ----
- more details.
- .IP "\fBRSYNC_ICONV\fP"
- Specify a default \fB\-\-iconv\fP setting using this
-! environment variable. (First supported in 3.0.0.)
- .IP "\fBRSYNC_RSH\fP"
- The RSYNC_RSH environment variable allows you to
- override the default shell used as the transport for rsync. Command line
-***************
-*** 3380,3392 ****
- password allows you to run authenticated rsync connections to an rsync
- daemon without user intervention. Note that this does not supply a
- password to a remote shell transport such as ssh; to learn how to do that,
-! consult the remote shell's documentation.
- .IP "\fBUSER\fP or \fBLOGNAME\fP"
- The USER or LOGNAME environment variables
- are used to determine the default username sent to an rsync daemon.
-! If neither is set, the username defaults to \(lqnobody\(rq.
- .IP "\fBHOME\fP"
-! The HOME environment variable is used to find the user's
- default .cvsignore file.
-
- .PP
---- 3461,3473 ----
- password allows you to run authenticated rsync connections to an rsync
- daemon without user intervention. Note that this does not supply a
- password to a remote shell transport such as ssh; to learn how to do that,
-! consult the remote shell\(cq\&s documentation.
- .IP "\fBUSER\fP or \fBLOGNAME\fP"
- The USER or LOGNAME environment variables
- are used to determine the default username sent to an rsync daemon.
-! If neither is set, the username defaults to \(dq\&nobody\(dq\&.
- .IP "\fBHOME\fP"
-! The HOME environment variable is used to find the user\(cq\&s
- default .cvsignore file.
-
- .PP
-***************
-*** 3405,3411 ****
- .PP
- times are transferred as *nix time_t values
- .PP
-! When transferring to FAT filesystems rsync may re-sync
- unmodified files.
- See the comments on the \fB\-\-modify\-window\fP option.
- .PP
---- 3486,3492 ----
- .PP
- times are transferred as *nix time_t values
- .PP
-! When transferring to FAT filesystems rsync may re\-sync
- unmodified files.
- See the comments on the \fB\-\-modify\-window\fP option.
- .PP
-***************
-*** 3420,3426 ****
- .SH "VERSION"
-
- .PP
-! This man page is current for version 3.0.6 of rsync.
- .PP
- .SH "INTERNAL OPTIONS"
-
---- 3501,3507 ----
- .SH "VERSION"
-
- .PP
-! This man page is current for version 3.0.8 of rsync.
- .PP
- .SH "INTERNAL OPTIONS"
-
-***************
-*** 3441,3447 ****
- .PP
- A WEB site is available at
- http://rsync.samba.org/. The site
-! includes an FAQ-O-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this
- manual page.
- .PP
- The primary ftp site for rsync is
---- 3522,3528 ----
- .PP
- A WEB site is available at
- http://rsync.samba.org/. The site
-! includes an FAQ\-O\-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this
- manual page.
- .PP
- The primary ftp site for rsync is
-***************
-*** 3448,3467 ****
- ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync.
- .PP
- We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
-! Please contact the mailing-list at [email protected].
- .PP
- This program uses the excellent zlib compression library written by
-! Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
- .PP
- .SH "THANKS"
-
- .PP
-! Especial thanks go out to: John Van Essen, Matt McCutchen, Wesley W. Terpstra,
- David Dykstra, Jos Backus, Sebastian Krahmer, Martin Pool, and our
-! gone-but-not-forgotten compadre, J.W. Schultz.
- .PP
- Thanks also to Richard Brent, Brendan Mackay, Bill Waite, Stephen Rothwell
-! and David Bell. I've probably missed some people, my apologies if I have.
- .PP
- .SH "AUTHOR"
-
---- 3529,3548 ----
- ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync.
- .PP
- We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
-! Please contact the mailing\-list at [email protected].
- .PP
- This program uses the excellent zlib compression library written by
-! Jean\-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
- .PP
- .SH "THANKS"
-
- .PP
-! Special thanks go out to: John Van Essen, Matt McCutchen, Wesley W. Terpstra,
- David Dykstra, Jos Backus, Sebastian Krahmer, Martin Pool, and our
-! gone\-but\-not\-forgotten compadre, J.W. Schultz.
- .PP
- Thanks also to Richard Brent, Brendan Mackay, Bill Waite, Stephen Rothwell
-! and David Bell. I\(cq\&ve probably missed some people, my apologies if I have.
- .PP
- .SH "AUTHOR"
-
+--- rsync-3.0.8/rsync.1.~1~ Sat Mar 26 14:37:52 2011
++++ rsync-3.0.8/rsync.1 Mon Jun 13 22:07:51 2011
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+-.TH "rsync" "1" "26 Mar 2011" "" ""
++.TH "rsync" "1" "8 May 2009" "" ""
+ .SH "NAME"
+-rsync \(em a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file\-copying tool
++rsync \(em a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
+ .SH "SYNOPSIS"
+
+ .PP
+@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@
+ copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a
+ remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control
+ every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the
+-set of files to be copied. It is famous for its delta\-transfer algorithm,
++set of files to be copied. It is famous for its delta-transfer algorithm,
+ which reduces the amount of data sent over the network by sending only the
+ differences between the source files and the existing files in the
+ destination. Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an
+ improved copy command for everyday use.
+ .PP
+-Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a \(dq\&quick check\(dq\&
++Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a \(lqquick check\(rq
+ algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or
+-in last\-modified time. Any changes in the other preserved attributes (as
++in last-modified time. Any changes in the other preserved attributes (as
+ requested by options) are made on the destination file directly when the
+-quick check indicates that the file\(cq\&s data does not need to be updated.
++quick check indicates that the file's data does not need to be updated.
+ .PP
+ Some of the additional features of rsync are:
+ .PP
+@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@
+ .IP o
+ support for copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions
+ .IP o
+-exclude and exclude\-from options similar to GNU tar
++exclude and exclude-from options similar to GNU tar
+ .IP o
+ a CVS exclude mode for ignoring the same files that CVS would ignore
+ .IP o
+ can use any transparent remote shell, including ssh or rsh
+ .IP o
+-does not require super\-user privileges
++does not require super-user privileges
+ .IP o
+ pipelining of file transfers to minimize latency costs
+ .IP o
+@@ -67,24 +67,24 @@
+ current host (it does not support copying files between two remote hosts).
+ .PP
+ There are two different ways for rsync to contact a remote system: using a
+-remote\-shell program as the transport (such as ssh or rsh) or contacting an
+-rsync daemon directly via TCP. The remote\-shell transport is used whenever
++remote-shell program as the transport (such as ssh or rsh) or contacting an
++rsync daemon directly via TCP. The remote-shell transport is used whenever
+ the source or destination path contains a single colon (:) separator after
+ a host specification. Contacting an rsync daemon directly happens when the
+ source or destination path contains a double colon (::) separator after a
+ host specification, OR when an rsync:// URL is specified (see also the
+-\(dq\&USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& section for
++\(lqUSING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION\(rq section for
+ an exception to this latter rule).
+ .PP
+ As a special case, if a single source arg is specified without a
+-destination, the files are listed in an output format similar to \(dq\&ls \-l\(dq\&.
++destination, the files are listed in an output format similar to \(lqls \-l\(rq.
+ .PP
+ As expected, if neither the source or destination path specify a remote
+ host, the copy occurs locally (see also the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option).
+ .PP
+-Rsync refers to the local side as the \(dq\&client\(dq\& and the remote side as the
+-\(dq\&server\(dq\&. Don\(cq\&t confuse \(dq\&server\(dq\& with an rsync daemon \-\- a daemon is always a
+-server, but a server can be either a daemon or a remote\-shell spawned process.
++Rsync refers to the local side as the \(lqclient\(rq and the remote side as the
++\(lqserver\(rq. Don't confuse \(lqserver\(rq with an rsync daemon \(em a daemon is always a
++server, but a server can be either a daemon or a remote-shell spawned process.
+ .PP
+ .SH "SETUP"
+
+@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
+ .PP
+ Once installed, you can use rsync to any machine that you can access via
+ a remote shell (as well as some that you can access using the rsync
+-daemon\-mode protocol). For remote transfers, a modern rsync uses ssh
++daemon-mode protocol). For remote transfers, a modern rsync uses ssh
+ for its communications, but it may have been configured to use a
+ different remote shell by default, such as rsh or remsh.
+ .PP
+@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
+ This would transfer all files matching the pattern *.c from the
+ current directory to the directory src on the machine foo. If any of
+ the files already exist on the remote system then the rsync
+-remote\-update protocol is used to update the file by sending only the
++remote-update protocol is used to update the file by sending only the
+ differences. See the tech report for details.
+ .PP
+ .RS
+@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
+ .PP
+ This would recursively transfer all files from the directory src/bar on the
+ machine foo into the /data/tmp/bar directory on the local machine. The
+-files are transferred in \(dq\&archive\(dq\& mode, which ensures that symbolic
++files are transferred in \(lqarchive\(rq mode, which ensures that symbolic
+ links, devices, attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc. are preserved
+ in the transfer. Additionally, compression will be used to reduce the
+ size of data portions of the transfer.
+@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@
+ .PP
+ A trailing slash on the source changes this behavior to avoid creating an
+ additional directory level at the destination. You can think of a trailing
+-/ on a source as meaning \(dq\© the contents of this directory\(dq\& as opposed
+-to \(dq\© the directory by name\(dq\&, but in both cases the attributes of the
++/ on a source as meaning \(lqcopy the contents of this directory\(rq as opposed
++to \(lqcopy the directory by name\(rq, but in both cases the attributes of the
+ containing directory are transferred to the containing directory on the
+ destination. In other words, each of the following commands copies the
+ files in the same way, including their setting of the attributes of
+@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+-Note also that host and module references don\(cq\&t require a trailing slash to
++Note also that host and module references don't require a trailing slash to
+ copy the contents of the default directory. For example, both of these
+-copy the remote directory\(cq\&s contents into \(dq\&/dest\(dq\&:
++copy the remote directory's contents into \(lq/dest\(rq:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWrsync \-av host: /dest\fP
+@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+-You can also use rsync in local\-only mode, where both the source and
+-destination don\(cq\&t have a \(cq\&:\(cq\& in the name. In this case it behaves like
++You can also use rsync in local-only mode, where both the source and
++destination don't have a \(oq:\(cq in the name. In this case it behaves like
+ an improved copy command.
+ .PP
+ Finally, you can list all the (listable) modules available from a
+@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
+
+ .PP
+ The syntax for requesting multiple files from a remote host is done by
+-specifying additional remote\-host args in the same style as the first,
++specifying additional remote-host args in the same style as the first,
+ or with the hostname omitted. For instance, all these work:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+@@ -202,22 +202,22 @@
+ examples:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+-\f(CWrsync \-av host:'\&dir1/file1 dir2/file2'\& /dest\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-av host:'dir1/file1 dir2/file2' /dest\fP
+ .br
+-\f(CWrsync host::'\&modname/dir1/file1 modname/dir2/file2'\& /dest\fP
++\f(CWrsync host::'modname/dir1/file1 modname/dir2/file2' /dest\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+-This word\-splitting still works (by default) in the latest rsync, but is
++This word-splitting still works (by default) in the latest rsync, but is
+ not as easy to use as the first method.
+ .PP
+ If you need to transfer a filename that contains whitespace, you can either
+-specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP (\fB\-s\fP) option, or you\(cq\&ll need to escape
++specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP (\fB\-s\fP) option, or you'll need to escape
+ the whitespace in a way that the remote shell will understand. For
+ instance:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+-\f(CWrsync \-av host:'\&file\e name\e with\e spaces'\& /dest\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-av host:'file\e name\e with\e spaces' /dest\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
+ you either use a double colon :: instead of a single colon to
+ separate the hostname from the path, or you use an rsync:// URL.
+ .IP o
+-the first word of the \(dq\&path\(dq\& is actually a module name.
++the first word of the \(lqpath\(rq is actually a module name.
+ .IP o
+ the remote daemon may print a message of the day when you
+ connect.
+@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
+ you must not specify the \fB\-\-rsh\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
+
+ .PP
+-An example that copies all the files in a remote module named \(dq\&src\(dq\&:
++An example that copies all the files in a remote module named \(lqsrc\(rq:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+ rsync \-av host::src /dest
+@@ -269,18 +269,18 @@
+ .PP
+ You may establish the connection via a web proxy by setting the
+ environment variable RSYNC_PROXY to a hostname:port pair pointing to
+-your web proxy. Note that your web proxy\(cq\&s configuration must support
++your web proxy. Note that your web proxy's configuration must support
+ proxy connections to port 873.
+ .PP
+ You may also establish a daemon connection using a program as a proxy by
+ setting the environment variable RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG to the commands you
+ wish to run in place of making a direct socket connection. The string may
+-contain the escape \(dq\&%H\(dq\& to represent the hostname specified in the rsync
+-command (so use \(dq\&%%\(dq\& if you need a single \(dq\&%\(dq\& in your string). For
++contain the escape \(lq%H\(rq to represent the hostname specified in the rsync
++command (so use \(lq%%\(rq if you need a single \(lq%\(rq in your string). For
+ example:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+- export RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG='\&ssh proxyhost nc %H 873'\&
++ export RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG='ssh proxyhost nc %H 873'
+ rsync \-av targethost1::module/src/ /dest/
+ rsync \-av rsync:://targethost2/module/src/ /dest/
+ .fi
+@@ -290,26 +290,26 @@
+ which forwards all data to port 873 (the rsync daemon) on the targethost
+ (%H).
+ .PP
+-.SH "USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION"
++.SH "USING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION"
+
+ .PP
+ It is sometimes useful to use various features of an rsync daemon (such as
+ named modules) without actually allowing any new socket connections into a
+-system (other than what is already required to allow remote\-shell access).
++system (other than what is already required to allow remote-shell access).
+ Rsync supports connecting to a host using a remote shell and then spawning
+-a single\-use \(dq\&daemon\(dq\& server that expects to read its config file in the
++a single-use \(lqdaemon\(rq server that expects to read its config file in the
+ home dir of the remote user. This can be useful if you want to encrypt a
+-daemon\-style transfer\(cq\&s data, but since the daemon is started up fresh by
++daemon-style transfer's data, but since the daemon is started up fresh by
+ the remote user, you may not be able to use features such as chroot or
+ change the uid used by the daemon. (For another way to encrypt a daemon
+ transfer, consider using ssh to tunnel a local port to a remote machine and
+ configure a normal rsync daemon on that remote host to only allow
+-connections from \(dq\&localhost\(dq\&.)
++connections from \(lqlocalhost\(rq.)
+ .PP
+-From the user\(cq\&s perspective, a daemon transfer via a remote\-shell
+-connection uses nearly the same command\-line syntax as a normal
+-rsync\-daemon transfer, with the only exception being that you must
+-explicitly set the remote shell program on the command\-line with the
++From the user's perspective, a daemon transfer via a remote-shell
++connection uses nearly the same command-line syntax as a normal
++rsync-daemon transfer, with the only exception being that you must
++explicitly set the remote shell program on the command-line with the
+ \fB\-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP option. (Setting the RSYNC_RSH in the environment
+ will not turn on this functionality.) For example:
+ .PP
+@@ -318,19 +318,19 @@
+ .fi
+
+ .PP
+-If you need to specify a different remote\-shell user, keep in mind that the
+-user@ prefix in front of the host is specifying the rsync\-user value (for a
+-module that requires user\-based authentication). This means that you must
+-give the \(cq\&\-l user\(cq\& option to ssh when specifying the remote\-shell, as in
++If you need to specify a different remote-shell user, keep in mind that the
++user@ prefix in front of the host is specifying the rsync-user value (for a
++module that requires user-based authentication). This means that you must
++give the '\-l user' option to ssh when specifying the remote-shell, as in
+ this example that uses the short version of the \fB\-\-rsh\fP option:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+- rsync \-av \-e \(dq\&ssh \-l ssh\-user\(dq\& rsync\-user@host::module /dest
++ rsync \-av \-e "ssh \-l ssh-user" rsync-user@host::module /dest
+ .fi
+
+ .PP
+-The \(dq\&ssh\-user\(dq\& will be used at the ssh level; the \(dq\&rsync\-user\(dq\& will be
+-used to log\-in to the \(dq\&module\(dq\&.
++The \(lqssh-user\(rq will be used at the ssh level; the \(lqrsync-user\(rq will be
++used to log-in to the \(lqmodule\(rq.
+ .PP
+ .SH "STARTING AN RSYNC DAEMON TO ACCEPT CONNECTIONS"
+
+@@ -339,11 +339,11 @@
+ daemon already running (or it needs to have configured something like inetd
+ to spawn an rsync daemon for incoming connections on a particular port).
+ For full information on how to start a daemon that will handling incoming
+-socket connections, see the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) man page \-\- that is the config
++socket connections, see the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) man page \(em that is the config
+ file for the daemon, and it contains the full details for how to run the
+-daemon (including stand\-alone and inetd configurations).
++daemon (including stand-alone and inetd configurations).
+ .PP
+-If you\(cq\&re using one of the remote\-shell transports for the transfer, there is
++If you're using one of the remote-shell transports for the transfer, there is
+ no need to manually start an rsync daemon.
+ .PP
+ .SH "EXAMPLES"
+@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@
+ .PP
+ Here are some examples of how I use rsync.
+ .PP
+-To backup my wife\(cq\&s home directory, which consists of large MS Word
++To backup my wife's home directory, which consists of large MS Word
+ files and mail folders, I use a cron job that runs
+ .PP
+ .RS
+@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
+
+ .PP
+ each night over a PPP connection to a duplicate directory on my machine
+-\(dq\&arvidsjaur\(dq\&.
++\(lqarvidsjaur\(rq.
+ .PP
+ To synchronize my samba source trees I use the following Makefile
+ targets:
+@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
+ .PP
+ .nf
+ get:
+- rsync \-avuzb \-\-exclude '\&*~'\& samba:samba/ .
++ rsync \-avuzb \-\-exclude '*~' samba:samba/ .
+ put:
+ rsync \-Cavuzb . samba:samba/
+ sync: get put
+@@ -376,12 +376,12 @@
+ .PP
+ this allows me to sync with a CVS directory at the other end of the
+ connection. I then do CVS operations on the remote machine, which saves a
+-lot of time as the remote CVS protocol isn\(cq\&t very efficient.
++lot of time as the remote CVS protocol isn't very efficient.
+ .PP
+-I mirror a directory between my \(dq\&old\(dq\& and \(dq\&new\(dq\& ftp sites with the
++I mirror a directory between my \(lqold\(rq and \(lqnew\(rq ftp sites with the
+ command:
+ .PP
+-\f(CWrsync \-az \-e ssh \-\-delete ~ftp/pub/samba nimbus:\(dq\&~ftp/pub/tridge\(dq\&\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-az \-e ssh \-\-delete ~ftp/pub/samba nimbus:"~ftp/pub/tridge"\fP
+ .PP
+ This is launched from cron every few hours.
+ .PP
+@@ -393,25 +393,25 @@
+ .nf
+
+ \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
+- \-q, \-\-quiet suppress non\-error messages
+- \-\-no\-motd suppress daemon\-mode MOTD (see caveat)
+- \-c, \-\-checksum skip based on checksum, not mod\-time & size
++ \-q, \-\-quiet suppress non-error messages
++ \-\-no\-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see caveat)
++ \-c, \-\-checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
+ \-a, \-\-archive archive mode; equals \-rlptgoD (no \-H,\-A,\-X)
+ \-\-no\-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. \-\-no\-D)
+ \-r, \-\-recursive recurse into directories
+ \-R, \-\-relative use relative path names
+- \-\-no\-implied\-dirs don'\&t send implied dirs with \-\-relative
++ \-\-no\-implied\-dirs don't send implied dirs with \-\-relative
+ \-b, \-\-backup make backups (see \-\-suffix & \-\-backup\-dir)
+ \-\-backup\-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
+ \-\-suffix=SUFFIX backup suffix (default ~ w/o \-\-backup\-dir)
+ \-u, \-\-update skip files that are newer on the receiver
+- \-\-inplace update destination files in\-place
++ \-\-inplace update destination files in-place
+ \-\-append append data onto shorter files
+ \-\-append\-verify \-\-append w/old data in file checksum
+ \-d, \-\-dirs transfer directories without recursing
+ \-l, \-\-links copy symlinks as symlinks
+ \-L, \-\-copy\-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
+- \-\-copy\-unsafe\-links only \(dq\&unsafe\(dq\& symlinks are transformed
++ \-\-copy\-unsafe\-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
+ \-\-safe\-links ignore symlinks that point outside the tree
+ \-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks transform symlink to dir into referent dir
+ \-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
+@@ -421,25 +421,25 @@
+ \-\-chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
+ \-A, \-\-acls preserve ACLs (implies \-p)
+ \-X, \-\-xattrs preserve extended attributes
+- \-o, \-\-owner preserve owner (super\-user only)
++ \-o, \-\-owner preserve owner (super-user only)
+ \-g, \-\-group preserve group
+- \-\-devices preserve device files (super\-user only)
++ \-\-devices preserve device files (super-user only)
+ \-\-specials preserve special files
+ \-D same as \-\-devices \-\-specials
+ \-t, \-\-times preserve modification times
+ \-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times omit directories from \-\-times
+- \-\-super receiver attempts super\-user activities
++ \-\-super receiver attempts super-user activities
+ \-\-fake\-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
+ \-S, \-\-sparse handle sparse files efficiently
+ \-n, \-\-dry\-run perform a trial run with no changes made
+- \-W, \-\-whole\-file copy files whole (w/o delta\-xfer algorithm)
+- \-x, \-\-one\-file\-system don'\&t cross filesystem boundaries
+- \-B, \-\-block\-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block\-size
++ \-W, \-\-whole\-file copy files whole (w/o delta-xfer algorithm)
++ \-x, \-\-one\-file\-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
++ \-B, \-\-block\-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
+ \-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
+ \-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on remote machine
+ \-\-existing skip creating new files on receiver
+ \-\-ignore\-existing skip updating files that exist on receiver
+- \-\-remove\-source\-files sender removes synchronized files (non\-dir)
++ \-\-remove\-source\-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dir)
+ \-\-del an alias for \-\-delete\-during
+ \-\-delete delete extraneous files from dest dirs
+ \-\-delete\-before receiver deletes before transfer (default)
+@@ -449,19 +449,19 @@
+ \-\-delete\-excluded also delete excluded files from dest dirs
+ \-\-ignore\-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
+ \-\-force force deletion of dirs even if not empty
+- \-\-max\-delete=NUM don'\&t delete more than NUM files
+- \-\-max\-size=SIZE don'\&t transfer any file larger than SIZE
+- \-\-min\-size=SIZE don'\&t transfer any file smaller than SIZE
++ \-\-max\-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
++ \-\-max\-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
++ \-\-min\-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
+ \-\-partial keep partially transferred files
+ \-\-partial\-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
+ \-\-delay\-updates put all updated files into place at end
+- \-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs prune empty directory chains from file\-list
+- \-\-numeric\-ids don'\&t map uid/gid values by user/group name
++ \-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs prune empty directory chains from file-list
++ \-\-numeric\-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
+ \-\-timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
+ \-\-contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
+- \-I, \-\-ignore\-times don'\&t skip files that match size and time
++ \-I, \-\-ignore\-times don't skip files that match size and time
+ \-\-size\-only skip files that match in size
+- \-\-modify\-window=NUM compare mod\-times with reduced accuracy
++ \-\-modify\-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
+ \-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
+ \-y, \-\-fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
+ \-\-compare\-dest=DIR also compare received files relative to DIR
+@@ -470,31 +470,31 @@
+ \-z, \-\-compress compress file data during the transfer
+ \-\-compress\-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
+ \-\-skip\-compress=LIST skip compressing files with suffix in LIST
+- \-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude auto\-ignore files in the same way CVS does
+- \-f, \-\-filter=RULE add a file\-filtering RULE
+- \-F same as \-\-filter='\&dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\&
+- repeated: \-\-filter='\&\- .rsync\-filter'\&
++ \-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude auto-ignore files in the same way CVS does
++ \-f, \-\-filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
++ \-F same as \-\-filter='dir-merge /.rsync\-filter'
++ repeated: \-\-filter='\- .rsync\-filter'
+ \-\-exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
+ \-\-exclude\-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
+- \-\-include=PATTERN don'\&t exclude files matching PATTERN
++ \-\-include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
+ \-\-include\-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
+- \-\-files\-from=FILE read list of source\-file names from FILE
++ \-\-files\-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
+ \-0, \-\-from0 all *from/filter files are delimited by 0s
+- \-s, \-\-protect\-args no space\-splitting; wildcard chars only
++ \-s, \-\-protect\-args no space-splitting; wildcard chars only
+ \-\-address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
+- \-\-port=PORT specify double\-colon alternate port number
++ \-\-port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
+ \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
+ \-\-blocking\-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
+- \-\-stats give some file\-transfer stats
+- \-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output leave high\-bit chars unescaped in output
+- \-h, \-\-human\-readable output numbers in a human\-readable format
++ \-\-stats give some file-transfer stats
++ \-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
++ \-h, \-\-human\-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
+ \-\-progress show progress during transfer
+ \-P same as \-\-partial \-\-progress
+- \-i, \-\-itemize\-changes output a change\-summary for all updates
++ \-i, \-\-itemize\-changes output a change-summary for all updates
+ \-\-out\-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
+- \-\-log\-file=FILE log what we'\&re doing to the specified FILE
++ \-\-log\-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
+ \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
+- \-\-password\-file=FILE read daemon\-access password from FILE
++ \-\-password\-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
+ \-\-list\-only list the files instead of copying them
+ \-\-bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
+ \-\-write\-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
+@@ -520,8 +520,8 @@
+ \-\-config=FILE specify alternate rsyncd.conf file
+ \-\-no\-detach do not detach from the parent
+ \-\-port=PORT listen on alternate port number
+- \-\-log\-file=FILE override the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting
+- \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT override the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting
++ \-\-log\-file=FILE override the "log file" setting
++ \-\-log\-file\-format=FMT override the "log format" setting
+ \-\-sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
+ \-v, \-\-verbose increase verbosity
+ \-4, \-\-ipv4 prefer IPv4
+@@ -536,12 +536,12 @@
+ rsync uses the GNU long options package. Many of the command line
+ options have two variants, one short and one long. These are shown
+ below, separated by commas. Some options only have a long variant.
+-The \(cq\&=\(cq\& for options that take a parameter is optional; whitespace
++The \(oq=\(cq for options that take a parameter is optional; whitespace
+ can be used instead.
+ .PP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-help\fP"
+ Print a short help page describing the options
+-available in rsync and exit. For backward\-compatibility with older
++available in rsync and exit. For backward-compatibility with older
+ versions of rsync, the help will also be output if you use the \fB\-h\fP
+ option without any other args.
+ .IP
+@@ -558,11 +558,11 @@
+ you are debugging rsync.
+ .IP
+ Note that the names of the transferred files that are output are done using
+-a default \fB\-\-out\-format\fP of \(dq\&%n%L\(dq\&, which tells you just the name of the
++a default \fB\-\-out\-format\fP of \(lq%n%L\(rq, which tells you just the name of the
+ file and, if the item is a link, where it points. At the single \fB\-v\fP
+ level of verbosity, this does not mention when a file gets its attributes
+ changed. If you ask for an itemized list of changed attributes (either
+-\fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP or adding \(dq\&%i\(dq\& to the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP setting), the
++\fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP or adding \(lq%i\(rq to the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP setting), the
+ output (on the client) increases to mention all items that are changed in
+ any way. See the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option for more details.
+ .IP
+@@ -575,8 +575,8 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-\-no\-motd\fP"
+ This option affects the information that is output
+ by the client at the start of a daemon transfer. This suppresses the
+-message\-of\-the\-day (MOTD) text, but it also affects the list of modules
+-that the daemon sends in response to the \(dq\&rsync host::\(dq\& request (due to
++message-of-the-day (MOTD) text, but it also affects the list of modules
++that the daemon sends in response to the \(lqrsync host::\(rq request (due to
+ a limitation in the rsync protocol), so omit this option if you want to
+ request the list of modules from the daemon.
+ .IP
+@@ -583,13 +583,13 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-I, \-\-ignore\-times\fP"
+ Normally rsync will skip any files that are
+ already the same size and have the same modification timestamp.
+-This option turns off this \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& behavior, causing all files to
++This option turns off this \(lqquick check\(rq behavior, causing all files to
+ be updated.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-size\-only\fP"
+-This modifies rsync\(cq\&s \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& algorithm for
++This modifies rsync's \(lqquick check\(rq algorithm for
+ finding files that need to be transferred, changing it from the default of
+-transferring files with either a changed size or a changed last\-modified
++transferring files with either a changed size or a changed last-modified
+ time to just looking for files that have changed in size. This is useful
+ when starting to use rsync after using another mirroring system which may
+ not preserve timestamps exactly.
+@@ -596,35 +596,35 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-modify\-window\fP"
+ When comparing two timestamps, rsync treats the
+-timestamps as being equal if they differ by no more than the modify\-window
++timestamps as being equal if they differ by no more than the modify-window
+ value. This is normally 0 (for an exact match), but you may find it useful
+ to set this to a larger value in some situations. In particular, when
+ transferring to or from an MS Windows FAT filesystem (which represents
+-times with a 2\-second resolution), \fB\-\-modify\-window=1\fP is useful
++times with a 2-second resolution), \fB\-\-modify\-window=1\fP is useful
+ (allowing times to differ by up to 1 second).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-c, \-\-checksum\fP"
+ This changes the way rsync checks if the files have
+ been changed and are in need of a transfer. Without this option, rsync
+-uses a \(dq\&quick check\(dq\& that (by default) checks if each file\(cq\&s size and time
++uses a \(lqquick check\(rq that (by default) checks if each file's size and time
+ of last modification match between the sender and receiver. This option
+-changes this to compare a 128\-bit checksum for each file that has a
++changes this to compare a 128-bit checksum for each file that has a
+ matching size. Generating the checksums means that both sides will expend
+ a lot of disk I/O reading all the data in the files in the transfer (and
+ this is prior to any reading that will be done to transfer changed files),
+ so this can slow things down significantly.
+ .IP
+-The sending side generates its checksums while it is doing the file\-system
++The sending side generates its checksums while it is doing the file-system
+ scan that builds the list of the available files. The receiver generates
+ its checksums when it is scanning for changed files, and will checksum any
+-file that has the same size as the corresponding sender\(cq\&s file: files with
++file that has the same size as the corresponding sender's file: files with
+ either a changed size or a changed checksum are selected for transfer.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync always verifies that each \fItransferred\fP file was
+-correctly reconstructed on the receiving side by checking a whole\-file
++correctly reconstructed on the receiving side by checking a whole-file
+ checksum that is generated as the file is transferred, but that
+-automatic after\-the\-transfer verification has nothing to do with this
+-option\(cq\&s before\-the\-transfer \(dq\&Does this file need to be updated?\(dq\& check.
++automatic after-the-transfer verification has nothing to do with this
++option's before-the-transfer \(lqDoes this file need to be updated?\(rq check.
+ .IP
+ For protocol 30 and beyond (first supported in 3.0.0), the checksum used is
+ MD5. For older protocols, the checksum used is MD4.
+@@ -637,25 +637,25 @@
+ specified, in which case \fB\-r\fP is not implied.
+ .IP
+ Note that \fB\-a\fP \fBdoes not preserve hardlinks\fP, because
+-finding multiply\-linked files is expensive. You must separately
++finding multiply-linked files is expensive. You must separately
+ specify \fB\-H\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\-\-no\-OPTION"
+ You may turn off one or more implied options by prefixing
+-the option name with \(dq\&no\-\(dq\&. Not all options may be prefixed with a \(dq\&no\-\(dq\&:
++the option name with \(lqno\-\(rq. Not all options may be prefixed with a \(lqno\-\(rq:
+ only options that are implied by other options (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-D\fP,
+ \fB\-\-no\-perms\fP) or have different defaults in various circumstances
+ (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-whole\-file\fP, \fB\-\-no\-blocking\-io\fP, \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP). You may
+-specify either the short or the long option name after the \(dq\&no\-\(dq\& prefix
++specify either the short or the long option name after the \(lqno\-\(rq prefix
+ (e.g. \fB\-\-no\-R\fP is the same as \fB\-\-no\-relative\fP).
+ .IP
+-For example: if you want to use \fB\-a\fP (\fB\-\-archive\fP) but don\(cq\&t want
++For example: if you want to use \fB\-a\fP (\fB\-\-archive\fP) but don't want
+ \fB\-o\fP (\fB\-\-owner\fP), instead of converting \fB\-a\fP into \fB\-rlptgD\fP, you
+ could specify \fB\-a \-\-no\-o\fP (or \fB\-a \-\-no\-owner\fP).
+ .IP
+ The order of the options is important: if you specify \fB\-\-no\-r \-a\fP, the
+ \fB\-r\fP option would end up being turned on, the opposite of \fB\-a \-\-no\-r\fP.
+-Note also that the side\-effects of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option are NOT
++Note also that the side-effects of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option are NOT
+ positional, as it affects the default state of several options and slightly
+ changes the meaning of \fB\-a\fP (see the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option for more
+ details).
+@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
+ incremental scan that uses much less memory than before and begins the
+ transfer after the scanning of the first few directories have been
+ completed. This incremental scan only affects our recursion algorithm, and
+-does not change a non\-recursive transfer. It is also only possible when
++does not change a non-recursive transfer. It is also only possible when
+ both ends of the transfer are at least version 3.0.0.
+ .IP
+ Some options require rsync to know the full file list, so these options
+@@ -705,16 +705,16 @@
+ .IP
+ then a file named /tmp/foo/bar/baz.c would be created on the remote
+ machine, preserving its full path. These extra path elements are called
+-\(dq\&implied directories\(dq\& (i.e. the \(dq\&foo\(dq\& and the \(dq\&foo/bar\(dq\& directories in the
++\(lqimplied directories\(rq (i.e. the \(lqfoo\(rq and the \(lqfoo/bar\(rq directories in the
+ above example).
+ .IP
+ Beginning with rsync 3.0.0, rsync always sends these implied directories as
+ real directories in the file list, even if a path element is really a
+ symlink on the sending side. This prevents some really unexpected
+-behaviors when copying the full path of a file that you didn\(cq\&t realize had
+-a symlink in its path. If you want to duplicate a server\-side symlink,
++behaviors when copying the full path of a file that you didn't realize had
++a symlink in its path. If you want to duplicate a server-side symlink,
+ include both the symlink via its path, and referent directory via its real
+-path. If you\(cq\&re dealing with an older rsync on the sending side, you may
++path. If you're dealing with an older rsync on the sending side, you may
+ need to use the \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP option.
+ .IP
+ It is also possible to limit the amount of path information that is sent as
+@@ -728,8 +728,8 @@
+
+ .IP
+ That would create /tmp/bar/baz.c on the remote machine. (Note that the
+-dot must be followed by a slash, so \(dq\&/foo/.\(dq\& would not be abbreviated.)
+-For older rsync versions, you would need to use a chdir to limit the
++dot must be followed by a slash, so \(lq/foo/.\(rq would not be abbreviated.)
++(2) For older rsync versions, you would need to use a chdir to limit the
+ source path. For example, when pushing files:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+@@ -737,13 +737,13 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-(Note that the parens put the two commands into a sub\-shell, so that the
+-\(dq\&cd\(dq\& command doesn\(cq\&t remain in effect for future commands.)
+-If you\(cq\&re pulling files from an older rsync, use this idiom (but only
+-for a non\-daemon transfer):
++(Note that the parens put the two commands into a sub-shell, so that the
++\(lqcd\(rq command doesn't remain in effect for future commands.)
++If you're pulling files from an older rsync, use this idiom (but only
++for a non-daemon transfer):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&cd /foo; rsync\(dq\& \e \fP
++\f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path="cd /foo; rsync" \e \fP
+ .br
+ \f(CW remote:bar/baz.c /tmp/\fP
+ .RE
+@@ -759,14 +759,14 @@
+ elements to have big differences, such as being a symlink to a directory on
+ the receiving side.
+ .IP
+-For instance, if a command\-line arg or a files\-from entry told rsync to
+-transfer the file \(dq\&path/foo/file\(dq\&, the directories \(dq\&path\(dq\& and \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\&
+-are implied when \fB\-\-relative\fP is used. If \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\& is a symlink to
+-\(dq\&bar\(dq\& on the destination system, the receiving rsync would ordinarily
+-delete \(dq\&path/foo\(dq\&, recreate it as a directory, and receive the file into
++For instance, if a command-line arg or a files-from entry told rsync to
++transfer the file \(lqpath/foo/file\(rq, the directories \(lqpath\(rq and \(lqpath/foo\(rq
++are implied when \fB\-\-relative\fP is used. If \(lqpath/foo\(rq is a symlink to
++\(lqbar\(rq on the destination system, the receiving rsync would ordinarily
++delete \(lqpath/foo\(rq, recreate it as a directory, and receive the file into
+ the new directory. With \fB\-\-no\-implied\-dirs\fP, the receiving rsync updates
+-\(dq\&path/foo/file\(dq\& using the existing path elements, which means that the file
+-ends up being created in \(dq\&path/bar\(dq\&. Another way to accomplish this link
++\(lqpath/foo/file\(rq using the existing path elements, which means that the file
++ends up being created in \(lqpath/bar\(rq. Another way to accomplish this link
+ preservation is to use the \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP option (which will also
+ affect symlinks to directories in the rest of the transfer).
+ .IP
+@@ -780,15 +780,15 @@
+ backup file goes and what (if any) suffix gets appended using the
+ \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-suffix\fP options.
+ .IP
+-Note that if you don\(cq\&t specify \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, (1) the
++Note that if you don't specify \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, (1) the
+ \fB\-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP option will be implied, and (2) if \fB\-\-delete\fP is
+-also in effect (without \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP), rsync will add a \(dq\&protect\(dq\&
+-filter\-rule for the backup suffix to the end of all your existing excludes
+-(e.g. \fB\-f \(dq\&P *~\(dq\&\fP). This will prevent previously backed\-up files from being
++also in effect (without \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP), rsync will add a \(lqprotect\(rq
++filter-rule for the backup suffix to the end of all your existing excludes
++(e.g. \fB\-f "P *~"\fP). This will prevent previously backed-up files from being
+ deleted. Note that if you are supplying your own filter rules, you may
+ need to manually insert your own exclude/protect rule somewhere higher up
+ in the list so that it has a high enough priority to be effective (e.g., if
+-your rules specify a trailing inclusion/exclusion of \(cq\&*\(cq\&, the auto\-added
++your rules specify a trailing inclusion/exclusion of \(oq*\(cq, the auto-added
+ rule would never be reached).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-backup\-dir=DIR\fP"
+@@ -799,22 +799,16 @@
+ (otherwise the files backed up in the specified directory
+ will keep their original filenames).
+ .IP
+-Note that if you specify a relative path, the backup directory will be
+-relative to the destination directory, so you probably want to specify
+-either an absolute path or a path that starts with \(dq\&../\(dq\&. If an rsync
+-daemon is the receiver, the backup dir cannot go outside the module\(cq\&s path
+-hierarchy, so take extra care not to delete it or copy into it.
+-.IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-suffix=SUFFIX\fP"
+ This option allows you to override the default
+ backup suffix used with the \fB\-\-backup\fP (\fB\-b\fP) option. The default suffix is a ~
+-if no \-\fB\-backup\-dir\fP was specified, otherwise it is an empty string.
++if no \-\fB\-backup-dir\fP was specified, otherwise it is an empty string.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-u, \-\-update\fP"
+ This forces rsync to skip any files which exist on
+ the destination and have a modified time that is newer than the source
+ file. (If an existing destination file has a modification time equal to the
+-source file\(cq\&s, it will be updated if the sizes are different.)
++source file's, it will be updated if the sizes are different.)
+ .IP
+ Note that this does not affect the copying of symlinks or other special
+ files. Also, a difference of file format between the sender and receiver
+@@ -823,52 +817,34 @@
+ where the destination has a file, the transfer would occur regardless of
+ the timestamps.
+ .IP
+-This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+-data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
++This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
++data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-inplace\fP"
+-This option changes how rsync transfers a file when
+-its data needs to be updated: instead of the default method of creating
++This option changes how rsync transfers a file when the
++file's data needs to be updated: instead of the default method of creating
+ a new copy of the file and moving it into place when it is complete, rsync
+ instead writes the updated data directly to the destination file.
+ .IP
+-This has several effects:
++This has several effects: (1) in-use binaries cannot be updated (either the
++OS will prevent this from happening, or binaries that attempt to swap-in
++their data will misbehave or crash), (2) the file's data will be in an
++inconsistent state during the transfer, (3) a file's data may be left in an
++inconsistent state after the transfer if the transfer is interrupted or if
++an update fails, (4) a file that does not have write permissions can not be
++updated, and (5) the efficiency of rsync's delta-transfer algorithm may be
++reduced if some data in the destination file is overwritten before it can
++be copied to a position later in the file (one exception to this is if you
++combine this option with \fB\-\-backup\fP, since rsync is smart enough to use
++the backup file as the basis file for the transfer).
+ .IP
+-.RS
+-.IP o
+-Hard links are not broken. This means the new data will be visible
+-through other hard links to the destination file. Moreover, attempts to
+-copy differing source files onto a multiply\-linked destination file will
+-result in a \(dq\&tug of war\(dq\& with the destination data changing back and forth.
+-.IP o
+-In\-use binaries cannot be updated (either the OS will prevent this from
+-happening, or binaries that attempt to swap\-in their data will misbehave or
+-crash).
+-.IP o
+-The file\(cq\&s data will be in an inconsistent state during the transfer
+-and will be left that way if the transfer is interrupted or if an update
+-fails.
+-.IP o
+-A file that rsync cannot write to cannot be updated. While a super user
+-can update any file, a normal user needs to be granted write permission for
+-the open of the file for writing to be successful.
+-.IP o
+-The efficiency of rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm may be reduced if
+-some data in the destination file is overwritten before it can be copied to
+-a position later in the file. This does not apply if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP,
+-since rsync is smart enough to use the backup file as the basis file for the
+-transfer.
+-.RE
+-
+-.IP
+ WARNING: you should not use this option to update files that are being
+ accessed by others, so be careful when choosing to use this for a copy.
+ .IP
+-This option is useful for transferring large files with block\-based changes
++This option is useful for transfer of large files with block-based changes
+ or appended data, and also on systems that are disk bound, not network
+-bound. It can also help keep a copy\-on\-write filesystem snapshot from
+-diverging the entire contents of a file that only has minor changes.
++bound.
+ .IP
+ The option implies \fB\-\-partial\fP (since an interrupted transfer does not delete
+ the file), but conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP and \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP.
+@@ -881,18 +857,18 @@
+ the receiving side is identical with the start of the file on the sending
+ side. If a file needs to be transferred and its size on the receiver is
+ the same or longer than the size on the sender, the file is skipped. This
+-does not interfere with the updating of a file\(cq\&s non\-content attributes
++does not interfere with the updating of a file's non-content attributes
+ (e.g. permissions, ownership, etc.) when the file does not need to be
+-transferred, nor does it affect the updating of any non\-regular files.
++transferred, nor does it affect the updating of any non-regular files.
+ Implies \fB\-\-inplace\fP,
+ but does not conflict with \fB\-\-sparse\fP (since it is always extending a
+-file\(cq\&s length).
++file's length).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-append\-verify\fP"
+ This works just like the \fB\-\-append\fP option, but
+-the existing data on the receiving side is included in the full\-file
++the existing data on the receiving side is included in the full-file
+ checksum verification step, which will cause a file to be resent if the
+-final verification step fails (rsync uses a normal, non\-appending
++final verification step fails (rsync uses a normal, non-appending
+ \fB\-\-inplace\fP transfer for the resend).
+ .IP
+ Note: prior to rsync 3.0.0, the \fB\-\-append\fP option worked like
+@@ -902,9 +878,9 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-d, \-\-dirs\fP"
+ Tell the sending side to include any directories that
+-are encountered. Unlike \fB\-\-recursive\fP, a directory\(cq\&s contents are not copied
+-unless the directory name specified is \(dq\&.\(dq\& or ends with a trailing slash
+-(e.g. \(dq\&.\(dq\&, \(dq\&dir/.\(dq\&, \(dq\&dir/\(dq\&, etc.). Without this option or the
++are encountered. Unlike \fB\-\-recursive\fP, a directory's contents are not copied
++unless the directory name specified is \(lq.\(rq or ends with a trailing slash
++(e.g. \(lq.\(rq, \(lqdir/.\(rq, \(lqdir/\(rq, etc.). Without this option or the
+ \fB\-\-recursive\fP option, rsync will skip all directories it encounters (and
+ output a message to that effect for each one). If you specify both
+ \fB\-\-dirs\fP and \fB\-\-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-recursive\fP takes precedence.
+@@ -911,12 +887,12 @@
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-dirs\fP option is implied by the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option
+ or the \fB\-\-list\-only\fP option (including an implied
+-\fB\-\-list\-only\fP usage) if \fB\-\-recursive\fP wasn\(cq\&t specified (so that
++\fB\-\-list\-only\fP usage) if \fB\-\-recursive\fP wasn't specified (so that
+ directories are seen in the listing). Specify \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP (or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP)
+ if you want to turn this off.
+ .IP
+-There is also a backward\-compatibility helper option, \fB\-\-old\-dirs\fP (or
+-\fB\-\-old\-d\fP) that tells rsync to use a hack of \(dq\&\-r \-\-exclude=\(cq\&/*/*\(cq\&\(dq\& to get
++There is also a backward-compatibility helper option, \fB\-\-old\-dirs\fP (or
++\fB\-\-old\-d\fP) that tells rsync to use a hack of \(lq\-r \-\-exclude='/*/*'\(rq to get
+ an older rsync to list a single directory without recursing.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-l, \-\-links\fP"
+@@ -926,12 +902,12 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-L, \-\-copy\-links\fP"
+ When symlinks are encountered, the item that
+ they point to (the referent) is copied, rather than the symlink. In older
+-versions of rsync, this option also had the side\-effect of telling the
++versions of rsync, this option also had the side-effect of telling the
+ receiving side to follow symlinks, such as symlinks to directories. In a
+-modern rsync such as this one, you\(cq\&ll need to specify \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP (\fB\-K\fP)
++modern rsync such as this one, you'll need to specify \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP (\fB\-K\fP)
+ to get this extra behavior. The only exception is when sending files to
+-an rsync that is too old to understand \fB\-K\fP \-\- in that case, the \fB\-L\fP option
+-will still have the side\-effect of \fB\-K\fP on that older receiving rsync.
++an rsync that is too old to understand \fB\-K\fP \(em in that case, the \fB\-L\fP option
++will still have the side-effect of \fB\-K\fP on that older receiving rsync.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP"
+ This tells rsync to copy the referent of
+@@ -949,7 +925,7 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-k, \-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP"
+ This option causes the sending side to treat
+ a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory. This is
+-useful if you don\(cq\&t want symlinks to non\-directories to be affected, as
++useful if you don't want symlinks to non-directories to be affected, as
+ they would be using \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP.
+ .IP
+ Without this option, if the sending side has replaced a directory with a
+@@ -960,32 +936,18 @@
+ See also \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the receiving
+ side.
+ .IP
+-\fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP applies to all symlinks to directories in the source. If
+-you want to follow only a few specified symlinks, a trick you can use is to
+-pass them as additional source args with a trailing slash, using \fB\-\-relative\fP
+-to make the paths match up right. For example:
+-.IP
+-.RS
+-\f(CWrsync \-r \-\-relative src/./ src/./follow\-me/ dest/\fP
+-.RE
+-
+-.IP
+-This works because rsync calls \fBlstat\fP(2) on the source arg as given, and the
+-trailing slash makes \fBlstat\fP(2) follow the symlink, giving rise to a directory
+-in the file\-list which overrides the symlink found during the scan of \(dq\&src/./\(dq\&.
+-.IP
+ .IP "\fB\-K, \-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP"
+ This option causes the receiving side to treat
+ a symlink to a directory as though it were a real directory, but only if it
+ matches a real directory from the sender. Without this option, the
+-receiver\(cq\&s symlink would be deleted and replaced with a real directory.
++receiver's symlink would be deleted and replaced with a real directory.
+ .IP
+-For example, suppose you transfer a directory \(dq\&foo\(dq\& that contains a file
+-\(dq\&file\(dq\&, but \(dq\&foo\(dq\& is a symlink to directory \(dq\&bar\(dq\& on the receiver. Without
+-\fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver deletes symlink \(dq\&foo\(dq\&, recreates it as a
++For example, suppose you transfer a directory \(lqfoo\(rq that contains a file
++\(lqfile\(rq, but \(lqfoo\(rq is a symlink to directory \(lqbar\(rq on the receiver. Without
++\fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver deletes symlink \(lqfoo\(rq, recreates it as a
+ directory, and receives the file into the new directory. With
+-\fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver keeps the symlink and \(dq\&file\(dq\& ends up in
+-\(dq\&bar\(dq\&.
++\fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, the receiver keeps the symlink and \(lqfile\(rq ends up in
++\(lqbar\(rq.
+ .IP
+ One note of caution: if you use \fB\-\-keep\-dirlinks\fP, you must trust all
+ the symlinks in the copy! If it is possible for an untrusted user to
+@@ -998,32 +960,21 @@
+ See also \fB\-\-copy\-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the sending side.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-H, \-\-hard\-links\fP"
+-This tells rsync to look for hard\-linked files in
+-the source and link together the corresponding files on the destination.
+-Without this option, hard\-linked files in the source are treated
++This tells rsync to look for hard-linked files in
++the transfer and link together the corresponding files on the receiving
++side. Without this option, hard-linked files in the transfer are treated
+ as though they were separate files.
+ .IP
+-This option does NOT necessarily ensure that the pattern of hard links on the
+-destination exactly matches that on the source. Cases in which the
+-destination may end up with extra hard links include the following:
++When you are updating a non-empty destination, this option only ensures
++that files that are hard-linked together on the source are hard-linked
++together on the destination. It does NOT currently endeavor to break
++already existing hard links on the destination that do not exist between
++the source files. Note, however, that if one or more extra-linked files
++have content changes, they will become unlinked when updated (assuming you
++are not using the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option).
+ .IP
+-.RS
+-.IP o
+-If the destination contains extraneous hard\-links (more linking than
+-what is present in the source file list), the copying algorithm will not
+-break them explicitly. However, if one or more of the paths have content
+-differences, the normal file\-update process will break those extra links
+-(unless you are using the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option).
+-.IP o
+-If you specify a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directory that contains hard links,
+-the linking of the destination files against the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP files can
+-cause some paths in the destination to become linked together due to the
+-\fB\-\-link\-dest\fP associations.
+-.RE
+-
+-.IP
+ Note that rsync can only detect hard links between files that are inside
+-the transfer set. If rsync updates a file that has extra hard\-link
++the transfer set. If rsync updates a file that has extra hard-link
+ connections to files outside the transfer, that linkage will be broken. If
+ you are tempted to use the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option to avoid this breakage, be
+ very careful that you know how your files are being updated so that you are
+@@ -1031,12 +982,9 @@
+ see the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option for more caveats).
+ .IP
+ If incremental recursion is active (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP), rsync may transfer
+-a missing hard\-linked file before it finds that another link for that contents
++a missing hard-linked file before it finds that another link for that contents
+ exists elsewhere in the hierarchy. This does not affect the accuracy of
+-the transfer (i.e. which files are hard\-linked together), just its efficiency
+-(i.e. copying the data for a new, early copy of a hard\-linked file that could
+-have been found later in the transfer in another member of the hard\-linked
+-set of files). One way to avoid this inefficiency is to disable
++the transfer, just its efficiency. One way to avoid this is to disable
+ incremental recursion using the \fB\-\-no\-inc\-recursive\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-p, \-\-perms\fP"
+@@ -1053,10 +1001,10 @@
+ permissions, though the \fB\-\-executability\fP option might change just
+ the execute permission for the file.
+ .IP o
+-New files get their \(dq\&normal\(dq\& permission bits set to the source
+-file\(cq\&s permissions masked with the receiving directory\(cq\&s default
+-permissions (either the receiving process\(cq\&s umask, or the permissions
+-specified via the destination directory\(cq\&s default ACL), and
++New files get their \(lqnormal\(rq permission bits set to the source
++file's permissions masked with the receiving directory's default
++permissions (either the receiving process's umask, or the permissions
++specified via the destination directory's default ACL), and
+ their special permission bits disabled except in the case where a new
+ directory inherits a setgid bit from its parent directory.
+ .RE
+@@ -1063,14 +1011,14 @@
+
+ .IP
+ Thus, when \fB\-\-perms\fP and \fB\-\-executability\fP are both disabled,
+-rsync\(cq\&s behavior is the same as that of other file\-copy utilities,
++rsync's behavior is the same as that of other file-copy utilities,
+ such as \fBcp\fP(1) and \fBtar\fP(1).
+ .IP
+ In summary: to give destination files (both old and new) the source
+-permissions, use \fB\-\-perms\fP. To give new files the destination\-default
++permissions, use \fB\-\-perms\fP. To give new files the destination-default
+ permissions (while leaving existing files unchanged), make sure that the
+ \fB\-\-perms\fP option is off and use \fB\-\-chmod=ugo=rwX\fP (which ensures that
+-all non\-masked bits get enabled). If you\(cq\&d care to make this latter
++all non-masked bits get enabled). If you'd care to make this latter
+ behavior easier to type, you could define a popt alias for it, such as
+ putting this line in the file ~/.popt (the following defines the \fB\-Z\fP option,
+ and includes \-\-no\-g to use the default group of the destination dir):
+@@ -1087,34 +1035,34 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-(Caveat: make sure that \fB\-a\fP does not follow \fB\-Z\fP, or it will re\-enable
+-the two \(dq\&\-\-no\-*\(dq\& options mentioned above.)
++(Caveat: make sure that \fB\-a\fP does not follow \fB\-Z\fP, or it will re-enable
++the two \(lq\-\-no\-*\(rq options mentioned above.)
+ .IP
+-The preservation of the destination\(cq\&s setgid bit on newly\-created
++The preservation of the destination's setgid bit on newly-created
+ directories when \fB\-\-perms\fP is off was added in rsync 2.6.7. Older rsync
+ versions erroneously preserved the three special permission bits for
+-newly\-created files when \fB\-\-perms\fP was off, while overriding the
+-destination\(cq\&s setgid bit setting on a newly\-created directory. Default ACL
++newly-created files when \fB\-\-perms\fP was off, while overriding the
++destination's setgid bit setting on a newly-created directory. Default ACL
+ observance was added to the ACL patch for rsync 2.6.7, so older (or
+-non\-ACL\-enabled) rsyncs use the umask even if default ACLs are present.
++non-ACL-enabled) rsyncs use the umask even if default ACLs are present.
+ (Keep in mind that it is the version of the receiving rsync that affects
+ these behaviors.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-E, \-\-executability\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to preserve the
+-executability (or non\-executability) of regular files when \fB\-\-perms\fP is
++executability (or non-executability) of regular files when \fB\-\-perms\fP is
+ not enabled. A regular file is considered to be executable if at least one
+-\(cq\&x\(cq\& is turned on in its permissions. When an existing destination file\(cq\&s
++\(oqx\(cq is turned on in its permissions. When an existing destination file's
+ executability differs from that of the corresponding source file, rsync
+-modifies the destination file\(cq\&s permissions as follows:
++modifies the destination file's permissions as follows:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+-To make a file non\-executable, rsync turns off all its \(cq\&x\(cq\&
++To make a file non-executable, rsync turns off all its \(oqx\(cq
+ permissions.
+ .IP o
+-To make a file executable, rsync turns on each \(cq\&x\(cq\& permission that
+-has a corresponding \(cq\&r\(cq\& permission enabled.
++To make a file executable, rsync turns on each \(oqx\(cq permission that
++has a corresponding \(oqr\(cq permission enabled.
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+@@ -1130,35 +1078,28 @@
+ and restore ACLs that are not compatible.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-X, \-\-xattrs\fP"
+-This option causes rsync to update the destination
+-extended attributes to be the same as the source ones.
++This option causes rsync to update the remote
++extended attributes to be the same as the local ones.
+ .IP
+-For systems that support extended\-attribute namespaces, a copy being done by a
+-super\-user copies all namespaces except system.*. A normal user only copies
+-the user.* namespace. To be able to backup and restore non\-user namespaces as
++For systems that support extended-attribute namespaces, a copy being done by a
++super-user copies all namespaces except system.*. A normal user only copies
++the user.* namespace. To be able to backup and restore non-user namespaces as
+ a normal user, see the \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option.
+ .IP
+-Note that this option does not copy rsyncs special xattr values (e.g. those
+-used by \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP) unless you repeat the option (e.g. \-XX). This
+-\(dq\© all xattrs\(dq\& mode cannot be used with \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP.
+-.IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-chmod\fP"
+ This option tells rsync to apply one or more
+-comma\-separated \(dq\&chmod\(dq\& strings to the permission of the files in the
+-transfer. The resulting value is treated as though it were the permissions
++comma-separated \(lqchmod\(rq strings to the permission of the files in the
++transfer. The resulting value is treated as though it was the permissions
+ that the sending side supplied for the file, which means that this option
+ can seem to have no effect on existing files if \fB\-\-perms\fP is not enabled.
+ .IP
+ In addition to the normal parsing rules specified in the \fBchmod\fP(1)
+ manpage, you can specify an item that should only apply to a directory by
+-prefixing it with a \(cq\&D\(cq\&, or specify an item that should only apply to a
+-file by prefixing it with a \(cq\&F\(cq\&. For example, the following will ensure
+-that all directories get marked set\-gid, that no files are other\-writable,
+-that both are user\-writable and group\-writable, and that both have
+-consistent executability across all bits:
++prefixing it with a \(oqD\(cq, or specify an item that should only apply to a
++file by prefixing it with a \(oqF\(cq. For example:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\-\-chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,Fo\-w,+X
++\-\-chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,Fo-w,+X
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+@@ -1171,7 +1112,7 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-o, \-\-owner\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to set the owner of the
+ destination file to be the same as the source file, but only if the
+-receiving rsync is being run as the super\-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP
++receiving rsync is being run as the super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP
+ and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
+ Without this option, the owner of new and/or transferred files are set to
+ the invoking user on the receiving side.
+@@ -1183,7 +1124,7 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-g, \-\-group\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to set the group of the
+ destination file to be the same as the source file. If the receiving
+-program is not running as the super\-user (or if \fB\-\-no\-super\fP was
++program is not running as the super-user (or if \fB\-\-no\-super\fP was
+ specified), only groups that the invoking user on the receiving side
+ is a member of will be preserved.
+ Without this option, the group is set to the default group of the invoking
+@@ -1197,7 +1138,7 @@
+ This option causes rsync to transfer character and
+ block device files to the remote system to recreate these devices.
+ This option has no effect if the receiving rsync is not run as the
+-super\-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
++super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP options).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-specials\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to transfer special files
+@@ -1212,8 +1153,8 @@
+ option is not used, the optimization that excludes files that have not been
+ modified cannot be effective; in other words, a missing \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-a\fP will
+ cause the next transfer to behave as if it used \fB\-I\fP, causing all files to be
+-updated (though rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm will make the update fairly efficient
+-if the files haven\(cq\&t actually changed, you\(cq\&re much better off using \fB\-t\fP).
++updated (though rsync's delta-transfer algorithm will make the update fairly efficient
++if the files haven't actually changed, you're much better off using \fB\-t\fP).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-O, \-\-omit\-dir\-times\fP"
+ This tells rsync to omit directories when
+@@ -1222,58 +1163,62 @@
+ This option is inferred if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP without \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-super\fP"
+-This tells the receiving side to attempt super\-user
+-activities even if the receiving rsync wasn\(cq\&t run by the super\-user. These
++This tells the receiving side to attempt super-user
++activities even if the receiving rsync wasn't run by the super-user. These
+ activities include: preserving users via the \fB\-\-owner\fP option, preserving
+-all groups (not just the current user\(cq\&s groups) via the \fB\-\-groups\fP
++all groups (not just the current user's groups) via the \fB\-\-groups\fP
+ option, and copying devices via the \fB\-\-devices\fP option. This is useful
+-for systems that allow such activities without being the super\-user, and
+-also for ensuring that you will get errors if the receiving side isn\(cq\&t
+-being run as the super\-user. To turn off super\-user activities, the
+-super\-user can use \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
++for systems that allow such activities without being the super-user, and
++also for ensuring that you will get errors if the receiving side isn't
++being run as the super-user. To turn off super-user activities, the
++super-user can use \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-fake\-super\fP"
+ When this option is enabled, rsync simulates
+-super\-user activities by saving/restoring the privileged attributes via
++super-user activities by saving/restoring the privileged attributes via
+ special extended attributes that are attached to each file (as needed). This
+-includes the file\(cq\&s owner and group (if it is not the default), the file\(cq\&s
++includes the file's owner and group (if it is not the default), the file's
+ device info (device & special files are created as empty text files), and
+-any permission bits that we won\(cq\&t allow to be set on the real file (e.g.
+-the real file gets u\-s,g\-s,o\-t for safety) or that would limit the owner\(cq\&s
+-access (since the real super\-user can always access/change a file, the
++any permission bits that we won't allow to be set on the real file (e.g.
++the real file gets u-s,g-s,o-t for safety) or that would limit the owner's
++access (since the real super-user can always access/change a file, the
+ files we create can always be accessed/changed by the creating user).
+-This option also handles ACLs (if \fB\-\-acls\fP was specified) and non\-user
++This option also handles ACLs (if \fB\-\-acls\fP was specified) and non-user
+ extended attributes (if \fB\-\-xattrs\fP was specified).
+ .IP
+-This is a good way to backup data without using a super\-user, and to store
++This is a good way to backup data without using a super-user, and to store
+ ACLs from incompatible systems.
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP option only affects the side where the option is used.
+-To affect the remote side of a remote\-shell connection, specify an rsync
++To affect the remote side of a remote-shell connection, specify an rsync
+ path:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\f(CW rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&rsync \-\-fake\-super\(dq\& /src/ host:/dest/\fP
++\f(CW rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path="rsync \-\-fake\-super" /src/ host:/dest/\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-Since there is only one \(dq\&side\(dq\& in a local copy, this option affects both
+-the sending and receiving of files. You\(cq\&ll need to specify a copy using
+-\(dq\&localhost\(dq\& if you need to avoid this, possibly using the \(dq\&lsh\(dq\& shell
++Since there is only one \(lqside\(rq in a local copy, this option affects both
++the sending and receiving of files. You'll need to specify a copy using
++\(lqlocalhost\(rq if you need to avoid this, possibly using the \(lqlsh\(rq shell
+ script (from the support directory) as a substitute for an actual remote
+ shell (see \fB\-\-rsh\fP).
+ .IP
+ This option is overridden by both \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-no\-super\fP.
+ .IP
+-See also the \(dq\&fake super\(dq\& setting in the daemon\(cq\&s rsyncd.conf file.
++See also the \(lqfake super\(rq setting in the daemon's rsyncd.conf file.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-S, \-\-sparse\fP"
+ Try to handle sparse files efficiently so they take
+-up less space on the destination. Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP because it\(cq\&s
++up less space on the destination. Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP because it's
+ not possible to overwrite data in a sparse fashion.
+ .IP
++NOTE: Don't use this option when the destination is a Solaris \(lqtmpfs\(rq
++filesystem. It doesn't seem to handle seeks over null regions
++correctly and ends up corrupting the files.
++.IP
+ .IP "\fB\-n, \-\-dry\-run\fP"
+-This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn\(cq\&t
++This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn't
+ make any changes (and produces mostly the same output as a real run). It
+ is most commonly used in combination with the \fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP and/or
+ \fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP options to see what an rsync command is going
+@@ -1281,39 +1226,38 @@
+ .IP
+ The output of \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP is supposed to be exactly the same on a
+ dry run and a subsequent real run (barring intentional trickery and system
+-call failures); if it isn\(cq\&t, that\(cq\&s a bug. Other output should be mostly
+-unchanged, but may differ in some areas. Notably, a dry run does not
++call failures); if it isn't, that's a bug. Other output is the same to the
++extent practical, but may differ in some areas. Notably, a dry run does not
+ send the actual data for file transfers, so \fB\-\-progress\fP has no effect,
+-the \(dq\&bytes sent\(dq\&, \(dq\&bytes received\(dq\&, \(dq\&literal data\(dq\&, and \(dq\&matched data\(dq\&
+-statistics are too small, and the \(dq\&speedup\(dq\& value is equivalent to a run
+-where no file transfers were needed.
++the \(lqbytes sent\(rq, \(lqbytes received\(rq, \(lqliteral data\(rq, and \(lqmatched data\(rq
++statistics are too small, and the \(lqspeedup\(rq value is equivalent to a run
++where no file transfers are needed.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-W, \-\-whole\-file\fP"
+-With this option rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm
+-is not used and the whole file is sent as\-is instead. The transfer may be
++With this option rsync's delta-transfer algorithm
++is not used and the whole file is sent as-is instead. The transfer may be
+ faster if this option is used when the bandwidth between the source and
+ destination machines is higher than the bandwidth to disk (especially when the
+-\(dq\&disk\(dq\& is actually a networked filesystem). This is the default when both
+-the source and destination are specified as local paths, but only if no
+-batch\-writing option is in effect.
++\(lqdisk\(rq is actually a networked filesystem). This is the default when both
++the source and destination are specified as local paths.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-x, \-\-one\-file\-system\fP"
+ This tells rsync to avoid crossing a
+-filesystem boundary when recursing. This does not limit the user\(cq\&s ability
+-to specify items to copy from multiple filesystems, just rsync\(cq\&s recursion
++filesystem boundary when recursing. This does not limit the user's ability
++to specify items to copy from multiple filesystems, just rsync's recursion
+ through the hierarchy of each directory that the user specified, and also
+ the analogous recursion on the receiving side during deletion. Also keep
+-in mind that rsync treats a \(dq\&bind\(dq\& mount to the same device as being on the
++in mind that rsync treats a \(lqbind\(rq mount to the same device as being on the
+ same filesystem.
+ .IP
+-If this option is repeated, rsync omits all mount\-point directories from
+-the copy. Otherwise, it includes an empty directory at each mount\-point it
++If this option is repeated, rsync omits all mount-point directories from
++the copy. Otherwise, it includes an empty directory at each mount-point it
+ encounters (using the attributes of the mounted directory because those of
+-the underlying mount\-point directory are inaccessible).
++the underlying mount-point directory are inaccessible).
+ .IP
+ If rsync has been told to collapse symlinks (via \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP or
+ \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP), a symlink to a directory on another device is
+-treated like a mount\-point. Symlinks to non\-directories are unaffected
++treated like a mount-point. Symlinks to non-directories are unaffected
+ by this option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-existing, \-\-ignore\-non\-existing\fP"
+@@ -1323,8 +1267,8 @@
+ combined with the \fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP option, no files will be updated
+ (which can be useful if all you want to do is delete extraneous files).
+ .IP
+-This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+-data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
++This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
++data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-existing\fP"
+@@ -1332,8 +1276,8 @@
+ already exist on the destination (this does \fInot\fP ignore existing
+ directories, or nothing would get done). See also \fB\-\-existing\fP.
+ .IP
+-This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+-data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
++This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
++data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+ This option can be useful for those doing backups using the \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP
+@@ -1340,23 +1284,23 @@
+ option when they need to continue a backup run that got interrupted. Since
+ a \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP run is copied into a new directory hierarchy (when it is
+ used properly), using \fB\-\-ignore existing\fP will ensure that the
+-already\-handled files don\(cq\&t get tweaked (which avoids a change in
+-permissions on the hard\-linked files). This does mean that this option
++already-handled files don't get tweaked (which avoids a change in
++permissions on the hard-linked files). This does mean that this option
+ is only looking at the existing files in the destination hierarchy itself.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP"
+ This tells rsync to remove from the sending
+-side the files (meaning non\-directories) that are a part of the transfer
++side the files (meaning non-directories) that are a part of the transfer
+ and have been successfully duplicated on the receiving side.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\fP"
+ This tells rsync to delete extraneous files from the
+-receiving side (ones that aren\(cq\&t on the sending side), but only for the
++receiving side (ones that aren't on the sending side), but only for the
+ directories that are being synchronized. You must have asked rsync to
+-send the whole directory (e.g. \(dq\&dir\(dq\& or \(dq\&dir/\(dq\&) without using a wildcard
+-for the directory\(cq\&s contents (e.g. \(dq\&dir/*\(dq\&) since the wildcard is expanded
++send the whole directory (e.g. \(lqdir\(rq or \(lqdir/\(rq) without using a wildcard
++for the directory's contents (e.g. \(lqdir/*\(rq) since the wildcard is expanded
+ by the shell and rsync thus gets a request to transfer individual files, not
+-the files\(cq\& parent directory. Files that are excluded from the transfer are
++the files' parent directory. Files that are excluded from the transfer are
+ also excluded from being deleted unless you use the \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP
+ option or mark the rules as only matching on the sending side (see the
+ include/exclude modifiers in the FILTER RULES section).
+@@ -1372,7 +1316,7 @@
+ If the sending side detects any I/O errors, then the deletion of any
+ files at the destination will be automatically disabled. This is to
+ prevent temporary filesystem failures (such as NFS errors) on the
+-sending side from causing a massive deletion of files on the
++sending side causing a massive deletion of files on the
+ destination. You can override this with the \fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP option.
+ .IP
+ The \fB\-\-delete\fP option may be combined with one of the \-\-delete\-WHEN options
+@@ -1383,29 +1327,29 @@
+ \fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP and \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-before\fP"
+-Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
++Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
+ side be done before the transfer starts.
+-See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
++See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ Deleting before the transfer is helpful if the filesystem is tight for space
+ and removing extraneous files would help to make the transfer possible.
+ However, it does introduce a delay before the start of the transfer,
+ and this delay might cause the transfer to timeout (if \fB\-\-timeout\fP was
+-specified). It also forces rsync to use the old, non\-incremental recursion
++specified). It also forces rsync to use the old, non-incremental recursion
+ algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the transfer into
+ memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-during, \-\-del\fP"
+-Request that the file\-deletions on the
++Request that the file-deletions on the
+ receiving side be done incrementally as the transfer happens. The
+-per\-directory delete scan is done right before each directory is checked
++per-directory delete scan is done right before each directory is checked
+ for updates, so it behaves like a more efficient \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP,
+-including doing the deletions prior to any per\-directory filter files
++including doing the deletions prior to any per-directory filter files
+ being updated. This option was first added in rsync version 2.6.4.
+-See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
++See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-delay\fP"
+-Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
++Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
+ side be computed during the transfer (like \fB\-\-delete\-during\fP), and then
+ removed after the transfer completes. This is useful when combined with
+ \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP and/or \fB\-\-fuzzy\fP, and is more efficient than using
+@@ -1413,21 +1357,21 @@
+ computes the deletions in a separate pass after all updates are done).
+ If the number of removed files overflows an internal buffer, a
+ temporary file will be created on the receiving side to hold the names (it
+-is removed while open, so you shouldn\(cq\&t see it during the transfer). If
++is removed while open, so you shouldn't see it during the transfer). If
+ the creation of the temporary file fails, rsync will try to fall back to
+ using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP (which it cannot do if \fB\-\-recursive\fP is doing an
+ incremental scan).
+-See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
++See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-after\fP"
+-Request that the file\-deletions on the receiving
++Request that the file-deletions on the receiving
+ side be done after the transfer has completed. This is useful if you
+-are sending new per\-directory merge files as a part of the transfer and
++are sending new per-directory merge files as a part of the transfer and
+ you want their exclusions to take effect for the delete phase of the
+-current transfer. It also forces rsync to use the old, non\-incremental
++current transfer. It also forces rsync to use the old, non-incremental
+ recursion algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the files in the
+ transfer into memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
+-See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
++See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP"
+ In addition to deleting the files on the
+@@ -1436,7 +1380,7 @@
+ See the FILTER RULES section for a way to make individual exclusions behave
+ this way on the receiver, and for a way to protect files from
+ \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP.
+-See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file\-deletion.
++See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-errors\fP"
+ Tells \fB\-\-delete\fP to go ahead and delete files
+@@ -1443,12 +1387,12 @@
+ even when there are I/O errors.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-force\fP"
+-This option tells rsync to delete a non\-empty directory
+-when it is to be replaced by a non\-directory. This is only relevant if
++This option tells rsync to delete a non-empty directory
++when it is to be replaced by a non-directory. This is only relevant if
+ deletions are not active (see \fB\-\-delete\fP for details).
+ .IP
+ Note for older rsync versions: \fB\-\-force\fP used to still be required when
+-using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP, and it used to be non\-functional unless the
++using \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP, and it used to be non-functional unless the
+ \fB\-\-recursive\fP option was also enabled.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-max\-delete=NUM\fP"
+@@ -1458,27 +1402,27 @@
+ .IP
+ Also new for version 3.0.0, you may specify \fB\-\-max\-delete=0\fP to be warned
+ about any extraneous files in the destination without removing any of them.
+-Older clients interpreted this as \(dq\&unlimited\(dq\&, so if you don\(cq\&t know what
++Older clients interpreted this as \(lqunlimited\(rq, so if you don't know what
+ version the client is, you can use the less obvious \fB\-\-max\-delete=\-1\fP as
+-a backward\-compatible way to specify that no deletions be allowed (though
+-older versions didn\(cq\&t warn when the limit was exceeded).
++a backward-compatible way to specify that no deletions be allowed (though
++older versions didn't warn when the limit was exceeded).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-max\-size=SIZE\fP"
+ This tells rsync to avoid transferring any
+ file that is larger than the specified SIZE. The SIZE value can be
+ suffixed with a string to indicate a size multiplier, and
+-may be a fractional value (e.g. \(dq\&\fB\-\-max\-size=1.5m\fP\(dq\&).
++may be a fractional value (e.g. \(lq\fB\-\-max\-size=1.5m\fP\(rq).
+ .IP
+-This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn\(cq\&t affect the
+-data that goes into the file\-lists, and thus it doesn\(cq\&t affect deletions.
++This option is a transfer rule, not an exclude, so it doesn't affect the
++data that goes into the file-lists, and thus it doesn't affect deletions.
+ It just limits the files that the receiver requests to be transferred.
+ .IP
+-The suffixes are as follows: \(dq\&K\(dq\& (or \(dq\&KiB\(dq\&) is a kibibyte (1024),
+-\(dq\&M\(dq\& (or \(dq\&MiB\(dq\&) is a mebibyte (1024*1024), and \(dq\&G\(dq\& (or \(dq\&GiB\(dq\&) is a
++The suffixes are as follows: \(lqK\(rq (or \(lqKiB\(rq) is a kibibyte (1024),
++\(lqM\(rq (or \(lqMiB\(rq) is a mebibyte (1024*1024), and \(lqG\(rq (or \(lqGiB\(rq) is a
+ gibibyte (1024*1024*1024).
+-If you want the multiplier to be 1000 instead of 1024, use \(dq\&KB\(dq\&,
+-\(dq\&MB\(dq\&, or \(dq\&GB\(dq\&. (Note: lower\-case is also accepted for all values.)
+-Finally, if the suffix ends in either \(dq\&+1\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-1\(dq\&, the value will
++If you want the multiplier to be 1000 instead of 1024, use \(lqKB\(rq,
++\(lqMB\(rq, or \(lqGB\(rq. (Note: lower-case is also accepted for all values.)
++Finally, if the suffix ends in either \(lq+1\(rq or \(lq\-1\(rq, the value will
+ be offset by one byte in the indicated direction.
+ .IP
+ Examples: \-\-max\-size=1.5mb\-1 is 1499999 bytes, and \-\-max\-size=2g+1 is
+@@ -1492,7 +1436,7 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-B, \-\-block\-size=BLOCKSIZE\fP"
+ This forces the block size used in
+-rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm to a fixed value. It is normally selected based on
++rsync's delta-transfer algorithm to a fixed value. It is normally selected based on
+ the size of each file being updated. See the technical report for details.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-e, \-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP"
+@@ -1505,27 +1449,27 @@
+ remote shell \fICOMMAND\fP will be used to run an rsync daemon on the
+ remote host, and all data will be transmitted through that remote
+ shell connection, rather than through a direct socket connection to a
+-running rsync daemon on the remote host. See the section \(dq\&USING
+-RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE\-SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& above.
++running rsync daemon on the remote host. See the section \(lqUSING
++RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION\(rq above.
+ .IP
+-Command\-line arguments are permitted in COMMAND provided that COMMAND is
++Command-line arguments are permitted in COMMAND provided that COMMAND is
+ presented to rsync as a single argument. You must use spaces (not tabs
+ or other whitespace) to separate the command and args from each other,
+-and you can use single\- and/or double\-quotes to preserve spaces in an
+-argument (but not backslashes). Note that doubling a single\-quote
+-inside a single\-quoted string gives you a single\-quote; likewise for
+-double\-quotes (though you need to pay attention to which quotes your
++and you can use single- and/or double-quotes to preserve spaces in an
++argument (but not backslashes). Note that doubling a single-quote
++inside a single-quoted string gives you a single-quote; likewise for
++double-quotes (though you need to pay attention to which quotes your
+ shell is parsing and which quotes rsync is parsing). Some examples:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\f(CW \-e '\&ssh \-p 2234'\&\fP
++\f(CW \-e 'ssh \-p 2234'\fP
+ .br
+-\f(CW \-e '\&ssh \-o \(dq\&ProxyCommand nohup ssh firewall nc \-w1 %h %p\(dq\&'\&\fP
++\f(CW \-e 'ssh \-o "ProxyCommand nohup ssh firewall nc \-w1 %h %p"'\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-(Note that ssh users can alternately customize site\-specific connect
++(Note that ssh users can alternately customize site-specific connect
+ options in their .ssh/config file.)
+ .IP
+ You can also choose the remote shell program using the RSYNC_RSH
+@@ -1535,11 +1479,11 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-rsync\-path=PROGRAM\fP"
+ Use this to specify what program is to be run
+-on the remote machine to start\-up rsync. Often used when rsync is not in
+-the default remote\-shell\(cq\&s path (e.g. \-\-rsync\-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync).
++on the remote machine to start-up rsync. Often used when rsync is not in
++the default remote-shell's path (e.g. \-\-rsync\-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync).
+ Note that PROGRAM is run with the help of a shell, so it can be any
+-program, script, or command sequence you\(cq\&d care to run, so long as it does
+-not corrupt the standard\-in & standard\-out that rsync is using to
++program, script, or command sequence you'd care to run, so long as it does
++not corrupt the standard-in & standard-out that rsync is using to
+ communicate.
+ .IP
+ One tricky example is to set a different default directory on the remote
+@@ -1546,24 +1490,24 @@
+ machine for use with the \fB\-\-relative\fP option. For instance:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&cd /a/b && rsync\(dq\& host:c/d /e/\fP
++\f(CW rsync \-avR \-\-rsync\-path="cd /a/b && rsync" host:c/d /e/\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-C, \-\-cvs\-exclude\fP"
+ This is a useful shorthand for excluding a
+-broad range of files that you often don\(cq\&t want to transfer between
++broad range of files that you often don't want to transfer between
+ systems. It uses a similar algorithm to CVS to determine if
+ a file should be ignored.
+ .IP
+ The exclude list is initialized to exclude the following items (these
+-initial items are marked as perishable \-\- see the FILTER RULES section):
++initial items are marked as perishable \(em see the FILTER RULES section):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .RS
+ \f(CWRCS SCCS CVS CVS.adm RCSLOG cvslog.* tags TAGS .make.state
+ \&.nse_depinfo *~ #* .#* ,* _$* *$ *.old *.bak *.BAK *.orig *.rej .del\-*
+-*.a *.olb *.o *.obj *.so *.exe *.Z *.elc *.ln core .svn/ .git/ .hg/ .bzr/\fP
++*.a *.olb *.o *.obj *.so *.exe *.Z *.elc *.ln core .svn/ .git/ .bzr/\fP
+ .RE
+ .RE
+
+@@ -1574,19 +1518,19 @@
+ .IP
+ Finally, any file is ignored if it is in the same directory as a
+ \&.cvsignore file and matches one of the patterns listed therein. Unlike
+-rsync\(cq\&s filter/exclude files, these patterns are split on whitespace.
++rsync's filter/exclude files, these patterns are split on whitespace.
+ See the \fBcvs\fP(1) manual for more information.
+ .IP
+-If you\(cq\&re combining \fB\-C\fP with your own \fB\-\-filter\fP rules, you should
++If you're combining \fB\-C\fP with your own \fB\-\-filter\fP rules, you should
+ note that these CVS excludes are appended at the end of your own rules,
+-regardless of where the \fB\-C\fP was placed on the command\-line. This makes them
++regardless of where the \fB\-C\fP was placed on the command-line. This makes them
+ a lower priority than any rules you specified explicitly. If you want to
+ control where these CVS excludes get inserted into your filter rules, you
+-should omit the \fB\-C\fP as a command\-line option and use a combination of
+-\fB\-\-filter=:C\fP and \fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP (either on your command\-line or by
+-putting the \(dq\&:C\(dq\& and \(dq\&\-C\(dq\& rules into a filter file with your other rules).
+-The first option turns on the per\-directory scanning for the .cvsignore
+-file. The second option does a one\-time import of the CVS excludes
++should omit the \fB\-C\fP as a command-line option and use a combination of
++\fB\-\-filter=:C\fP and \fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP (either on your command-line or by
++putting the \(lq:C\(rq and \(lq\-C\(rq rules into a filter file with your other rules).
++The first option turns on the per-directory scanning for the .cvsignore
++file. The second option does a one-time import of the CVS excludes
+ mentioned above.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-f, \-\-filter=RULE\fP"
+@@ -1607,17 +1551,17 @@
+ your command. The first time it is used is a shorthand for this rule:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\f(CW \-\-filter='\&dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\&\fP
++\f(CW \-\-filter='dir\-merge /.rsync\-filter'\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-This tells rsync to look for per\-directory .rsync\-filter files that have
++This tells rsync to look for per-directory .rsync\-filter files that have
+ been sprinkled through the hierarchy and use their rules to filter the
+ files in the transfer. If \fB\-F\fP is repeated, it is a shorthand for this
+ rule:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\f(CW \-\-filter='\&exclude .rsync\-filter'\&\fP
++\f(CW \-\-filter='exclude .rsync\-filter'\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+@@ -1629,7 +1573,7 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-\-exclude=PATTERN\fP"
+ This option is a simplified form of the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an exclude rule and does not allow
+-the full rule\-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
++the full rule-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
+ .IP
+ See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+ .IP
+@@ -1636,13 +1580,13 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-from=FILE\fP"
+ This option is related to the \fB\-\-exclude\fP
+ option, but it specifies a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line).
+-Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(cq\&;\(cq\& or \(cq\&#\(cq\& are ignored.
++Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(oq;\(cq or \(oq#\(cq are ignored.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-include=PATTERN\fP"
+ This option is a simplified form of the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP option that defaults to an include rule and does not allow
+-the full rule\-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
++the full rule-parsing syntax of normal filter rules.
+ .IP
+ See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+ .IP
+@@ -1649,7 +1593,7 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-\-include\-from=FILE\fP"
+ This option is related to the \fB\-\-include\fP
+ option, but it specifies a FILE that contains include patterns (one per line).
+-Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(cq\&;\(cq\& or \(cq\&#\(cq\& are ignored.
++Blank lines in the file and lines starting with \(oq;\(cq or \(oq#\(cq are ignored.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the list will be read from standard input.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-files\-from=FILE\fP"
+@@ -1668,11 +1612,11 @@
+ specified in the list on the destination rather than noisily skipping
+ them (use \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP or \fB\-\-no\-d\fP if you want to turn that off).
+ .IP o
+-The \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) option\(cq\&s behavior does not imply \fB\-\-recursive\fP
++The \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) option's behavior does not imply \fB\-\-recursive\fP
+ (\fB\-r\fP), so specify it explicitly, if you want it.
+ .IP o
+-These side\-effects change the default state of rsync, so the position
+-of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option on the command\-line has no bearing on how
++These side-effects change the default state of rsync, so the position
++of the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option on the command-line has no bearing on how
+ other options are parsed (e.g. \fB\-a\fP works the same before or after
+ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, as does \fB\-\-no\-R\fP and all other options).
+ .RE
+@@ -1679,7 +1623,7 @@
+
+ .IP
+ The filenames that are read from the FILE are all relative to the
+-source dir \-\- any leading slashes are removed and no \(dq\&..\(dq\& references are
++source dir \(em any leading slashes are removed and no \(lq..\(rq references are
+ allowed to go higher than the source dir. For example, take this
+ command:
+ .IP
+@@ -1688,24 +1632,24 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-If /tmp/foo contains the string \(dq\&bin\(dq\& (or even \(dq\&/bin\(dq\&), the /usr/bin
++If /tmp/foo contains the string \(lqbin\(rq (or even \(lq/bin\(rq), the /usr/bin
+ directory will be created as /backup/bin on the remote host. If it
+-contains \(dq\&bin/\(dq\& (note the trailing slash), the immediate contents of
++contains \(lqbin/\(rq (note the trailing slash), the immediate contents of
+ the directory would also be sent (without needing to be explicitly
+-mentioned in the file \-\- this began in version 2.6.4). In both cases,
+-if the \fB\-r\fP option was enabled, that dir\(cq\&s entire hierarchy would
++mentioned in the file \(em this began in version 2.6.4). In both cases,
++if the \fB\-r\fP option was enabled, that dir's entire hierarchy would
+ also be transferred (keep in mind that \fB\-r\fP needs to be specified
+ explicitly with \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, since it is not implied by \fB\-a\fP).
+ Also note
+ that the effect of the (enabled by default) \fB\-\-relative\fP option is to
+-duplicate only the path info that is read from the file \-\- it does not
+-force the duplication of the source\-spec path (/usr in this case).
++duplicate only the path info that is read from the file \(em it does not
++force the duplication of the source-spec path (/usr in this case).
+ .IP
+ In addition, the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP file can be read from the remote host
+-instead of the local host if you specify a \(dq\&host:\(dq\& in front of the file
+-(the host must match one end of the transfer). As a short\-cut, you can
+-specify just a prefix of \(dq\&:\(dq\& to mean \(dq\&use the remote end of the
+-transfer\(dq\&. For example:
++instead of the local host if you specify a \(lqhost:\(rq in front of the file
++(the host must match one end of the transfer). As a short-cut, you can
++specify just a prefix of \(lq:\(rq to mean \(lquse the remote end of the
++transfer\(rq. For example:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ \f(CW rsync \-a \-\-files\-from=:/path/file\-list src:/ /tmp/copy\fP
+@@ -1712,39 +1656,32 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-This would copy all the files specified in the /path/file\-list file that
+-was located on the remote \(dq\&src\(dq\& host.
++This would copy all the files specified in the /path/file-list file that
++was located on the remote \(lqsrc\(rq host.
+ .IP
+-If the \fB\-\-iconv\fP and \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP options are specified and the
+-\fB\-\-files\-from\fP filenames are being sent from one host to another, the
+-filenames will be translated from the sending host\(cq\&s charset to the
+-receiving host\(cq\&s charset.
+-.IP
+-NOTE: sorting the list of files in the \-\-files\-from input helps rsync to be
+-more efficient, as it will avoid re\-visiting the path elements that are shared
+-between adjacent entries. If the input is not sorted, some path elements
+-(implied directories) may end up being scanned multiple times, and rsync will
+-eventually unduplicate them after they get turned into file\-list elements.
+-.IP
+ .IP "\fB\-0, \-\-from0\fP"
+ This tells rsync that the rules/filenames it reads from a
+-file are terminated by a null (\(cq\&\e0\(cq\&) character, not a NL, CR, or CR+LF.
++file are terminated by a null ('\e0') character, not a NL, CR, or CR+LF.
+ This affects \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP, \fB\-\-include\-from\fP, \fB\-\-files\-from\fP, and any
+ merged files specified in a \fB\-\-filter\fP rule.
+ It does not affect \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (since all names read from a .cvsignore
+ file are split on whitespace).
+ .IP
++If the \fB\-\-iconv\fP and \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP options are specified and the
++\fB\-\-files\-from\fP filenames are being sent from one host to another, the
++filenames will be translated from the sending host's charset to the
++receiving host's charset.
++.IP
+ .IP "\fB\-s, \-\-protect\-args\fP"
+-This option sends all filenames and most options to
++This option sends all filenames and some options to
+ the remote rsync without allowing the remote shell to interpret them. This
+-means that spaces are not split in names, and any non\-wildcard special
++means that spaces are not split in names, and any non-wildcard special
+ characters are not translated (such as ~, $, ;, &, etc.). Wildcards are
+ expanded on the remote host by rsync (instead of the shell doing it).
+ .IP
+-If you use this option with \fB\-\-iconv\fP, the args related to the remote
+-side will also be translated
+-from the local to the remote character\-set. The translation happens before
+-wild\-cards are expanded. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
++If you use this option with \fB\-\-iconv\fP, the args will also be translated
++from the local to the remote character-set. The translation happens before
++wild-cards are expanded. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-T, \-\-temp\-dir=DIR\fP"
+ This option instructs rsync to use DIR as a
+@@ -1769,25 +1706,25 @@
+ If you are using this option for reasons other than a shortage of disk
+ space, you may wish to combine it with the \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP option,
+ which will ensure that all copied files get put into subdirectories in the
+-destination hierarchy, awaiting the end of the transfer. If you don\(cq\&t
++destination hierarchy, awaiting the end of the transfer. If you don't
+ have enough room to duplicate all the arriving files on the destination
+-partition, another way to tell rsync that you aren\(cq\&t overly concerned
++partition, another way to tell rsync that you aren't overly concerned
+ about disk space is to use the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option with a relative
+ path; because this tells rsync that it is OK to stash off a copy of a
+ single file in a subdir in the destination hierarchy, rsync will use the
+-partial\-dir as a staging area to bring over the copied file, and then
++partial-dir as a staging area to bring over the copied file, and then
+ rename it into place from there. (Specifying a \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP with
+-an absolute path does not have this side\-effect.)
++an absolute path does not have this side-effect.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-y, \-\-fuzzy\fP"
+ This option tells rsync that it should look for a
+ basis file for any destination file that is missing. The current algorithm
+ looks in the same directory as the destination file for either a file that
+-has an identical size and modified\-time, or a similarly\-named file. If
++has an identical size and modified-time, or a similarly-named file. If
+ found, rsync uses the fuzzy basis file to try to speed up the transfer.
+ .IP
+ Note that the use of the \fB\-\-delete\fP option might get rid of any potential
+-fuzzy\-match files, so either use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP or specify some
++fuzzy-match files, so either use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP or specify some
+ filename exclusions if you need to prevent this.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-compare\-dest=DIR\fP"
+@@ -1795,7 +1732,7 @@
+ the destination machine as an additional hierarchy to compare destination
+ files against doing transfers (if the files are missing in the destination
+ directory). If a file is found in \fIDIR\fP that is identical to the
+-sender\(cq\&s file, the file will NOT be transferred to the destination
++sender's file, the file will NOT be transferred to the destination
+ directory. This is useful for creating a sparse backup of just files that
+ have changed from an earlier backup.
+ .IP
+@@ -1815,7 +1752,7 @@
+ rsync will also copy unchanged files found in \fIDIR\fP to the destination
+ directory using a local copy.
+ This is useful for doing transfers to a new destination while leaving
+-existing files intact, and then doing a flash\-cutover when all files have
++existing files intact, and then doing a flash-cutover when all files have
+ been successfully transferred.
+ .IP
+ Multiple \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP directories may be provided, which will cause
+@@ -1838,10 +1775,10 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-If file\(cq\&s aren\(cq\&t linking, double\-check their attributes. Also check if some
+-attributes are getting forced outside of rsync\(cq\&s control, such a mount option
++If file's aren't linking, double-check their attributes. Also check if some
++attributes are getting forced outside of rsync's control, such a mount option
+ that squishes root to a single user, or mounts a removable drive with generic
+-ownership (such as OS X\(cq\&s \(dq\&Ignore ownership on this volume\(dq\& option).
++ownership (such as OS X's \(lqIgnore ownership on this volume\(rq option).
+ .IP
+ Beginning in version 2.6.4, multiple \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP directories may be
+ provided, which will cause rsync to search the list in the order specified
+@@ -1852,9 +1789,9 @@
+ selected to try to speed up the transfer.
+ .IP
+ This option works best when copying into an empty destination hierarchy, as
+-rsync treats existing files as definitive (so it never looks in the link\-dest
++rsync treats existing files as definitive (so it never looks in the link-dest
+ dirs when a destination file already exists), and as malleable (so it might
+-change the attributes of a destination file, which affects all the hard\-linked
++change the attributes of a destination file, which affects all the hard-linked
+ versions).
+ .IP
+ Note that if you combine this option with \fB\-\-ignore\-times\fP, rsync will not
+@@ -1866,14 +1803,14 @@
+ See also \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP and \fB\-\-copy\-dest\fP.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync versions prior to 2.6.1 had a bug that could prevent
+-\fB\-\-link\-dest\fP from working properly for a non\-super\-user when \fB\-o\fP was
+-specified (or implied by \fB\-a\fP). You can work\-around this bug by avoiding
++\fB\-\-link\-dest\fP from working properly for a non-super-user when \fB\-o\fP was
++specified (or implied by \fB\-a\fP). You can work-around this bug by avoiding
+ the \fB\-o\fP option when sending to an old rsync.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-z, \-\-compress\fP"
+ With this option, rsync compresses the file data
+ as it is sent to the destination machine, which reduces the amount of data
+-being transmitted \-\- something that is useful over a slow connection.
++being transmitted \(em something that is useful over a slow connection.
+ .IP
+ Note that this option typically achieves better compression ratios than can
+ be achieved by using a compressing remote shell or a compressing transport
+@@ -1885,7 +1822,7 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-level=NUM\fP"
+ Explicitly set the compression level to use
+-(see \fB\-\-compress\fP) instead of letting it default. If NUM is non\-zero,
++(see \fB\-\-compress\fP) instead of letting it default. If NUM is non-zero,
+ the \fB\-\-compress\fP option is implied.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-skip\-compress=LIST\fP"
+@@ -1895,13 +1832,13 @@
+ .IP
+ You may specify an empty string to indicate that no file should be skipped.
+ .IP
+-Simple character\-class matching is supported: each must consist of a list
++Simple character-class matching is supported: each must consist of a list
+ of letters inside the square brackets (e.g. no special classes, such as
+-\(dq\&[:alpha:]\(dq\&, are supported, and \(cq\&\-\(cq\& has no special meaning).
++\(lq[:alpha:]\(rq, are supported).
+ .IP
+-The characters asterisk (*) and question\-mark (?) have no special meaning.
++The characters asterisk (*) and question-mark (?) have no special meaning.
+ .IP
+-Here\(cq\&s an example that specifies 6 suffixes to skip (since 1 of the 5 rules
++Here's an example that specifies 6 suffixes to skip (since 1 of the 5 rules
+ matches 2 suffixes):
+ .IP
+ .nf
+@@ -1909,30 +1846,17 @@
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+-The default list of suffixes that will not be compressed is this (in this
+-version of rsync):
++The default list of suffixes that will not be compressed is this (several
++of these are newly added for 3.0.0):
+ .IP
+-\fB7z\fP
+-\fBavi\fP
+-\fBbz2\fP
+-\fBdeb\fP
+-\fBgz\fP
+-\fBiso\fP
+-\fBjpeg\fP
+-\fBjpg\fP
+-\fBmov\fP
+-\fBmp3\fP
+-\fBmp4\fP
+-\fBogg\fP
+-\fBrpm\fP
+-\fBtbz\fP
+-\fBtgz\fP
+-\fBz\fP
+-\fBzip\fP
++.nf
++ gz/zip/z/rpm/deb/iso/bz2/t[gb]z/7z/mp[34]/mov/avi/ogg/jpg/jpeg
++.fi
++
+ .IP
+ This list will be replaced by your \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP list in all but one
+ situation: a copy from a daemon rsync will add your skipped suffixes to
+-its list of non\-compressing files (and its list may be configured to a
++its list of non-compressing files (and its list may be configured to a
+ different default).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP"
+@@ -1948,8 +1872,8 @@
+ If a user or group has no name on the source system or it has no match
+ on the destination system, then the numeric ID
+ from the source system is used instead. See also the comments on the
+-\(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage for information on how
+-the chroot setting affects rsync\(cq\&s ability to look up the names of the
++\(lquse chroot\(rq setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage for information on how
++the chroot setting affects rsync's ability to look up the names of the
+ users and groups and what you can do about it.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-timeout=TIMEOUT\fP"
+@@ -1971,7 +1895,7 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+ This specifies an alternate TCP port number to use
+ rather than the default of 873. This is only needed if you are using the
+-double\-colon (::) syntax to connect with an rsync daemon (since the URL
++double-colon (::) syntax to connect with an rsync daemon (since the URL
+ syntax has a way to specify the port as a part of the URL). See also this
+ option in the \fB\-\-daemon\fP mode section.
+ .IP
+@@ -1991,21 +1915,21 @@
+ This tells rsync to use blocking I/O when launching
+ a remote shell transport. If the remote shell is either rsh or remsh,
+ rsync defaults to using
+-blocking I/O, otherwise it defaults to using non\-blocking I/O. (Note that
+-ssh prefers non\-blocking I/O.)
++blocking I/O, otherwise it defaults to using non-blocking I/O. (Note that
++ssh prefers non-blocking I/O.)
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-i, \-\-itemize\-changes\fP"
+ Requests a simple itemized list of the
+ changes that are being made to each file, including attribute changes.
+-This is exactly the same as specifying \fB\-\-out\-format='\&%i %n%L'\&\fP.
++This is exactly the same as specifying \fB\-\-out\-format='%i %n%L'\fP.
+ If you repeat the option, unchanged files will also be output, but only
+ if the receiving rsync is at least version 2.6.7 (you can use \fB\-vv\fP
+ with older versions of rsync, but that also turns on the output of other
+ verbose messages).
+ .IP
+-The \(dq\&%i\(dq\& escape has a cryptic output that is 11 letters long. The general
++The \(lq%i\(rq escape has a cryptic output that is 11 letters long. The general
+ format is like the string \fBYXcstpoguax\fP, where \fBY\fP is replaced by the
+-type of update being done, \fBX\fP is replaced by the file\-type, and the
++type of update being done, \fBX\fP is replaced by the file-type, and the
+ other letters represent attributes that may be output if they are being
+ modified.
+ .IP
+@@ -2028,21 +1952,21 @@
+ A \fB.\fP means that the item is not being updated (though it might
+ have attributes that are being modified).
+ .IP o
+-A \fB*\fP means that the rest of the itemized\-output area contains
+-a message (e.g. \(dq\&deleting\(dq\&).
++A \fB*\fP means that the rest of the itemized-output area contains
++a message (e.g. \(lqdeleting\(rq).
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-The file\-types that replace the \fBX\fP are: \fBf\fP for a file, a \fBd\fP for a
++The file-types that replace the \fBX\fP are: \fBf\fP for a file, a \fBd\fP for a
+ directory, an \fBL\fP for a symlink, a \fBD\fP for a device, and a \fBS\fP for a
+ special file (e.g. named sockets and fifos).
+ .IP
+ The other letters in the string above are the actual letters that
+ will be output if the associated attribute for the item is being updated or
+-a \(dq\&.\(dq\& for no change. Three exceptions to this are: (1) a newly created
+-item replaces each letter with a \(dq\&+\(dq\&, (2) an identical item replaces the
++a \(lq.\(rq for no change. Three exceptions to this are: (1) a newly created
++item replaces each letter with a \(lq+\(rq, (2) an identical item replaces the
+ dots with spaces, and (3) an unknown attribute replaces each letter with
+-a \(dq\&?\(dq\& (this can happen when talking to an older rsync).
++a \(lq?\(rq (this can happen when talking to an older rsync).
+ .IP
+ The attribute that is associated with each letter is as follows:
+ .IP
+@@ -2052,27 +1976,27 @@
+ (requires \fB\-\-checksum\fP) or that a symlink, device, or special file has
+ a changed value.
+ Note that if you are sending files to an rsync prior to 3.0.1, this
+-change flag will be present only for checksum\-differing regular files.
++change flag will be present only for checksum-differing regular files.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBs\fP means the size of a regular file is different and will be updated
+ by the file transfer.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBt\fP means the modification time is different and is being updated
+-to the sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-times\fP). An alternate value of \fBT\fP
++to the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-times\fP). An alternate value of \fBT\fP
+ means that the modification time will be set to the transfer time, which happens
+ when a file/symlink/device is updated without \fB\-\-times\fP and when a
+-symlink is changed and the receiver can\(cq\&t set its time.
++symlink is changed and the receiver can't set its time.
+ (Note: when using an rsync 3.0.0 client, you might see the \fBs\fP flag combined
+-with \fBt\fP instead of the proper \fBT\fP flag for this time\-setting failure.)
++with \fBt\fP instead of the proper \fBT\fP flag for this time-setting failure.)
+ .IP o
+ A \fBp\fP means the permissions are different and are being updated to
+-the sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-perms\fP).
++the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-perms\fP).
+ .IP o
+ An \fBo\fP means the owner is different and is being updated to the
+-sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-owner\fP and super\-user privileges).
++sender's value (requires \fB\-\-owner\fP and super-user privileges).
+ .IP o
+ A \fBg\fP means the group is different and is being updated to the
+-sender\(cq\&s value (requires \fB\-\-group\fP and the authority to set the group).
++sender's value (requires \fB\-\-group\fP and the authority to set the group).
+ .IP o
+ The \fBu\fP slot is reserved for future use.
+ .IP o
+@@ -2082,50 +2006,50 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-One other output is possible: when deleting files, the \(dq\&%i\(dq\& will output
+-the string \(dq\&*deleting\(dq\& for each item that is being removed (assuming that
++One other output is possible: when deleting files, the \(lq%i\(rq will output
++the string \(lq*deleting\(rq for each item that is being removed (assuming that
+ you are talking to a recent enough rsync that it logs deletions instead of
+ outputting them as a verbose message).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-out\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This allows you to specify exactly what the
+-rsync client outputs to the user on a per\-update basis. The format is a
+-text string containing embedded single\-character escape sequences prefixed
+-with a percent (%) character. A default format of \(dq\&%n%L\(dq\& is assumed if
++rsync client outputs to the user on a per-update basis. The format is a
++text string containing embedded single-character escape sequences prefixed
++with a percent (%) character. A default format of \(lq%n%L\(rq is assumed if
+ \fB\-v\fP is specified (which reports the name
+ of the file and, if the item is a link, where it points). For a full list
+-of the possible escape characters, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting in the
++of the possible escape characters, see the \(lqlog format\(rq setting in the
+ rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ Specifying the \fB\-\-out\-format\fP option
+ will mention each file, dir, etc. that gets updated in a significant
+ way (a transferred file, a recreated symlink/device, or a touched
+-directory). In addition, if the itemize\-changes escape (%i) is included in
++directory). In addition, if the itemize-changes escape (%i) is included in
+ the string (e.g. if the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option was used), the logging
+ of names increases to mention any item that is changed in any way (as long
+ as the receiving side is at least 2.6.4). See the \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP
+-option for a description of the output of \(dq\&%i\(dq\&.
++option for a description of the output of \(lq%i\(rq.
+ .IP
+-Rsync will output the out\-format string prior to a file\(cq\&s transfer unless
+-one of the transfer\-statistic escapes is requested, in which case the
+-logging is done at the end of the file\(cq\&s transfer. When this late logging
++Rsync will output the out-format string prior to a file's transfer unless
++one of the transfer-statistic escapes is requested, in which case the
++logging is done at the end of the file's transfer. When this late logging
+ is in effect and \fB\-\-progress\fP is also specified, rsync will also output
+ the name of the file being transferred prior to its progress information
+-(followed, of course, by the out\-format output).
++(followed, of course, by the out-format output).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
+ This option causes rsync to log what it is doing
+ to a file. This is similar to the logging that a daemon does, but can be
+-requested for the client side and/or the server side of a non\-daemon
++requested for the client side and/or the server side of a non-daemon
+ transfer. If specified as a client option, transfer logging will be
+-enabled with a default format of \(dq\&%i %n%L\(dq\&. See the \fB\-\-log\-file\-format\fP
++enabled with a default format of \(lq%i %n%L\(rq. See the \fB\-\-log\-file\-format\fP
+ option if you wish to override this.
+ .IP
+-Here\(cq\&s a example command that requests the remote side to log what is
++Here's a example command that requests the remote side to log what is
+ happening:
+ .IP
+ .nf
+- rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path=\(dq\&rsync \-\-log\-file=/tmp/rlog\(dq\& src/ dest/
++ rsync \-av \-\-rsync\-path="rsync \-\-log\-file=/tmp/rlog" src/ dest/
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+@@ -2134,28 +2058,28 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This allows you to specify exactly what
+-per\-update logging is put into the file specified by the \fB\-\-log\-file\fP option
++per-update logging is put into the file specified by the \fB\-\-log\-file\fP option
+ (which must also be specified for this option to have any effect). If you
+ specify an empty string, updated files will not be mentioned in the log file.
+-For a list of the possible escape characters, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting
++For a list of the possible escape characters, see the \(lqlog format\(rq setting
+ in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ The default FORMAT used if \fB\-\-log\-file\fP is specified and this option is not
+-is \(cq\&%i %n%L\(cq\&.
++is '%i %n%L'.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-stats\fP"
+ This tells rsync to print a verbose set of statistics
+-on the file transfer, allowing you to tell how effective rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer
++on the file transfer, allowing you to tell how effective rsync's delta-transfer
+ algorithm is for your data.
+ .IP
+ The current statistics are as follows:
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+-\fBNumber of files\fP is the count of all \(dq\&files\(dq\& (in the generic
++\fBNumber of files\fP is the count of all \(lqfiles\(rq (in the generic
+ sense), which includes directories, symlinks, etc.
+ .IP o
+ \fBNumber of files transferred\fP is the count of normal files that
+-were updated via rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm, which does not include created
++were updated via rsync's delta-transfer algorithm, which does not include created
+ dirs, symlinks, etc.
+ .IP o
+ \fBTotal file size\fP is the total sum of all file sizes in the transfer.
+@@ -2165,14 +2089,14 @@
+ \fBTotal transferred file size\fP is the total sum of all files sizes
+ for just the transferred files.
+ .IP o
+-\fBLiteral data\fP is how much unmatched file\-update data we had to
++\fBLiteral data\fP is how much unmatched file-update data we had to
+ send to the receiver for it to recreate the updated files.
+ .IP o
+ \fBMatched data\fP is how much data the receiver got locally when
+ recreating the updated files.
+ .IP o
+-\fBFile list size\fP is how big the file\-list data was when the sender
+-sent it to the receiver. This is smaller than the in\-memory size for the
++\fBFile list size\fP is how big the file-list data was when the sender
++sent it to the receiver. This is smaller than the in-memory size for the
+ file list due to some compressing of duplicated data when rsync sends the
+ list.
+ .IP o
+@@ -2186,27 +2110,27 @@
+ \fBTotal bytes sent\fP is the count of all the bytes that rsync sent
+ from the client side to the server side.
+ .IP o
+-\fBTotal bytes received\fP is the count of all non\-message bytes that
+-rsync received by the client side from the server side. \(dq\&Non\-message\(dq\&
+-bytes means that we don\(cq\&t count the bytes for a verbose message that the
++\fBTotal bytes received\fP is the count of all non-message bytes that
++rsync received by the client side from the server side. \(lqNon-message\(rq
++bytes means that we don't count the bytes for a verbose message that the
+ server sent to us, which makes the stats more consistent.
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-8, \-\-8\-bit\-output\fP"
+-This tells rsync to leave all high\-bit characters
+-unescaped in the output instead of trying to test them to see if they\(cq\&re
++This tells rsync to leave all high-bit characters
++unescaped in the output instead of trying to test them to see if they're
+ valid in the current locale and escaping the invalid ones. All control
+-characters (but never tabs) are always escaped, regardless of this option\(cq\&s
++characters (but never tabs) are always escaped, regardless of this option's
+ setting.
+ .IP
+ The escape idiom that started in 2.6.7 is to output a literal backslash (\e)
+ and a hash (#), followed by exactly 3 octal digits. For example, a newline
+-would output as \(dq\&\e#012\(dq\&. A literal backslash that is in a filename is not
++would output as \(lq\e#012\(rq. A literal backslash that is in a filename is not
+ escaped unless it is followed by a hash and 3 digits (0\-9).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-h, \-\-human\-readable\fP"
+-Output numbers in a more human\-readable format.
++Output numbers in a more human-readable format.
+ This makes big numbers output using larger units, with a K, M, or G suffix. If
+ this option was specified once, these units are K (1000), M (1000*1000), and
+ G (1000*1000*1000); if the option is repeated, the units are powers of 1024
+@@ -2227,39 +2151,39 @@
+ dir as data to speed up the resumption of the transfer and then delete it
+ after it has served its purpose.
+ .IP
+-Note that if \fB\-\-whole\-file\fP is specified (or implied), any partial\-dir
++Note that if \fB\-\-whole\-file\fP is specified (or implied), any partial-dir
+ file that is found for a file that is being updated will simply be removed
+ (since
+-rsync is sending files without using rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm).
++rsync is sending files without using rsync's delta-transfer algorithm).
+ .IP
+-Rsync will create the \fIDIR\fP if it is missing (just the last dir \-\- not
++Rsync will create the \fIDIR\fP if it is missing (just the last dir \(em not
+ the whole path). This makes it easy to use a relative path (such as
+-\(dq\&\fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-partial\fP\(dq\&) to have rsync create the
+-partial\-directory in the destination file\(cq\&s directory when needed, and then
++\(lq\fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-partial\fP\(rq) to have rsync create the
++partial-directory in the destination file's directory when needed, and then
+ remove it again when the partial file is deleted.
+ .IP
+-If the partial\-dir value is not an absolute path, rsync will add an exclude
++If the partial-dir value is not an absolute path, rsync will add an exclude
+ rule at the end of all your existing excludes. This will prevent the
+-sending of any partial\-dir files that may exist on the sending side, and
+-will also prevent the untimely deletion of partial\-dir items on the
++sending of any partial-dir files that may exist on the sending side, and
++will also prevent the untimely deletion of partial-dir items on the
+ receiving side. An example: the above \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option would add
+-the equivalent of \(dq\&\fB\-f '\&\-p .rsync\-partial/'\&\fP\(dq\& at the end of any other
++the equivalent of \(lq\fB\-f '\-p .rsync\-partial/'\fP\(rq at the end of any other
+ filter rules.
+ .IP
+ If you are supplying your own exclude rules, you may need to add your own
+-exclude/hide/protect rule for the partial\-dir because (1) the auto\-added
++exclude/hide/protect rule for the partial-dir because (1) the auto-added
+ rule may be ineffective at the end of your other rules, or (2) you may wish
+-to override rsync\(cq\&s exclude choice. For instance, if you want to make
+-rsync clean\-up any left\-over partial\-dirs that may be lying around, you
+-should specify \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP and add a \(dq\&risk\(dq\& filter rule, e.g.
+-\fB\-f '\&R .rsync\-partial/'\&\fP. (Avoid using \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP or
+-\fB\-\-delete\-during\fP unless you don\(cq\&t need rsync to use any of the
+-left\-over partial\-dir data during the current run.)
++to override rsync's exclude choice. For instance, if you want to make
++rsync clean-up any left-over partial-dirs that may be lying around, you
++should specify \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP and add a \(lqrisk\(rq filter rule, e.g.
++\fB\-f 'R .rsync\-partial/'\fP. (Avoid using \fB\-\-delete\-before\fP or
++\fB\-\-delete\-during\fP unless you don't need rsync to use any of the
++left-over partial-dir data during the current run.)
+ .IP
+ IMPORTANT: the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP should not be writable by other users or it
+-is a security risk. E.g. AVOID \(dq\&/tmp\(dq\&.
++is a security risk. E.g. AVOID \(lq/tmp\(rq.
+ .IP
+-You can also set the partial\-dir value the RSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR environment
++You can also set the partial-dir value the RSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR environment
+ variable. Setting this in the environment does not force \fB\-\-partial\fP to be
+ enabled, but rather it affects where partial files go when \fB\-\-partial\fP is
+ specified. For instance, instead of using \fB\-\-partial\-dir=.rsync\-tmp\fP
+@@ -2270,7 +2194,7 @@
+ specified (since \fB\-\-inplace\fP conflicts with \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP), and (2) when
+ \fB\-\-delay\-updates\fP was specified (see below).
+ .IP
+-For the purposes of the daemon\-config\(cq\&s \(dq\&refuse options\(dq\& setting,
++For the purposes of the daemon-config's \(lqrefuse options\(rq setting,
+ \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP does \fInot\fP imply \fB\-\-partial\fP. This is so that a
+ refusal of the \fB\-\-partial\fP option can be used to disallow the overwriting
+ of destination files with a partial transfer, while still allowing the
+@@ -2281,12 +2205,12 @@
+ updated file into a holding directory until the end of the
+ transfer, at which time all the files are renamed into place in rapid
+ succession. This attempts to make the updating of the files a little more
+-atomic. By default the files are placed into a directory named \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& in
+-each file\(cq\&s destination directory, but if you\(cq\&ve specified the
++atomic. By default the files are placed into a directory named \(lq.~tmp~\(rq in
++each file's destination directory, but if you've specified the
+ \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP option, that directory will be used instead. See the
+ comments in the \fB\-\-partial\-dir\fP section for a discussion of how this
+-\(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& dir will be excluded from the transfer, and what you can do if
+-you want rsync to cleanup old \(dq\&.~tmp~\(dq\& dirs that might be lying around.
++\(lq.~tmp~\(rq dir will be excluded from the transfer, and what you can do if
++you want rsync to cleanup old \(lq.~tmp~\(rq dirs that might be lying around.
+ Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP and \fB\-\-append\fP.
+ .IP
+ This option uses more memory on the receiving side (one bit per file
+@@ -2298,16 +2222,16 @@
+ the updated files will be put into a single directory if the path is
+ absolute)
+ and (2) there are no mount points in the hierarchy (since the
+-delayed updates will fail if they can\(cq\&t be renamed into place).
++delayed updates will fail if they can't be renamed into place).
+ .IP
+-See also the \(dq\&atomic\-rsync\(dq\& perl script in the \(dq\&support\(dq\& subdir for an
++See also the \(lqatomic-rsync\(rq perl script in the \(lqsupport\(rq subdir for an
+ update algorithm that is even more atomic (it uses \fB\-\-link\-dest\fP and a
+ parallel hierarchy of files).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-m, \-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP"
+ This option tells the receiving rsync to get
+-rid of empty directories from the file\-list, including nested directories
+-that have no non\-directory children. This is useful for avoiding the
++rid of empty directories from the file-list, including nested directories
++that have no non-directory children. This is useful for avoiding the
+ creation of a bunch of useless directories when the sending rsync is
+ recursively scanning a hierarchy of files using include/exclude/filter
+ rules.
+@@ -2316,41 +2240,41 @@
+ not affect what goes into the file list, and thus does not leave directories
+ empty, even if none of the files in a directory match the transfer rule.
+ .IP
+-Because the file\-list is actually being pruned, this option also affects
++Because the file-list is actually being pruned, this option also affects
+ what directories get deleted when a delete is active. However, keep in
+ mind that excluded files and directories can prevent existing items from
+ being deleted due to an exclude both hiding source files and protecting
+-destination files. See the perishable filter\-rule option for how to avoid
++destination files. See the perishable filter-rule option for how to avoid
+ this.
+ .IP
+-You can prevent the pruning of certain empty directories from the file\-list
+-by using a global \(dq\&protect\(dq\& filter. For instance, this option would ensure
+-that the directory \(dq\&emptydir\(dq\& was kept in the file\-list:
++You can prevent the pruning of certain empty directories from the file-list
++by using a global \(lqprotect\(rq filter. For instance, this option would ensure
++that the directory \(lqemptydir\(rq was kept in the file-list:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-\-\-filter \(cq\&protect emptydir/\(cq\&
++\-\-filter 'protect emptydir/'
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-Here\(cq\&s an example that copies all .pdf files in a hierarchy, only creating
++Here's an example that copies all .pdf files in a hierarchy, only creating
+ the necessary destination directories to hold the .pdf files, and ensures
+ that any superfluous files and directories in the destination are removed
+-(note the hide filter of non\-directories being used instead of an exclude):
++(note the hide filter of non-directories being used instead of an exclude):
+ .IP
+ .RS
+-rsync \-avm \-\-del \-\-include=\(cq\&*.pdf\(cq\& \-f \(cq\&hide,! */\(cq\& src/ dest
++rsync \-avm \-\-del \-\-include='*.pdf' \-f 'hide,! */' src/ dest
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-If you didn\(cq\&t want to remove superfluous destination files, the more
+-time\-honored options of \(dq\&\fB\-\-include='\&*/'\& \-\-exclude='\&*'\&\fP\(dq\& would work fine
+-in place of the hide\-filter (if that is more natural to you).
++If you didn't want to remove superfluous destination files, the more
++time-honored options of \(lq\fB\-\-include='*/' \-\-exclude='*'\fP\(rq would work fine
++in place of the hide-filter (if that is more natural to you).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-progress\fP"
+ This option tells rsync to print information
+ showing the progress of the transfer. This gives a bored user
+ something to watch.
+-Implies \fB\-\-verbose\fP if it wasn\(cq\&t already specified.
++Implies \fB\-\-verbose\fP if it wasn't already specified.
+ .IP
+ While rsync is transferring a regular file, it updates a progress line that
+ looks like this:
+@@ -2361,12 +2285,12 @@
+
+ .IP
+ In this example, the receiver has reconstructed 782448 bytes or 63% of the
+-sender\(cq\&s file, which is being reconstructed at a rate of 110.64 kilobytes
++sender's file, which is being reconstructed at a rate of 110.64 kilobytes
+ per second, and the transfer will finish in 4 seconds if the current rate
+ is maintained until the end.
+ .IP
+-These statistics can be misleading if rsync\(cq\&s delta\-transfer algorithm is
+-in use. For example, if the sender\(cq\&s file consists of the basis file
++These statistics can be misleading if rsync's delta-transfer algorithm is
++in use. For example, if the sender's file consists of the basis file
+ followed by additional data, the reported rate will probably drop
+ dramatically when the receiver gets to the literal data, and the transfer
+ will probably take much longer to finish than the receiver estimated as it
+@@ -2376,7 +2300,7 @@
+ summary line that looks like this:
+ .IP
+ .nf
+- 1238099 100% 146.38kB/s 0:00:08 (xfer#5, to\-check=169/396)
++ 1238099 100% 146.38kB/s 0:00:08 (xfer#5, to-check=169/396)
+ .fi
+
+ .IP
+@@ -2384,8 +2308,8 @@
+ of transfer for the whole file was 146.38 kilobytes per second over the 8
+ seconds that it took to complete, it was the 5th transfer of a regular file
+ during the current rsync session, and there are 169 more files for the
+-receiver to check (to see if they are up\-to\-date or not) remaining out of
+-the 396 total files in the file\-list.
++receiver to check (to see if they are up-to-date or not) remaining out of
++the 396 total files in the file-list.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-P\fP"
+ The \fB\-P\fP option is equivalent to \fB\-\-partial\fP \fB\-\-progress\fP. Its
+@@ -2395,14 +2319,13 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-\-password\-file\fP"
+ This option allows you to provide a password in a
+ file for accessing an rsync daemon. The file must not be world readable.
+-It should contain just the password as the first line of the file (all
+-other lines are ignored).
++It should contain just the password as a single line.
+ .IP
+ This option does not supply a password to a remote shell transport such as
+-ssh; to learn how to do that, consult the remote shell\(cq\&s documentation.
++ssh; to learn how to do that, consult the remote shell's documentation.
+ When accessing an rsync daemon using a remote shell as the transport, this
+ option only comes into effect after the remote shell finishes its
+-authentication (i.e. if you have also specified a password in the daemon\(cq\&s
++authentication (i.e. if you have also specified a password in the daemon's
+ config file).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-list\-only\fP"
+@@ -2410,9 +2333,9 @@
+ instead of transferred. This option is inferred if there is a single source
+ arg and no destination specified, so its main uses are: (1) to turn a copy
+ command that includes a
+-destination arg into a file\-listing command, or (2) to be able to specify
++destination arg into a file-listing command, or (2) to be able to specify
+ more than one source arg (note: be sure to include the destination).
+-Caution: keep in mind that a source arg with a wild\-card is expanded by the
++Caution: keep in mind that a source arg with a wild-card is expanded by the
+ shell into multiple args, so it is never safe to try to list such an arg
+ without using this option. For example:
+ .IP
+@@ -2423,11 +2346,11 @@
+ .IP
+ Compatibility note: when requesting a remote listing of files from an rsync
+ that is version 2.6.3 or older, you may encounter an error if you ask for a
+-non\-recursive listing. This is because a file listing implies the \fB\-\-dirs\fP
+-option w/o \fB\-\-recursive\fP, and older rsyncs don\(cq\&t have that option. To
+-avoid this problem, either specify the \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP option (if you don\(cq\&t
+-need to expand a directory\(cq\&s content), or turn on recursion and exclude
+-the content of subdirectories: \fB\-r \-\-exclude='\&/*/*'\&\fP.
++non-recursive listing. This is because a file listing implies the \fB\-\-dirs\fP
++option w/o \fB\-\-recursive\fP, and older rsyncs don't have that option. To
++avoid this problem, either specify the \fB\-\-no\-dirs\fP option (if you don't
++need to expand a directory's content), or turn on recursion and exclude
++the content of subdirectories: \fB\-r \-\-exclude='/*/*'\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
+ This option allows you to specify a maximum
+@@ -2440,7 +2363,7 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
+ Record a file that can later be applied to
+-another identical destination with \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP. See the \(dq\&BATCH MODE\(dq\&
++another identical destination with \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP. See the \(lqBATCH MODE\(rq
+ section for details, and also the \fB\-\-only\-write\-batch\fP option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-only\-write\-batch=FILE\fP"
+@@ -2452,20 +2375,20 @@
+ Note that you can feel free to write the batch directly to some portable
+ media: if this media fills to capacity before the end of the transfer, you
+ can just apply that partial transfer to the destination and repeat the
+-whole process to get the rest of the changes (as long as you don\(cq\&t mind a
+-partially updated destination system while the multi\-update cycle is
++whole process to get the rest of the changes (as long as you don't mind a
++partially updated destination system while the multi-update cycle is
+ happening).
+ .IP
+ Also note that you only save bandwidth when pushing changes to a remote
+ system because this allows the batched data to be diverted from the sender
+ into the batch file without having to flow over the wire to the receiver
+-(when pulling, the sender is remote, and thus can\(cq\&t write the batch).
++(when pulling, the sender is remote, and thus can't write the batch).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-read\-batch=FILE\fP"
+ Apply all of the changes stored in FILE, a
+ file previously generated by \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP.
+ If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the batch data will be read from standard input.
+-See the \(dq\&BATCH MODE\(dq\& section for details.
++See the \(lqBATCH MODE\(rq section for details.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-protocol=NUM\fP"
+ Force an older protocol version to be used. This
+@@ -2472,38 +2395,38 @@
+ is useful for creating a batch file that is compatible with an older
+ version of rsync. For instance, if rsync 2.6.4 is being used with the
+ \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP option, but rsync 2.6.3 is what will be used to run the
+-\fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, you should use \(dq\&\-\-protocol=28\(dq\& when creating the
++\fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, you should use \(lq\-\-protocol=28\(rq when creating the
+ batch file to force the older protocol version to be used in the batch
+-file (assuming you can\(cq\&t upgrade the rsync on the reading system).
++file (assuming you can't upgrade the rsync on the reading system).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-iconv=CONVERT_SPEC\fP"
+ Rsync can convert filenames between character
+-sets using this option. Using a CONVERT_SPEC of \(dq\&.\(dq\& tells rsync to look up
+-the default character\-set via the locale setting. Alternately, you can
++sets using this option. Using a CONVERT_SPEC of \(lq.\(rq tells rsync to look up
++the default character-set via the locale setting. Alternately, you can
+ fully specify what conversion to do by giving a local and a remote charset
+ separated by a comma in the order \fB\-\-iconv=LOCAL,REMOTE\fP, e.g.
+ \fB\-\-iconv=utf8,iso88591\fP. This order ensures that the option
+-will stay the same whether you\(cq\&re pushing or pulling files.
+-Finally, you can specify either \fB\-\-no\-iconv\fP or a CONVERT_SPEC of \(dq\&\-\(dq\&
++will stay the same whether you're pushing or pulling files.
++Finally, you can specify either \fB\-\-no\-iconv\fP or a CONVERT_SPEC of \(lq\-\(rq
+ to turn off any conversion.
+-The default setting of this option is site\-specific, and can also be
++The default setting of this option is site-specific, and can also be
+ affected via the RSYNC_ICONV environment variable.
+ .IP
+ For a list of what charset names your local iconv library supports, you can
+-run \(dq\&iconv \-\-list\(dq\&.
++run \(lqiconv \-\-list\(rq.
+ .IP
+ If you specify the \fB\-\-protect\-args\fP option (\fB\-s\fP), rsync will translate
+-the filenames you specify on the command\-line that are being sent to the
++the filenames you specify on the command-line that are being sent to the
+ remote host. See also the \fB\-\-files\-from\fP option.
+ .IP
+ Note that rsync does not do any conversion of names in filter files
+-(including include/exclude files). It is up to you to ensure that you\(cq\&re
++(including include/exclude files). It is up to you to ensure that you're
+ specifying matching rules that can match on both sides of the transfer.
+ For instance, you can specify extra include/exclude rules if there are
+ filename differences on the two sides that need to be accounted for.
+ .IP
+ When you pass an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option to an rsync daemon that allows it, the
+-daemon uses the charset specified in its \(dq\&charset\(dq\& configuration parameter
++daemon uses the charset specified in its \(lqcharset\(rq configuration parameter
+ regardless of the remote charset you actually pass. Thus, you may feel free to
+ specify just the local charset for a daemon transfer (e.g. \fB\-\-iconv=utf8\fP).
+ .IP
+@@ -2554,7 +2477,7 @@
+ run as a daemon with the \fB\-\-daemon\fP option. The \fB\-\-address\fP option
+ allows you to specify a specific IP address (or hostname) to bind to. This
+ makes virtual hosting possible in conjunction with the \fB\-\-config\fP option.
+-See also the \(dq\&address\(dq\& global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
++See also the \(lqaddress\(rq global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=KBPS\fP"
+ This option allows you to specify a maximum
+@@ -2567,7 +2490,7 @@
+ This specifies an alternate config file than
+ the default. This is only relevant when \fB\-\-daemon\fP is specified.
+ The default is /etc/rsyncd.conf unless the daemon is running over
+-a remote shell program and the remote user is not the super\-user; in that case
++a remote shell program and the remote user is not the super-user; in that case
+ the default is rsyncd.conf in the current directory (typically $HOME).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-no\-detach\fP"
+@@ -2575,7 +2498,7 @@
+ rsync to not detach itself and become a background process. This
+ option is required when running as a service on Cygwin, and may also
+ be useful when rsync is supervised by a program such as
+-\fBdaemontools\fP or AIX\(cq\&s \fBSystem Resource Controller\fP.
++\fBdaemontools\fP or AIX's \fBSystem Resource Controller\fP.
+ \fB\-\-no\-detach\fP is also recommended when rsync is run under a
+ debugger. This option has no effect if rsync is run from inetd or
+ sshd.
+@@ -2582,18 +2505,18 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+ This specifies an alternate TCP port number for the
+-daemon to listen on rather than the default of 873. See also the \(dq\&port\(dq\&
++daemon to listen on rather than the default of 873. See also the \(lqport\(rq
+ global option in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file=FILE\fP"
+ This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
+-given log\-file name instead of using the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting in the config
++given log-file name instead of using the \(lqlog file\(rq setting in the config
+ file.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-log\-file\-format=FORMAT\fP"
+ This option tells the rsync daemon to use the
+-given FORMAT string instead of using the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& setting in the config
+-file. It also enables \(dq\&transfer logging\(dq\& unless the string is empty, in which
++given FORMAT string instead of using the \(lqlog format\(rq setting in the config
++file. It also enables \(lqtransfer logging\(rq unless the string is empty, in which
+ case transfer logging is turned off.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-sockopts\fP"
+@@ -2603,8 +2526,8 @@
+ .IP "\fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP"
+ This option increases the amount of information the
+ daemon logs during its startup phase. After the client connects, the
+-daemon\(cq\&s verbosity level will be controlled by the options that the client
+-used and the \(dq\&max verbosity\(dq\& setting in the module\(cq\&s config section.
++daemon's verbosity level will be controlled by the options that the client
++used and the \(lqmax verbosity\(rq setting in the module's config section.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fB\-4, \-\-ipv4\fP or \fB\-6, \-\-ipv6\fP"
+ Tells rsync to prefer IPv4/IPv6
+@@ -2611,7 +2534,7 @@
+ when creating the incoming sockets that the rsync daemon will use to
+ listen for connections. One of these options may be required in older
+ versions of Linux to work around an IPv6 bug in the kernel (if you see
+-an \(dq\&address already in use\(dq\& error when nothing else is using the port,
++an \(lqaddress already in use\(rq error when nothing else is using the port,
+ try specifying \fB\-\-ipv6\fP or \fB\-\-ipv4\fP when starting the daemon).
+ .IP
+ If rsync was complied without support for IPv6, the \fB\-\-ipv6\fP option
+@@ -2639,7 +2562,7 @@
+ filename is not skipped.
+ .PP
+ Rsync builds an ordered list of filter rules as specified on the
+-command\-line. Filter rules have the following syntax:
++command-line. Filter rules have the following syntax:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWRULE [PATTERN_OR_FILENAME]\fP
+@@ -2650,7 +2573,7 @@
+
+ .PP
+ You have your choice of using either short or long RULE names, as described
+-below. If you use a short\-named rule, the \(cq\&,\(cq\& separating the RULE from the
++below. If you use a short-named rule, the \(oq,\(cq separating the RULE from the
+ MODIFIERS is optional. The PATTERN or FILENAME that follows (when present)
+ must come after either a single space or an underscore (_).
+ Here are the available rule prefixes:
+@@ -2660,9 +2583,9 @@
+ .br
+ \fBinclude, +\fP specifies an include pattern.
+ .br
+-\fBmerge, .\fP specifies a merge\-file to read for more rules.
++\fBmerge, .\fP specifies a merge-file to read for more rules.
+ .br
+-\fBdir\-merge, :\fP specifies a per\-directory merge\-file.
++\fBdir-merge, :\fP specifies a per-directory merge-file.
+ .br
+ \fBhide, H\fP specifies a pattern for hiding files from the transfer.
+ .br
+@@ -2678,15 +2601,15 @@
+
+ .PP
+ When rules are being read from a file, empty lines are ignored, as are
+-comment lines that start with a \(dq\&#\(dq\&.
++comment lines that start with a \(lq#\(rq.
+ .PP
+-Note that the \fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP command\-line options do not allow the
+-full range of rule parsing as described above \-\- they only allow the
+-specification of include/exclude patterns plus a \(dq\&!\(dq\& token to clear the
++Note that the \fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP command-line options do not allow the
++full range of rule parsing as described above \(em they only allow the
++specification of include/exclude patterns plus a \(lq!\(rq token to clear the
+ list (and the normal comment parsing when rules are read from a file).
+ If a pattern
+-does not begin with \(dq\&\- \(dq\& (dash, space) or \(dq\&+ \(dq\& (plus, space), then the
+-rule will be interpreted as if \(dq\&+ \(dq\& (for an include option) or \(dq\&\- \(dq\& (for
++does not begin with \(lq\- \(rq (dash, space) or \(lq+ \(rq (plus, space), then the
++rule will be interpreted as if \(lq+ \(rq (for an include option) or \(lq\- \(rq (for
+ an exclude option) were prefixed to the string. A \fB\-\-filter\fP option, on
+ the other hand, must always contain either a short or long rule name at the
+ start of the rule.
+@@ -2693,14 +2616,14 @@
+ .PP
+ Note also that the \fB\-\-filter\fP, \fB\-\-include\fP, and \fB\-\-exclude\fP options take one
+ rule/pattern each. To add multiple ones, you can repeat the options on
+-the command\-line, use the merge\-file syntax of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option, or
++the command-line, use the merge-file syntax of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option, or
+ the \fB\-\-include\-from\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\-from\fP options.
+ .PP
+ .SH "INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERN RULES"
+
+ .PP
+-You can include and exclude files by specifying patterns using the \(dq\&+\(dq\&,
+-\(dq\&\-\(dq\&, etc. filter rules (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above).
++You can include and exclude files by specifying patterns using the \(lq+\(rq,
++\(lq\-\(rq, etc. filter rules (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above).
+ The include/exclude rules each specify a pattern that is matched against
+ the names of the files that are going to be transferred. These patterns
+ can take several forms:
+@@ -2710,15 +2633,15 @@
+ particular spot in the hierarchy of files, otherwise it is matched
+ against the end of the pathname. This is similar to a leading ^ in
+ regular expressions.
+-Thus \(dq\&/foo\(dq\& would match a name of \(dq\&foo\(dq\& at either the \(dq\&root of the
+-transfer\(dq\& (for a global rule) or in the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory (for a
+-per\-directory rule).
+-An unqualified \(dq\&foo\(dq\& would match a name of \(dq\&foo\(dq\& anywhere in the
++Thus \(lq/foo\(rq would match a name of \(lqfoo\(rq at either the \(lqroot of the
++transfer\(rq (for a global rule) or in the merge-file's directory (for a
++per-directory rule).
++An unqualified \(lqfoo\(rq would match a name of \(lqfoo\(rq anywhere in the
+ tree because the algorithm is applied recursively from the
+ top down; it behaves as if each path component gets a turn at being the
+-end of the filename. Even the unanchored \(dq\&sub/foo\(dq\& would match at
+-any point in the hierarchy where a \(dq\&foo\(dq\& was found within a directory
+-named \(dq\&sub\(dq\&. See the section on ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS for
++end of the filename. Even the unanchored \(lqsub/foo\(rq would match at
++any point in the hierarchy where a \(lqfoo\(rq was found within a directory
++named \(lqsub\(rq. See the section on ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS for
+ a full discussion of how to specify a pattern that matches at the root
+ of the transfer.
+ .IP o
+@@ -2727,44 +2650,44 @@
+ .IP o
+ rsync chooses between doing a simple string match and wildcard
+ matching by checking if the pattern contains one of these three wildcard
+-characters: \(cq\&*\(cq\&, \(cq\&?\(cq\&, and \(cq\&[\(cq\& .
++characters: \(oq*\(cq, \(oq?\(cq, and \(oq[\(cq .
+ .IP o
+-a \(cq\&*\(cq\& matches any path component, but it stops at slashes.
++a \(oq*\(cq matches any path component, but it stops at slashes.
+ .IP o
+-use \(cq\&**\(cq\& to match anything, including slashes.
++use '**' to match anything, including slashes.
+ .IP o
+-a \(cq\&?\(cq\& matches any character except a slash (/).
++a \(oq?\(cq matches any character except a slash (/).
+ .IP o
+-a \(cq\&[\(cq\& introduces a character class, such as [a\-z] or [[:alpha:]].
++a \(oq[\(cq introduces a character class, such as [a\-z] or [[:alpha:]].
+ .IP o
+ in a wildcard pattern, a backslash can be used to escape a wildcard
+ character, but it is matched literally when no wildcards are present.
+ .IP o
+-if the pattern contains a / (not counting a trailing /) or a \(dq\&**\(dq\&,
++if the pattern contains a / (not counting a trailing /) or a \(lq**\(rq,
+ then it is matched against the full pathname, including any leading
+-directories. If the pattern doesn\(cq\&t contain a / or a \(dq\&**\(dq\&, then it is
++directories. If the pattern doesn't contain a / or a \(lq**\(rq, then it is
+ matched only against the final component of the filename.
+-(Remember that the algorithm is applied recursively so \(dq\&full filename\(dq\&
++(Remember that the algorithm is applied recursively so \(lqfull filename\(rq
+ can actually be any portion of a path from the starting directory on
+ down.)
+ .IP o
+-a trailing \(dq\&dir_name/***\(dq\& will match both the directory (as if
+-\(dq\&dir_name/\(dq\& had been specified) and everything in the directory
+-(as if \(dq\&dir_name/**\(dq\& had been specified). This behavior was added in
++a trailing \(lqdir_name/***\(rq will match both the directory (as if
++\(lqdir_name/\(rq had been specified) and everything in the directory
++(as if \(lqdir_name/**\(rq had been specified). This behavior was added in
+ version 2.6.7.
+
+ .PP
+ Note that, when using the \fB\-\-recursive\fP (\fB\-r\fP) option (which is implied by
+ \fB\-a\fP), every subcomponent of every path is visited from the top down, so
+-include/exclude patterns get applied recursively to each subcomponent\(cq\&s
+-full name (e.g. to include \(dq\&/foo/bar/baz\(dq\& the subcomponents \(dq\&/foo\(dq\& and
+-\(dq\&/foo/bar\(dq\& must not be excluded).
+-The exclude patterns actually short\-circuit the directory traversal stage
++include/exclude patterns get applied recursively to each subcomponent's
++full name (e.g. to include \(lq/foo/bar/baz\(rq the subcomponents \(lq/foo\(rq and
++\(lq/foo/bar\(rq must not be excluded).
++The exclude patterns actually short-circuit the directory traversal stage
+ when rsync finds the files to send. If a pattern excludes a particular
+ parent directory, it can render a deeper include pattern ineffectual
+ because rsync did not descend through that excluded section of the
+-hierarchy. This is particularly important when using a trailing \(cq\&*\(cq\& rule.
+-For instance, this won\(cq\&t work:
++hierarchy. This is particularly important when using a trailing \(oq*\(cq rule.
++For instance, this won't work:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CW+ /some/path/this\-file\-will\-not\-be\-found\fP
+@@ -2776,11 +2699,11 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+-This fails because the parent directory \(dq\&some\(dq\& is excluded by the \(cq\&*\(cq\&
+-rule, so rsync never visits any of the files in the \(dq\&some\(dq\& or \(dq\&some/path\(dq\&
++This fails because the parent directory \(lqsome\(rq is excluded by the \(oq*\(cq
++rule, so rsync never visits any of the files in the \(lqsome\(rq or \(lqsome/path\(rq
+ directories. One solution is to ask for all directories in the hierarchy
+-to be included by using a single rule: \(dq\&+ */\(dq\& (put it somewhere before the
+-\(dq\&\- *\(dq\& rule), and perhaps use the \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option. Another
++to be included by using a single rule: \(lq+ */\(rq (put it somewhere before the
++\(lq\- *\(rq rule), and perhaps use the \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option. Another
+ solution is to add specific include rules for all
+ the parent dirs that need to be visited. For instance, this set of rules
+ works fine:
+@@ -2802,44 +2725,44 @@
+ Here are some examples of exclude/include matching:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+-\(dq\&\- *.o\(dq\& would exclude all names matching *.o
++\(lq\- *.o\(rq would exclude all names matching *.o
+ .IP o
+-\(dq\&\- /foo\(dq\& would exclude a file (or directory) named foo in the
+-transfer\-root directory
++\(lq\- /foo\(rq would exclude a file (or directory) named foo in the
++transfer-root directory
+ .IP o
+-\(dq\&\- foo/\(dq\& would exclude any directory named foo
++\(lq\- foo/\(rq would exclude any directory named foo
+ .IP o
+-\(dq\&\- /foo/*/bar\(dq\& would exclude any file named bar which is at two
+-levels below a directory named foo in the transfer\-root directory
++\(lq\- /foo/*/bar\(rq would exclude any file named bar which is at two
++levels below a directory named foo in the transfer-root directory
+ .IP o
+-\(dq\&\- /foo/**/bar\(dq\& would exclude any file named bar two
+-or more levels below a directory named foo in the transfer\-root directory
++\(lq\- /foo/**/bar\(rq would exclude any file named bar two
++or more levels below a directory named foo in the transfer-root directory
+ .IP o
+-The combination of \(dq\&+ */\(dq\&, \(dq\&+ *.c\(dq\&, and \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& would include all
++The combination of \(lq+ */\(rq, \(lq+ *.c\(rq, and \(lq\- *\(rq would include all
+ directories and C source files but nothing else (see also the
+ \fB\-\-prune\-empty\-dirs\fP option)
+ .IP o
+-The combination of \(dq\&+ foo/\(dq\&, \(dq\&+ foo/bar.c\(dq\&, and \(dq\&\- *\(dq\& would include
++The combination of \(lq+ foo/\(rq, \(lq+ foo/bar.c\(rq, and \(lq\- *\(rq would include
+ only the foo directory and foo/bar.c (the foo directory must be
+-explicitly included or it would be excluded by the \(dq\&*\(dq\&)
++explicitly included or it would be excluded by the \(lq*\(rq)
+
+ .PP
+-The following modifiers are accepted after a \(dq\&+\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-\(dq\&:
++The following modifiers are accepted after a \(lq+\(rq or \(lq\-\(rq:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+ A \fB/\fP specifies that the include/exclude rule should be matched
+ against the absolute pathname of the current item. For example,
+-\(dq\&\-/ /etc/passwd\(dq\& would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer
+-was sending files from the \(dq\&/etc\(dq\& directory, and \(dq\&\-/ subdir/foo\(dq\&
+-would always exclude \(dq\&foo\(dq\& when it is in a dir named \(dq\&subdir\(dq\&, even
+-if \(dq\&foo\(dq\& is at the root of the current transfer.
++\(lq\-/ /etc/passwd\(rq would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer
++was sending files from the \(lq/etc\(rq directory, and \(lq\-/ subdir/foo\(rq
++would always exclude \(lqfoo\(rq when it is in a dir named \(lqsubdir\(rq, even
++if \(lqfoo\(rq is at the root of the current transfer.
+ .IP o
+ A \fB!\fP specifies that the include/exclude should take effect if
+-the pattern fails to match. For instance, \(dq\&\-! */\(dq\& would exclude all
+-non\-directories.
++the pattern fails to match. For instance, \(lq\-! */\(rq would exclude all
++non-directories.
+ .IP o
+-A \fBC\fP is used to indicate that all the global CVS\-exclude rules
+-should be inserted as excludes in place of the \(dq\&\-C\(dq\&. No arg should
++A \fBC\fP is used to indicate that all the global CVS-exclude rules
++should be inserted as excludes in place of the \(lq\-C\(rq. No arg should
+ follow.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBs\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the sending
+@@ -2846,39 +2769,39 @@
+ side. When a rule affects the sending side, it prevents files from
+ being transferred. The default is for a rule to affect both sides
+ unless \fB\-\-delete\-excluded\fP was specified, in which case default rules
+-become sender\-side only. See also the hide (H) and show (S) rules,
+-which are an alternate way to specify sending\-side includes/excludes.
++become sender-side only. See also the hide (H) and show (S) rules,
++which are an alternate way to specify sending-side includes/excludes.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBr\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the receiving
+ side. When a rule affects the receiving side, it prevents files from
+ being deleted. See the \fBs\fP modifier for more info. See also the
+ protect (P) and risk (R) rules, which are an alternate way to
+-specify receiver\-side includes/excludes.
++specify receiver-side includes/excludes.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBp\fP indicates that a rule is perishable, meaning that it is
+ ignored in directories that are being deleted. For instance, the \fB\-C\fP
+-option\(cq\&s default rules that exclude things like \(dq\&CVS\(dq\& and \(dq\&*.o\(dq\& are
++option's default rules that exclude things like \(lqCVS\(rq and \(lq*.o\(rq are
+ marked as perishable, and will not prevent a directory that was removed
+ on the source from being deleted on the destination.
+
+ .PP
+-.SH "MERGE\-FILE FILTER RULES"
++.SH "MERGE-FILE FILTER RULES"
+
+ .PP
+ You can merge whole files into your filter rules by specifying either a
+-merge (.) or a dir\-merge (:) filter rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES
++merge (.) or a dir-merge (:) filter rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES
+ section above).
+ .PP
+-There are two kinds of merged files \-\- single\-instance (\(cq\&.\(cq\&) and
+-per\-directory (\(cq\&:\(cq\&). A single\-instance merge file is read one time, and
+-its rules are incorporated into the filter list in the place of the \(dq\&.\(dq\&
+-rule. For per\-directory merge files, rsync will scan every directory that
++There are two kinds of merged files \(em single-instance (\(oq.\(cq) and
++per-directory (\(oq:\(cq). A single-instance merge file is read one time, and
++its rules are incorporated into the filter list in the place of the \(lq.\(rq
++rule. For per-directory merge files, rsync will scan every directory that
+ it traverses for the named file, merging its contents when the file exists
+-into the current list of inherited rules. These per\-directory rule files
++into the current list of inherited rules. These per-directory rule files
+ must be created on the sending side because it is the sending side that is
+ being scanned for the available files to transfer. These rule files may
+ also need to be transferred to the receiving side if you want them to
+-affect what files don\(cq\&t get deleted (see PER\-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE
++affect what files don't get deleted (see PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE
+ below).
+ .PP
+ Some examples:
+@@ -2897,60 +2820,56 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+-The following modifiers are accepted after a merge or dir\-merge rule:
++The following modifiers are accepted after a merge or dir-merge rule:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+ A \fB\-\fP specifies that the file should consist of only exclude
+-patterns, with no other rule\-parsing except for in\-file comments.
++patterns, with no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
+ .IP o
+ A \fB+\fP specifies that the file should consist of only include
+-patterns, with no other rule\-parsing except for in\-file comments.
++patterns, with no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
+ .IP o
+ A \fBC\fP is a way to specify that the file should be read in a
+-CVS\-compatible manner. This turns on \(cq\&n\(cq\&, \(cq\&w\(cq\&, and \(cq\&\-\(cq\&, but also
+-allows the list\-clearing token (!) to be specified. If no filename is
+-provided, \(dq\&.cvsignore\(dq\& is assumed.
++CVS-compatible manner. This turns on \(oqn\(cq, \(oqw\(cq, and '\-', but also
++allows the list-clearing token (!) to be specified. If no filename is
++provided, \(lq.cvsignore\(rq is assumed.
+ .IP o
+-A \fBe\fP will exclude the merge\-file name from the transfer; e.g.
+-\(dq\&dir\-merge,e .rules\(dq\& is like \(dq\&dir\-merge .rules\(dq\& and \(dq\&\- .rules\(dq\&.
++A \fBe\fP will exclude the merge-file name from the transfer; e.g.
++\(lqdir-merge,e .rules\(rq is like \(lqdir-merge .rules\(rq and \(lq\- .rules\(rq.
+ .IP o
+ An \fBn\fP specifies that the rules are not inherited by subdirectories.
+ .IP o
+-A \fBw\fP specifies that the rules are word\-split on whitespace instead
+-of the normal line\-splitting. This also turns off comments. Note: the
++A \fBw\fP specifies that the rules are word-split on whitespace instead
++of the normal line-splitting. This also turns off comments. Note: the
+ space that separates the prefix from the rule is treated specially, so
+-\(dq\&\- foo + bar\(dq\& is parsed as two rules (assuming that prefix\-parsing wasn\(cq\&t
++\(lq\- foo + bar\(rq is parsed as two rules (assuming that prefix-parsing wasn't
+ also disabled).
+ .IP o
+-You may also specify any of the modifiers for the \(dq\&+\(dq\& or \(dq\&\-\(dq\& rules
++You may also specify any of the modifiers for the \(lq+\(rq or \(lq\-\(rq rules
+ (above) in order to have the rules that are read in from the file
+-default to having that modifier set (except for the \fB!\fP modifier, which
+-would not be useful). For instance, \(dq\&merge,\-/ .excl\(dq\& would
+-treat the contents of .excl as absolute\-path excludes,
+-while \(dq\&dir\-merge,s .filt\(dq\& and \(dq\&:sC\(dq\& would each make all their
+-per\-directory rules apply only on the sending side. If the merge rule
+-specifies sides to affect (via the \fBs\fP or \fBr\fP modifier or both),
+-then the rules in the file must not specify sides (via a modifier or
+-a rule prefix such as \fBhide\fP).
++default to having that modifier set. For instance, \(lqmerge,\-/ .excl\(rq would
++treat the contents of .excl as absolute-path excludes,
++while \(lqdir-merge,s .filt\(rq and \(lq:sC\(rq would each make all their
++per-directory rules apply only on the sending side.
+
+ .PP
+-Per\-directory rules are inherited in all subdirectories of the directory
+-where the merge\-file was found unless the \(cq\&n\(cq\& modifier was used. Each
+-subdirectory\(cq\&s rules are prefixed to the inherited per\-directory rules
++Per-directory rules are inherited in all subdirectories of the directory
++where the merge-file was found unless the \(oqn\(cq modifier was used. Each
++subdirectory's rules are prefixed to the inherited per-directory rules
+ from its parents, which gives the newest rules a higher priority than the
+-inherited rules. The entire set of dir\-merge rules are grouped together in
+-the spot where the merge\-file was specified, so it is possible to override
+-dir\-merge rules via a rule that got specified earlier in the list of global
+-rules. When the list\-clearing rule (\(dq\&!\(dq\&) is read from a per\-directory
++inherited rules. The entire set of dir-merge rules are grouped together in
++the spot where the merge-file was specified, so it is possible to override
++dir-merge rules via a rule that got specified earlier in the list of global
++rules. When the list-clearing rule (\(lq!\(rq) is read from a per-directory
+ file, it only clears the inherited rules for the current merge file.
+ .PP
+-Another way to prevent a single rule from a dir\-merge file from being inherited is to
+-anchor it with a leading slash. Anchored rules in a per\-directory
+-merge\-file are relative to the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory, so a pattern \(dq\&/foo\(dq\&
+-would only match the file \(dq\&foo\(dq\& in the directory where the dir\-merge filter
++Another way to prevent a single rule from a dir-merge file from being inherited is to
++anchor it with a leading slash. Anchored rules in a per-directory
++merge-file are relative to the merge-file's directory, so a pattern \(lq/foo\(rq
++would only match the file \(lqfoo\(rq in the directory where the dir-merge filter
+ file was found.
+ .PP
+-Here\(cq\&s an example filter file which you\(cq\&d specify via \fB\-\-filter=\(dq\&. file\(dq\&:\fP
++Here's an example filter file which you'd specify via \fB\-\-filter=". file":\fP
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWmerge /home/user/.global\-filter\fP
+@@ -2967,18 +2886,18 @@
+
+ .PP
+ This will merge the contents of the /home/user/.global\-filter file at the
+-start of the list and also turns the \(dq\&.rules\(dq\& filename into a per\-directory
++start of the list and also turns the \(lq.rules\(rq filename into a per-directory
+ filter file. All rules read in prior to the start of the directory scan
+ follow the global anchoring rules (i.e. a leading slash matches at the root
+ of the transfer).
+ .PP
+-If a per\-directory merge\-file is specified with a path that is a parent
++If a per-directory merge-file is specified with a path that is a parent
+ directory of the first transfer directory, rsync will scan all the parent
+ dirs from that starting point to the transfer directory for the indicated
+-per\-directory file. For instance, here is a common filter (see \fB\-F\fP):
++per-directory file. For instance, here is a common filter (see \fB\-F\fP):
+ .PP
+ .RS
+-\f(CW\-\-filter='\&: /.rsync\-filter'\&\fP
++\f(CW\-\-filter=': /.rsync\-filter'\fP
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+@@ -2986,38 +2905,38 @@
+ directories from the root down through the parent directory of the
+ transfer prior to the start of the normal directory scan of the file in
+ the directories that are sent as a part of the transfer. (Note: for an
+-rsync daemon, the root is always the same as the module\(cq\&s \(dq\&path\(dq\&.)
++rsync daemon, the root is always the same as the module's \(lqpath\(rq.)
+ .PP
+-Some examples of this pre\-scanning for per\-directory files:
++Some examples of this pre-scanning for per-directory files:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ \f(CWrsync \-avF /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+-\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: ../../.rsync\-filter'\& /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': ../../.rsync\-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+-\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: .rsync\-filter'\& /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': .rsync\-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+-The first two commands above will look for \(dq\&.rsync\-filter\(dq\& in \(dq\&/\(dq\& and
+-\(dq\&/src\(dq\& before the normal scan begins looking for the file in \(dq\&/src/path\(dq\&
+-and its subdirectories. The last command avoids the parent\-dir scan
+-and only looks for the \(dq\&.rsync\-filter\(dq\& files in each directory that is
++The first two commands above will look for \(lq.rsync\-filter\(rq in \(lq/\(rq and
++\(lq/src\(rq before the normal scan begins looking for the file in \(lq/src/path\(rq
++and its subdirectories. The last command avoids the parent-dir scan
++and only looks for the \(lq.rsync\-filter\(rq files in each directory that is
+ a part of the transfer.
+ .PP
+-If you want to include the contents of a \(dq\&.cvsignore\(dq\& in your patterns,
+-you should use the rule \(dq\&:C\(dq\&, which creates a dir\-merge of the .cvsignore
+-file, but parsed in a CVS\-compatible manner. You can
+-use this to affect where the \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option\(cq\&s inclusion of the
+-per\-directory .cvsignore file gets placed into your rules by putting the
+-\(dq\&:C\(dq\& wherever you like in your filter rules. Without this, rsync would
+-add the dir\-merge rule for the .cvsignore file at the end of all your other
+-rules (giving it a lower priority than your command\-line rules). For
++If you want to include the contents of a \(lq.cvsignore\(rq in your patterns,
++you should use the rule \(lq:C\(rq, which creates a dir-merge of the .cvsignore
++file, but parsed in a CVS-compatible manner. You can
++use this to affect where the \fB\-\-cvs\-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option's inclusion of the
++per-directory .cvsignore file gets placed into your rules by putting the
++\(lq:C\(rq wherever you like in your filter rules. Without this, rsync would
++add the dir-merge rule for the .cvsignore file at the end of all your other
++rules (giving it a lower priority than your command-line rules). For
+ example:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+-\f(CWcat <<EOT | rsync \-avC \-\-filter='\&. \-'\& a/ b\fP
++\f(CWcat <<EOT | rsync \-avC \-\-filter='. \-' a/ b\fP
+ .br
+ \f(CW+ foo.o\fP
+ .br
+@@ -3027,49 +2946,49 @@
+ .br
+ \f(CWEOT\fP
+ .br
+-\f(CWrsync \-avC \-\-include=foo.o \-f :C \-\-exclude='\&*.old'\& a/ b\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-avC \-\-include=foo.o \-f :C \-\-exclude='*.old' a/ b\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+ Both of the above rsync commands are identical. Each one will merge all
+-the per\-directory .cvsignore rules in the middle of the list rather than
+-at the end. This allows their dir\-specific rules to supersede the rules
++the per-directory .cvsignore rules in the middle of the list rather than
++at the end. This allows their dir-specific rules to supersede the rules
+ that follow the :C instead of being subservient to all your rules. To
+ affect the other CVS exclude rules (i.e. the default list of exclusions,
+ the contents of $HOME/.cvsignore, and the value of $CVSIGNORE) you should
+-omit the \fB\-C\fP command\-line option and instead insert a \(dq\&\-C\(dq\& rule into
+-your filter rules; e.g. \(dq\&\fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP\(dq\&.
++omit the \fB\-C\fP command-line option and instead insert a \(lq\-C\(rq rule into
++your filter rules; e.g. \(lq\fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP\(rq.
+ .PP
+-.SH "LIST\-CLEARING FILTER RULE"
++.SH "LIST-CLEARING FILTER RULE"
+
+ .PP
+-You can clear the current include/exclude list by using the \(dq\&!\(dq\& filter
+-rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above). The \(dq\¤t\(dq\&
++You can clear the current include/exclude list by using the \(lq!\(rq filter
++rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES section above). The \(lqcurrent\(rq
+ list is either the global list of rules (if the rule is encountered while
+-parsing the filter options) or a set of per\-directory rules (which are
+-inherited in their own sub\-list, so a subdirectory can use this to clear
+-out the parent\(cq\&s rules).
++parsing the filter options) or a set of per-directory rules (which are
++inherited in their own sub-list, so a subdirectory can use this to clear
++out the parent's rules).
+ .PP
+ .SH "ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS"
+
+ .PP
+ As mentioned earlier, global include/exclude patterns are anchored at the
+-\(dq\&root of the transfer\(dq\& (as opposed to per\-directory patterns, which are
+-anchored at the merge\-file\(cq\&s directory). If you think of the transfer as
++\(lqroot of the transfer\(rq (as opposed to per-directory patterns, which are
++anchored at the merge-file's directory). If you think of the transfer as
+ a subtree of names that are being sent from sender to receiver, the
+-transfer\-root is where the tree starts to be duplicated in the destination
++transfer-root is where the tree starts to be duplicated in the destination
+ directory. This root governs where patterns that start with a / match.
+ .PP
+-Because the matching is relative to the transfer\-root, changing the
++Because the matching is relative to the transfer-root, changing the
+ trailing slash on a source path or changing your use of the \fB\-\-relative\fP
+ option affects the path you need to use in your matching (in addition to
+ changing how much of the file tree is duplicated on the destination
+ host). The following examples demonstrate this.
+ .PP
+-Let\(cq\&s say that we want to match two source files, one with an absolute
+-path of \(dq\&/home/me/foo/bar\(dq\&, and one with a path of \(dq\&/home/you/bar/baz\(dq\&.
+-Here is how the various command choices differ for a 2\-source transfer:
++Let's say that we want to match two source files, one with an absolute
++path of \(lq/home/me/foo/bar\(rq, and one with a path of \(lq/home/you/bar/baz\(rq.
++Here is how the various command choices differ for a 2-source transfer:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+ Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me /home/you /dest
+@@ -3088,9 +3007,9 @@
+ .RS
+ Example cmd: rsync \-a /home/me/ /home/you/ /dest
+ .br
+-+/\- pattern: /foo/bar (note missing \(dq\&me\(dq\&)
+++/\- pattern: /foo/bar (note missing \(lqme\(rq)
+ .br
+-+/\- pattern: /bar/baz (note missing \(dq\&you\(dq\&)
+++/\- pattern: /bar/baz (note missing \(lqyou\(rq)
+ .br
+ Target file: /dest/foo/bar
+ .br
+@@ -3129,28 +3048,28 @@
+ .PP
+ The easiest way to see what name you should filter is to just
+ look at the output when using \fB\-\-verbose\fP and put a / in front of the name
+-(use the \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP option if you\(cq\&re not yet ready to copy any files).
++(use the \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP option if you're not yet ready to copy any files).
+ .PP
+-.SH "PER\-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE"
++.SH "PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE"
+
+ .PP
+-Without a delete option, per\-directory rules are only relevant on the
++Without a delete option, per-directory rules are only relevant on the
+ sending side, so you can feel free to exclude the merge files themselves
+-without affecting the transfer. To make this easy, the \(cq\&e\(cq\& modifier adds
++without affecting the transfer. To make this easy, the \(oqe\(cq modifier adds
+ this exclude for you, as seen in these two equivalent commands:
+ .PP
+ .RS
+-\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&: .excl'\& \-\-exclude=.excl host:src/dir /dest\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=': .excl' \-\-exclude=.excl host:src/dir /dest\fP
+ .br
+-\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter='\&:e .excl'\& host:src/dir /dest\fP
++\f(CWrsync \-av \-\-filter=':e .excl' host:src/dir /dest\fP
+ .br
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+ However, if you want to do a delete on the receiving side AND you want some
+-files to be excluded from being deleted, you\(cq\&ll need to be sure that the
++files to be excluded from being deleted, you'll need to be sure that the
+ receiving side knows what files to exclude. The easiest way is to include
+-the per\-directory merge files in the transfer and use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP,
++the per-directory merge files in the transfer and use \fB\-\-delete\-after\fP,
+ because this ensures that the receiving side gets all the same exclude
+ rules as the sending side before it tries to delete anything:
+ .PP
+@@ -3159,14 +3078,14 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .PP
+-However, if the merge files are not a part of the transfer, you\(cq\&ll need to
++However, if the merge files are not a part of the transfer, you'll need to
+ either specify some global exclude rules (i.e. specified on the command
+-line), or you\(cq\&ll need to maintain your own per\-directory merge files on
++line), or you'll need to maintain your own per-directory merge files on
+ the receiving side. An example of the first is this (assume that the
+ remote .rules files exclude themselves):
+ .PP
+ .nf
+-rsync \-av \-\-filter=\(cq\&: .rules\(cq\& \-\-filter=\(cq\&. /my/extra.rules\(cq\&
++rsync \-av \-\-filter=': .rules' \-\-filter='. /my/extra.rules'
+ \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
+ .fi
+
+@@ -3174,17 +3093,17 @@
+ In the above example the extra.rules file can affect both sides of the
+ transfer, but (on the sending side) the rules are subservient to the rules
+ merged from the .rules files because they were specified after the
+-per\-directory merge rule.
++per-directory merge rule.
+ .PP
+ In one final example, the remote side is excluding the .rsync\-filter
+ files from the transfer, but we want to use our own .rsync\-filter files
+ to control what gets deleted on the receiving side. To do this we must
+-specifically exclude the per\-directory merge files (so that they don\(cq\&t get
++specifically exclude the per-directory merge files (so that they don't get
+ deleted) and then put rules into the local files to control what else
+ should not get deleted. Like one of these commands:
+ .PP
+ .nf
+- rsync \-av \-\-filter='\&:e /.rsync\-filter'\& \-\-delete \e
++ rsync \-av \-\-filter=':e /.rsync\-filter' \-\-delete \e
+ host:src/dir /dest
+ rsync \-avFF \-\-delete host:src/dir /dest
+ .fi
+@@ -3198,9 +3117,9 @@
+ number of hosts. Now suppose some changes have been made to this
+ source tree and those changes need to be propagated to the other
+ hosts. In order to do this using batch mode, rsync is run with the
+-write\-batch option to apply the changes made to the source tree to one
+-of the destination trees. The write\-batch option causes the rsync
+-client to store in a \(dq\&batch file\(dq\& all the information needed to repeat
++write-batch option to apply the changes made to the source tree to one
++of the destination trees. The write-batch option causes the rsync
++client to store in a \(lqbatch file\(rq all the information needed to repeat
+ this operation against other, identical destination trees.
+ .PP
+ Generating the batch file once saves having to perform the file
+@@ -3210,15 +3129,15 @@
+ at once, instead of sending the same data to every host individually.
+ .PP
+ To apply the recorded changes to another destination tree, run rsync
+-with the read\-batch option, specifying the name of the same batch
++with the read-batch option, specifying the name of the same batch
+ file, and the destination tree. Rsync updates the destination tree
+ using the information stored in the batch file.
+ .PP
+-For your convenience, a script file is also created when the write\-batch
+-option is used: it will be named the same as the batch file with \(dq\&.sh\(dq\&
+-appended. This script file contains a command\-line suitable for updating a
++For your convenience, a script file is also created when the write-batch
++option is used: it will be named the same as the batch file with \(lq.sh\(rq
++appended. This script file contains a command-line suitable for updating a
+ destination tree using the associated batch file. It can be executed using
+-a Bourne (or Bourne\-like) shell, optionally passing in an alternate
++a Bourne (or Bourne-like) shell, optionally passing in an alternate
+ destination tree pathname which is then used instead of the original
+ destination path. This is useful when the destination tree path on the
+ current host differs from the one used to create the batch file.
+@@ -3244,47 +3163,47 @@
+
+ .PP
+ In these examples, rsync is used to update /adest/dir/ from /source/dir/
+-and the information to repeat this operation is stored in \(dq\&foo\(dq\& and
+-\(dq\&foo.sh\(dq\&. The host \(dq\&remote\(dq\& is then updated with the batched data going
++and the information to repeat this operation is stored in \(lqfoo\(rq and
++\(lqfoo.sh\(rq. The host \(lqremote\(rq is then updated with the batched data going
+ into the directory /bdest/dir. The differences between the two examples
+ reveals some of the flexibility you have in how you deal with batches:
+ .PP
+ .IP o
+-The first example shows that the initial copy doesn\(cq\&t have to be
+-local \-\- you can push or pull data to/from a remote host using either the
+-remote\-shell syntax or rsync daemon syntax, as desired.
++The first example shows that the initial copy doesn't have to be
++local \(em you can push or pull data to/from a remote host using either the
++remote-shell syntax or rsync daemon syntax, as desired.
+ .IP o
+-The first example uses the created \(dq\&foo.sh\(dq\& file to get the right
+-rsync options when running the read\-batch command on the remote host.
++The first example uses the created \(lqfoo.sh\(rq file to get the right
++rsync options when running the read-batch command on the remote host.
+ .IP o
+ The second example reads the batch data via standard input so that
+-the batch file doesn\(cq\&t need to be copied to the remote machine first.
++the batch file doesn't need to be copied to the remote machine first.
+ This example avoids the foo.sh script because it needed to use a modified
+ \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP option, but you could edit the script file if you wished to
+ make use of it (just be sure that no other option is trying to use
+-standard input, such as the \(dq\&\fB\-\-exclude\-from=\-\fP\(dq\& option).
++standard input, such as the \(lq\fB\-\-exclude\-from=\-\fP\(rq option).
+
+ .PP
+ Caveats:
+ .PP
+-The read\-batch option expects the destination tree that it is updating
++The read-batch option expects the destination tree that it is updating
+ to be identical to the destination tree that was used to create the
+ batch update fileset. When a difference between the destination trees
+ is encountered the update might be discarded with a warning (if the file
+-appears to be up\-to\-date already) or the file\-update may be attempted
++appears to be up-to-date already) or the file-update may be attempted
+ and then, if the file fails to verify, the update discarded with an
+-error. This means that it should be safe to re\-run a read\-batch operation
+-if the command got interrupted. If you wish to force the batched\-update to
+-always be attempted regardless of the file\(cq\&s size and date, use the \fB\-I\fP
++error. This means that it should be safe to re-run a read-batch operation
++if the command got interrupted. If you wish to force the batched-update to
++always be attempted regardless of the file's size and date, use the \fB\-I\fP
+ option (when reading the batch).
+ If an error occurs, the destination tree will probably be in a
+ partially updated state. In that case, rsync can
+-be used in its regular (non\-batch) mode of operation to fix up the
++be used in its regular (non-batch) mode of operation to fix up the
+ destination tree.
+ .PP
+ The rsync version used on all destinations must be at least as new as the
+ one used to generate the batch file. Rsync will die with an error if the
+-protocol version in the batch file is too new for the batch\-reading rsync
++protocol version in the batch file is too new for the batch-reading rsync
+ to handle. See also the \fB\-\-protocol\fP option for a way to have the
+ creating rsync generate a batch file that an older rsync can understand.
+ (Note that batch files changed format in version 2.6.3, so mixing versions
+@@ -3291,8 +3210,8 @@
+ older than that with newer versions will not work.)
+ .PP
+ When reading a batch file, rsync will force the value of certain options
+-to match the data in the batch file if you didn\(cq\&t set them to the same
+-as the batch\-writing command. Other options can (and should) be changed.
++to match the data in the batch file if you didn't set them to the same
++as the batch-writing command. Other options can (and should) be changed.
+ For instance \fB\-\-write\-batch\fP changes to \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP,
+ \fB\-\-files\-from\fP is dropped, and the
+ \fB\-\-filter\fP/\fB\-\-include\fP/\fB\-\-exclude\fP options are not needed unless
+@@ -3299,13 +3218,13 @@
+ one of the \fB\-\-delete\fP options is specified.
+ .PP
+ The code that creates the BATCH.sh file transforms any filter/include/exclude
+-options into a single list that is appended as a \(dq\&here\(dq\& document to the
++options into a single list that is appended as a \(lqhere\(rq document to the
+ shell script file. An advanced user can use this to modify the exclude
+ list if a change in what gets deleted by \fB\-\-delete\fP is desired. A normal
+ user can ignore this detail and just use the shell script as an easy way
+ to run the appropriate \fB\-\-read\-batch\fP command for the batched data.
+ .PP
+-The original batch mode in rsync was based on \(dq\&rsync+\(dq\&, but the latest
++The original batch mode in rsync was based on \(lqrsync+\(rq, but the latest
+ version uses a new implementation.
+ .PP
+ .SH "SYMBOLIC LINKS"
+@@ -3315,18 +3234,18 @@
+ link in the source directory.
+ .PP
+ By default, symbolic links are not transferred at all. A message
+-\(dq\&skipping non\-regular\(dq\& file is emitted for any symlinks that exist.
++\(lqskipping non-regular\(rq file is emitted for any symlinks that exist.
+ .PP
+ If \fB\-\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are recreated with the same
+ target on the destination. Note that \fB\-\-archive\fP implies
+ \fB\-\-links\fP.
+ .PP
+-If \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are \(dq\&collapsed\(dq\& by
++If \fB\-\-copy\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are \(lqcollapsed\(rq by
+ copying their referent, rather than the symlink.
+ .PP
+-Rsync can also distinguish \(dq\&safe\(dq\& and \(dq\&unsafe\(dq\& symbolic links. An
+-example where this might be used is a web site mirror that wishes to
+-ensure that the rsync module that is copied does not include symbolic links to
++rsync also distinguishes \(lqsafe\(rq and \(lqunsafe\(rq symbolic links. An
++example where this might be used is a web site mirror that wishes
++ensure the rsync module they copy does not include symbolic links to
+ \fB/etc/passwd\fP in the public section of the site. Using
+ \fB\-\-copy\-unsafe\-links\fP will cause any links to be copied as the file
+ they point to on the destination. Using \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP will cause
+@@ -3334,11 +3253,11 @@
+ \fB\-\-links\fP for \fB\-\-safe\-links\fP to have any effect.)
+ .PP
+ Symbolic links are considered unsafe if they are absolute symlinks
+-(start with \fB/\fP), empty, or if they contain enough \(dq\&..\(dq\&
++(start with \fB/\fP), empty, or if they contain enough \(lq..\(rq
+ components to ascend from the directory being copied.
+ .PP
+-Here\(cq\&s a summary of how the symlink options are interpreted. The list is
+-in order of precedence, so if your combination of options isn\(cq\&t mentioned,
++Here's a summary of how the symlink options are interpreted. The list is
++in order of precedence, so if your combination of options isn't mentioned,
+ use the first line that is a complete subset of your options:
+ .PP
+ .IP "\fB\-\-copy\-links\fP"
+@@ -3364,8 +3283,8 @@
+
+ .PP
+ rsync occasionally produces error messages that may seem a little
+-cryptic. The one that seems to cause the most confusion is \(dq\&protocol
+-version mismatch \-\- is your shell clean?\(dq\&.
++cryptic. The one that seems to cause the most confusion is \(lqprotocol
++version mismatch \(em is your shell clean?\(rq.
+ .PP
+ This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell
+ facility producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using
+@@ -3383,7 +3302,7 @@
+ data. Look at the contents and try to work out what is producing
+ it. The most common cause is incorrectly configured shell startup
+ scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that contain output statements
+-for non\-interactive logins.
++for non-interactive logins.
+ .PP
+ If you are having trouble debugging filter patterns, then
+ try specifying the \fB\-vv\fP option. At this level of verbosity rsync will
+@@ -3402,13 +3321,13 @@
+ Errors selecting input/output files, dirs
+ .IP "\fB4\fP"
+ Requested action not supported: an attempt
+-was made to manipulate 64\-bit files on a platform that cannot support
++was made to manipulate 64-bit files on a platform that cannot support
+ them; or an option was specified that is supported by the client and
+ not by the server.
+ .IP "\fB5\fP"
+-Error starting client\-server protocol
++Error starting client-server protocol
+ .IP "\fB6\fP"
+-Daemon unable to append to log\-file
++Daemon unable to append to log-file
+ .IP "\fB10\fP"
+ Error in socket I/O
+ .IP "\fB11\fP"
+@@ -3447,7 +3366,7 @@
+ more details.
+ .IP "\fBRSYNC_ICONV\fP"
+ Specify a default \fB\-\-iconv\fP setting using this
+-environment variable. (First supported in 3.0.0.)
++environment variable.
+ .IP "\fBRSYNC_RSH\fP"
+ The RSYNC_RSH environment variable allows you to
+ override the default shell used as the transport for rsync. Command line
+@@ -3461,13 +3380,13 @@
+ password allows you to run authenticated rsync connections to an rsync
+ daemon without user intervention. Note that this does not supply a
+ password to a remote shell transport such as ssh; to learn how to do that,
+-consult the remote shell\(cq\&s documentation.
++consult the remote shell's documentation.
+ .IP "\fBUSER\fP or \fBLOGNAME\fP"
+ The USER or LOGNAME environment variables
+ are used to determine the default username sent to an rsync daemon.
+-If neither is set, the username defaults to \(dq\&nobody\(dq\&.
++If neither is set, the username defaults to \(lqnobody\(rq.
+ .IP "\fBHOME\fP"
+-The HOME environment variable is used to find the user\(cq\&s
++The HOME environment variable is used to find the user's
+ default .cvsignore file.
+
+ .PP
+@@ -3486,7 +3405,7 @@
+ .PP
+ times are transferred as *nix time_t values
+ .PP
+-When transferring to FAT filesystems rsync may re\-sync
++When transferring to FAT filesystems rsync may re-sync
+ unmodified files.
+ See the comments on the \fB\-\-modify\-window\fP option.
+ .PP
+@@ -3501,7 +3420,7 @@
+ .SH "VERSION"
+
+ .PP
+-This man page is current for version 3.0.8 of rsync.
++This man page is current for version 3.0.6 of rsync.
+ .PP
+ .SH "INTERNAL OPTIONS"
+
+@@ -3522,7 +3441,7 @@
+ .PP
+ A WEB site is available at
+ http://rsync.samba.org/. The site
+-includes an FAQ\-O\-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this
++includes an FAQ-O-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this
+ manual page.
+ .PP
+ The primary ftp site for rsync is
+@@ -3529,20 +3448,20 @@
+ ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync.
+ .PP
+ We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
+-Please contact the mailing\-list at [email protected].
++Please contact the mailing-list at [email protected].
+ .PP
+ This program uses the excellent zlib compression library written by
+-Jean\-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
++Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
+ .PP
+ .SH "THANKS"
+
+ .PP
+-Special thanks go out to: John Van Essen, Matt McCutchen, Wesley W. Terpstra,
++Especial thanks go out to: John Van Essen, Matt McCutchen, Wesley W. Terpstra,
+ David Dykstra, Jos Backus, Sebastian Krahmer, Martin Pool, and our
+-gone\-but\-not\-forgotten compadre, J.W. Schultz.
++gone-but-not-forgotten compadre, J.W. Schultz.
+ .PP
+ Thanks also to Richard Brent, Brendan Mackay, Bill Waite, Stephen Rothwell
+-and David Bell. I\(cq\&ve probably missed some people, my apologies if I have.
++and David Bell. I've probably missed some people, my apologies if I have.
+ .PP
+ .SH "AUTHOR"
+
--- a/components/rsync/patches/rsyncd.conf.5.patch Fri Jun 10 14:01:58 2011 -0700
+++ b/components/rsync/patches/rsyncd.conf.5.patch Mon Jun 13 22:11:06 2011 -0700
@@ -1,1282 +1,803 @@
-*** rsync-3.0.6/rsyncd.conf.5 Fri May 8 10:41:20 2009
---- rsync-3.0.8/rsyncd.conf.5 Sat Mar 26 14:37:52 2011
-***************
-*** 1,4 ****
-! .TH "rsyncd.conf" "5" "8 May 2009" "" ""
- .SH "NAME"
- rsyncd.conf \(em configuration file for rsync in daemon mode
- .SH "SYNOPSIS"
---- 1,4 ----
-! .TH "rsyncd.conf" "5" "26 Mar 2011" "" ""
- .SH "NAME"
- rsyncd.conf \(em configuration file for rsync in daemon mode
- .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-***************
-*** 20,28 ****
- .PP
- The file consists of modules and parameters. A module begins with the
- name of the module in square brackets and continues until the next
-! module begins. Modules contain parameters of the form \(lqname = value\(rq.
- .PP
-! The file is line-based \(em that is, each newline-terminated line represents
- either a comment, a module name or a parameter.
- .PP
- Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace before
---- 20,28 ----
- .PP
- The file consists of modules and parameters. A module begins with the
- name of the module in square brackets and continues until the next
-! module begins. Modules contain parameters of the form \(dq\&name = value\(dq\&.
- .PP
-! The file is line\-based \-\- that is, each newline\-terminated line represents
- either a comment, a module name or a parameter.
- .PP
- Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace before
-***************
-*** 34,40 ****
- Any line beginning with a hash (#) is ignored, as are lines containing
- only whitespace.
- .PP
-! Any line ending in a \e is \(lqcontinued\(rq on the next line in the
- customary UNIX fashion.
- .PP
- The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a string
---- 34,40 ----
- Any line beginning with a hash (#) is ignored, as are lines containing
- only whitespace.
- .PP
-! Any line ending in a \e is \(dq\&continued\(dq\& on the next line in the
- customary UNIX fashion.
- .PP
- The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a string
-***************
-*** 53,61 ****
- file ownership. Otherwise, it must just have permission to read and
- write the appropriate data, log, and lock files.
- .PP
-! You can launch it either via inetd, as a stand-alone daemon, or from
-! an rsync client via a remote shell. If run as a stand-alone daemon then
-! just run the command \(lq\fBrsync \-\-daemon\fP\(rq from a suitable startup script.
- .PP
- When run via inetd you should add a line like this to /etc/services:
- .PP
---- 53,61 ----
- file ownership. Otherwise, it must just have permission to read and
- write the appropriate data, log, and lock files.
- .PP
-! You can launch it either via inetd, as a stand\-alone daemon, or from
-! an rsync client via a remote shell. If run as a stand\-alone daemon then
-! just run the command \(dq\&\fBrsync \-\-daemon\fP\(dq\& from a suitable startup script.
- .PP
- When run via inetd you should add a line like this to /etc/services:
- .PP
-***************
-*** 71,82 ****
- .fi
-
- .PP
-! Replace \(lq/usr/bin/rsync\(rq with the path to where you have rsync installed on
- your system. You will then need to send inetd a HUP signal to tell it to
- reread its config file.
- .PP
- Note that you should \fBnot\fP send the rsync daemon a HUP signal to force
-! it to reread the \f(CWrsyncd.conf\fP file. The file is re-read on each client
- connection.
- .PP
- .SH "GLOBAL PARAMETERS"
---- 71,82 ----
- .fi
-
- .PP
-! Replace \(dq\&/usr/bin/rsync\(dq\& with the path to where you have rsync installed on
- your system. You will then need to send inetd a HUP signal to tell it to
- reread its config file.
- .PP
- Note that you should \fBnot\fP send the rsync daemon a HUP signal to force
-! it to reread the \f(CWrsyncd.conf\fP file. The file is re\-read on each client
- connection.
- .PP
- .SH "GLOBAL PARAMETERS"
-***************
-*** 91,97 ****
- .PP
- .IP "\fBmotd file\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a
-! \(lqmessage of the day\(rq to display to clients on each connect. This
- usually contains site information and any legal notices. The default
- is no motd file.
- .IP
---- 91,97 ----
- .PP
- .IP "\fBmotd file\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a
-! \(dq\&message of the day\(dq\& to display to clients on each connect. This
- usually contains site information and any legal notices. The default
- is no motd file.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 103,114 ****
- .IP "\fBport\fP"
- You can override the default port the daemon will listen on
- by specifying this value (defaults to 873). This is ignored if the daemon
-! is being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-port\fP command-line option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBaddress\fP"
- You can override the default IP address the daemon
- will listen on by specifying this value. This is ignored if the daemon is
-! being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-address\fP command-line option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBsocket options\fP"
- This parameter can provide endless fun for people
---- 103,114 ----
- .IP "\fBport\fP"
- You can override the default port the daemon will listen on
- by specifying this value (defaults to 873). This is ignored if the daemon
-! is being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-port\fP command\-line option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBaddress\fP"
- You can override the default IP address the daemon
- will listen on by specifying this value. This is ignored if the daemon is
-! being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-address\fP command\-line option.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBsocket options\fP"
- This parameter can provide endless fun for people
-***************
-*** 119,125 ****
- system call for
- details on some of the options you may be able to set. By default no
- special socket options are set. These settings can also be specified
-! via the \fB\-\-sockopts\fP command-line option.
- .IP
- .SH "MODULE PARAMETERS"
-
---- 119,125 ----
- system call for
- details on some of the options you may be able to set. By default no
- special socket options are set. These settings can also be specified
-! via the \fB\-\-sockopts\fP command\-line option.
- .IP
- .SH "MODULE PARAMETERS"
-
-***************
-*** 139,182 ****
- of available modules. The default is no comment.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBpath\fP"
-! This parameter specifies the directory in the daemon's
- filesystem to make available in this module. You must specify this parameter
- for each module in \f(CWrsyncd.conf\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBuse chroot\fP"
-! If \(lquse chroot\(rq is true, the rsync daemon will chroot
-! to the \(lqpath\(rq before starting the file transfer with the client. This has
- the advantage of extra protection against possible implementation security
-! holes, but it has the disadvantages of requiring super-user privileges,
- of not being able to follow symbolic links that are either absolute or outside
- of the new root path, and of complicating the preservation of users and groups
- by name (see below).
- .IP
-! As an additional safety feature, you can specify a dot-dir in the module's
-! \(lqpath\(rq to indicate the point where the chroot should occur. This allows rsync
-! to run in a chroot with a non\-"/\(rq path for the top of the transfer hierarchy.
- Doing this guards against unintended library loading (since those absolute
- paths will not be inside the transfer hierarchy unless you have used an unwise
- pathname), and lets you setup libraries for the chroot that are outside of the
-! transfer. For example, specifying \(lq/var/rsync/./module1\(rq will chroot to the
-! \(lq/var/rsync\(rq directory and set the inside-chroot path to \(lq/module1\(rq. If you
-! had omitted the dot-dir, the chroot would have used the whole path, and the
-! inside-chroot path would have been \(lq/\(rq.
- .IP
-! When \(lquse chroot\(rq is false or the inside-chroot path is not \(lq/\(rq, rsync will:
- (1) munge symlinks by
-! default for security reasons (see \(lqmunge symlinks\(rq for a way to turn this
- off, but only if you trust your users), (2) substitute leading slashes in
-! absolute paths with the module's path (so that options such as
- \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP, etc. interpret an absolute path as
-! rooted in the module's \(lqpath\(rq dir), and (3) trim \(lq..\(rq path elements from
- args if rsync believes they would escape the module hierarchy.
-! The default for \(lquse chroot\(rq is true, and is the safer choice (especially
-! if the module is not read-only).
- .IP
- When this parameter is enabled, rsync will not attempt to map users and groups
- by name (by default), but instead copy IDs as though \fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP had
-! been specified. In order to enable name-mapping, rsync needs to be able to
- use the standard library functions for looking up names and IDs (i.e.
- \f(CWgetpwuid()\fP
- ,
---- 139,182 ----
- of available modules. The default is no comment.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBpath\fP"
-! This parameter specifies the directory in the daemon\(cq\&s
- filesystem to make available in this module. You must specify this parameter
- for each module in \f(CWrsyncd.conf\fP.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBuse chroot\fP"
-! If \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is true, the rsync daemon will chroot
-! to the \(dq\&path\(dq\& before starting the file transfer with the client. This has
- the advantage of extra protection against possible implementation security
-! holes, but it has the disadvantages of requiring super\-user privileges,
- of not being able to follow symbolic links that are either absolute or outside
- of the new root path, and of complicating the preservation of users and groups
- by name (see below).
- .IP
-! As an additional safety feature, you can specify a dot\-dir in the module\(cq\&s
-! \(dq\&path\(dq\& to indicate the point where the chroot should occur. This allows rsync
-! to run in a chroot with a non\-\(dq\&/\(dq\& path for the top of the transfer hierarchy.
- Doing this guards against unintended library loading (since those absolute
- paths will not be inside the transfer hierarchy unless you have used an unwise
- pathname), and lets you setup libraries for the chroot that are outside of the
-! transfer. For example, specifying \(dq\&/var/rsync/./module1\(dq\& will chroot to the
-! \(dq\&/var/rsync\(dq\& directory and set the inside\-chroot path to \(dq\&/module1\(dq\&. If you
-! had omitted the dot\-dir, the chroot would have used the whole path, and the
-! inside\-chroot path would have been \(dq\&/\(dq\&.
- .IP
-! When \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is false or the inside\-chroot path is not \(dq\&/\(dq\&, rsync will:
- (1) munge symlinks by
-! default for security reasons (see \(dq\&munge symlinks\(dq\& for a way to turn this
- off, but only if you trust your users), (2) substitute leading slashes in
-! absolute paths with the module\(cq\&s path (so that options such as
- \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP, etc. interpret an absolute path as
-! rooted in the module\(cq\&s \(dq\&path\(dq\& dir), and (3) trim \(dq\&..\(dq\& path elements from
- args if rsync believes they would escape the module hierarchy.
-! The default for \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is true, and is the safer choice (especially
-! if the module is not read\-only).
- .IP
- When this parameter is enabled, rsync will not attempt to map users and groups
- by name (by default), but instead copy IDs as though \fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP had
-! been specified. In order to enable name\-mapping, rsync needs to be able to
- use the standard library functions for looking up names and IDs (i.e.
- \f(CWgetpwuid()\fP
- ,
-***************
-*** 191,202 ****
- used by these library functions (traditionally /etc/passwd and
- /etc/group, but perhaps additional dynamic libraries as well).
- .IP
-! If you copy the necessary resources into the module's chroot area, you
-! should protect them through your OS's normal user/group or ACL settings (to
-! prevent the rsync module's user from being able to change them), and then
-! hide them from the user's view via \(lqexclude\(rq (see how in the discussion of
- that parameter). At that point it will be safe to enable the mapping of users
-! and groups by name using the \(lqnumeric ids\(rq daemon parameter (see below).
- .IP
- Note also that you are free to setup custom user/group information in the
- chroot area that is different from your normal system. For example, you
---- 191,202 ----
- used by these library functions (traditionally /etc/passwd and
- /etc/group, but perhaps additional dynamic libraries as well).
- .IP
-! If you copy the necessary resources into the module\(cq\&s chroot area, you
-! should protect them through your OS\(cq\&s normal user/group or ACL settings (to
-! prevent the rsync module\(cq\&s user from being able to change them), and then
-! hide them from the user\(cq\&s view via \(dq\&exclude\(dq\& (see how in the discussion of
- that parameter). At that point it will be safe to enable the mapping of users
-! and groups by name using the \(dq\&numeric ids\(dq\& daemon parameter (see below).
- .IP
- Note also that you are free to setup custom user/group information in the
- chroot area that is different from your normal system. For example, you
-***************
-*** 205,216 ****
- .IP "\fBnumeric ids\fP"
- Enabling this parameter disables the mapping
- of users and groups by name for the current daemon module. This prevents
-! the daemon from trying to load any user/group-related files or libraries.
- This enabling makes the transfer behave as if the client had passed
-! the \fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP command-line option. By default, this parameter is
-! enabled for chroot modules and disabled for non-chroot modules.
- .IP
-! A chroot-enabled module should not have this parameter enabled unless you've
- taken steps to ensure that the module has the necessary resources it needs
- to translate names, and that it is not possible for a user to change those
- resources.
---- 205,216 ----
- .IP "\fBnumeric ids\fP"
- Enabling this parameter disables the mapping
- of users and groups by name for the current daemon module. This prevents
-! the daemon from trying to load any user/group\-related files or libraries.
- This enabling makes the transfer behave as if the client had passed
-! the \fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP command\-line option. By default, this parameter is
-! enabled for chroot modules and disabled for non\-chroot modules.
- .IP
-! A chroot\-enabled module should not have this parameter enabled unless you\(cq\&ve
- taken steps to ensure that the module has the necessary resources it needs
- to translate names, and that it is not possible for a user to change those
- resources.
-***************
-*** 219,270 ****
- This parameter tells rsync to modify
- all incoming symlinks in a way that makes them unusable but recoverable
- (see below). This should help protect your files from user trickery when
-! your daemon module is writable. The default is disabled when \(lquse chroot\(rq
-! is on and the inside-chroot path is \(lq/\(rq, otherwise it is enabled.
- .IP
-! If you disable this parameter on a daemon that is not read-only, there
- are tricks that a user can play with uploaded symlinks to access
-! daemon-excluded items (if your module has any), and, if \(lquse chroot\(rq
- is off, rsync can even be tricked into showing or changing data that
-! is outside the module's path (as access-permissions allow).
- .IP
- The way rsync disables the use of symlinks is to prefix each one with
-! the string \(lq/rsyncd-munged/\(rq. This prevents the links from being used
- as long as that directory does not exist. When this parameter is enabled,
- rsync will refuse to run if that path is a directory or a symlink to
-! a directory. When using the \(lqmunge symlinks\(rq parameter in a chroot area
-! that has an inside-chroot path of \(lq/\(rq, you should add \(lq/rsyncd-munged/\(rq
- to the exclude setting for the module so that
-! a user can't try to create it.
- .IP
-! Note: rsync makes no attempt to verify that any pre-existing symlinks in
-! the module's hierarchy are as safe as you want them to be (unless, of
- course, it just copied in the whole hierarchy). If you setup an rsync
- daemon on a new area or locally add symlinks, you can manually protect your
-! symlinks from being abused by prefixing \(lq/rsyncd-munged/\(rq to the start of
-! every symlink's value. There is a perl script in the support directory
-! of the source code named \(lqmunge-symlinks\(rq that can be used to add or remove
- this prefix from your symlinks.
- .IP
-! When this parameter is disabled on a writable module and \(lquse chroot\(rq is off
-! (or the inside-chroot path is not \(lq/\(rq),
-! incoming symlinks will be modified to drop a leading slash and to remove \(lq..\(rq
-! path elements that rsync believes will allow a symlink to escape the module's
- hierarchy. There are tricky ways to work around this, though, so you had
- better trust your users if you choose this combination of parameters.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBcharset\fP"
- This specifies the name of the character set in which the
-! module's filenames are stored. If the client uses an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option,
-! the daemon will use the value of the \(lqcharset\(rq parameter regardless of the
- character set the client actually passed. This allows the daemon to
- support charset conversion in a chroot module without extra files in the
-! chroot area, and also ensures that name-translation is done in a consistent
-! manner. If the \(lqcharset\(rq parameter is not set, the \fB\-\-iconv\fP option is
-! refused, just as if \(lqiconv\(rq had been specified via \(lqrefuse options\(rq.
- .IP
- If you wish to force users to always use \fB\-\-iconv\fP for a particular
-! module, add \(lqno-iconv\(rq to the \(lqrefuse options\(rq parameter. Keep in mind
- that this will restrict access to your module to very new rsync clients.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBmax connections\fP"
---- 219,270 ----
- This parameter tells rsync to modify
- all incoming symlinks in a way that makes them unusable but recoverable
- (see below). This should help protect your files from user trickery when
-! your daemon module is writable. The default is disabled when \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\&
-! is on and the inside\-chroot path is \(dq\&/\(dq\&, otherwise it is enabled.
- .IP
-! If you disable this parameter on a daemon that is not read\-only, there
- are tricks that a user can play with uploaded symlinks to access
-! daemon\-excluded items (if your module has any), and, if \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\&
- is off, rsync can even be tricked into showing or changing data that
-! is outside the module\(cq\&s path (as access\-permissions allow).
- .IP
- The way rsync disables the use of symlinks is to prefix each one with
-! the string \(dq\&/rsyncd\-munged/\(dq\&. This prevents the links from being used
- as long as that directory does not exist. When this parameter is enabled,
- rsync will refuse to run if that path is a directory or a symlink to
-! a directory. When using the \(dq\&munge symlinks\(dq\& parameter in a chroot area
-! that has an inside\-chroot path of \(dq\&/\(dq\&, you should add \(dq\&/rsyncd\-munged/\(dq\&
- to the exclude setting for the module so that
-! a user can\(cq\&t try to create it.
- .IP
-! Note: rsync makes no attempt to verify that any pre\-existing symlinks in
-! the module\(cq\&s hierarchy are as safe as you want them to be (unless, of
- course, it just copied in the whole hierarchy). If you setup an rsync
- daemon on a new area or locally add symlinks, you can manually protect your
-! symlinks from being abused by prefixing \(dq\&/rsyncd\-munged/\(dq\& to the start of
-! every symlink\(cq\&s value. There is a perl script in the support directory
-! of the source code named \(dq\&munge\-symlinks\(dq\& that can be used to add or remove
- this prefix from your symlinks.
- .IP
-! When this parameter is disabled on a writable module and \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is off
-! (or the inside\-chroot path is not \(dq\&/\(dq\&),
-! incoming symlinks will be modified to drop a leading slash and to remove \(dq\&..\(dq\&
-! path elements that rsync believes will allow a symlink to escape the module\(cq\&s
- hierarchy. There are tricky ways to work around this, though, so you had
- better trust your users if you choose this combination of parameters.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBcharset\fP"
- This specifies the name of the character set in which the
-! module\(cq\&s filenames are stored. If the client uses an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option,
-! the daemon will use the value of the \(dq\&charset\(dq\& parameter regardless of the
- character set the client actually passed. This allows the daemon to
- support charset conversion in a chroot module without extra files in the
-! chroot area, and also ensures that name\-translation is done in a consistent
-! manner. If the \(dq\&charset\(dq\& parameter is not set, the \fB\-\-iconv\fP option is
-! refused, just as if \(dq\&iconv\(dq\& had been specified via \(dq\&refuse options\(dq\&.
- .IP
- If you wish to force users to always use \fB\-\-iconv\fP for a particular
-! module, add \(dq\&no\-iconv\(dq\& to the \(dq\&refuse options\(dq\& parameter. Keep in mind
- that this will restrict access to your module to very new rsync clients.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBmax connections\fP"
-***************
-*** 273,293 ****
- Any clients connecting when the maximum has been reached will receive a
- message telling them to try later. The default is 0, which means no limit.
- A negative value disables the module.
-! See also the \(lqlock file\(rq parameter.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBlog file\fP"
-! When the \(lqlog file\(rq parameter is set to a non-empty
- string, the rsync daemon will log messages to the indicated file rather
- than using syslog. This is particularly useful on systems (such as AIX)
- where
- \f(CWsyslog()\fP
-! doesn't work for chrooted programs. The file is
- opened before
- \f(CWchroot()\fP
- is called, allowing it to be placed outside
-! the transfer. If this value is set on a per-module basis instead of
- globally, the global log will still contain any authorization failures
-! or config-file error messages.
- .IP
- If the daemon fails to open the specified file, it will fall back to
- using syslog and output an error about the failure. (Note that the
---- 273,293 ----
- Any clients connecting when the maximum has been reached will receive a
- message telling them to try later. The default is 0, which means no limit.
- A negative value disables the module.
-! See also the \(dq\&lock file\(dq\& parameter.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBlog file\fP"
-! When the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& parameter is set to a non\-empty
- string, the rsync daemon will log messages to the indicated file rather
- than using syslog. This is particularly useful on systems (such as AIX)
- where
- \f(CWsyslog()\fP
-! doesn\(cq\&t work for chrooted programs. The file is
- opened before
- \f(CWchroot()\fP
- is called, allowing it to be placed outside
-! the transfer. If this value is set on a per\-module basis instead of
- globally, the global log will still contain any authorization failures
-! or config\-file error messages.
- .IP
- If the daemon fails to open the specified file, it will fall back to
- using syslog and output an error about the failure. (Note that the
-***************
-*** 300,318 ****
- defined on your system. Common names are auth, authpriv, cron, daemon,
- ftp, kern, lpr, mail, news, security, syslog, user, uucp, local0,
- local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 and local7. The default
-! is daemon. This setting has no effect if the \(lqlog file\(rq setting is a
-! non-empty string (either set in the per-modules settings, or inherited
- from the global settings).
- .IP
- .IP "\fBmax verbosity\fP"
- This parameter allows you to control
-! the maximum amount of verbose information that you'll allow the daemon to
- generate (since the information goes into the log file). The default is 1,
- which allows the client to request one level of verbosity.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBlock file\fP"
- This parameter specifies the file to use to
-! support the \(lqmax connections\(rq parameter. The rsync daemon uses record
- locking on this file to ensure that the max connections limit is not
- exceeded for the modules sharing the lock file.
- The default is \f(CW/var/run/rsyncd.lock\fP.
---- 300,318 ----
- defined on your system. Common names are auth, authpriv, cron, daemon,
- ftp, kern, lpr, mail, news, security, syslog, user, uucp, local0,
- local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 and local7. The default
-! is daemon. This setting has no effect if the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting is a
-! non\-empty string (either set in the per\-modules settings, or inherited
- from the global settings).
- .IP
- .IP "\fBmax verbosity\fP"
- This parameter allows you to control
-! the maximum amount of verbose information that you\(cq\&ll allow the daemon to
- generate (since the information goes into the log file). The default is 1,
- which allows the client to request one level of verbosity.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBlock file\fP"
- This parameter specifies the file to use to
-! support the \(dq\&max connections\(dq\& parameter. The rsync daemon uses record
- locking on this file to ensure that the max connections limit is not
- exceeded for the modules sharing the lock file.
- The default is \f(CW/var/run/rsyncd.lock\fP.
-***************
-*** 319,333 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fBread only\fP"
- This parameter determines whether clients
-! will be able to upload files or not. If \(lqread only\(rq is true then any
-! attempted uploads will fail. If \(lqread only\(rq is false then uploads will
- be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The default
- is for all modules to be read only.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBwrite only\fP"
- This parameter determines whether clients
-! will be able to download files or not. If \(lqwrite only\(rq is true then any
-! attempted downloads will fail. If \(lqwrite only\(rq is false then downloads
- will be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The
- default is for this parameter to be disabled.
- .IP
---- 319,333 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fBread only\fP"
- This parameter determines whether clients
-! will be able to upload files or not. If \(dq\&read only\(dq\& is true then any
-! attempted uploads will fail. If \(dq\&read only\(dq\& is false then uploads will
- be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The default
- is for all modules to be read only.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBwrite only\fP"
- This parameter determines whether clients
-! will be able to download files or not. If \(dq\&write only\(dq\& is true then any
-! attempted downloads will fail. If \(dq\&write only\(dq\& is false then downloads
- will be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The
- default is for this parameter to be disabled.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 340,358 ****
- .IP "\fBuid\fP"
- This parameter specifies the user name or user ID that
- file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon
-! was run as root. In combination with the \(lqgid\(rq parameter this determines what
- file permissions are available. The default is uid \-2, which is normally
-! the user \(lqnobody\(rq.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBgid\fP"
- This parameter specifies the group name or group ID that
- file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon
-! was run as root. This complements the \(lquid\(rq parameter. The default is gid \-2,
-! which is normally the group \(lqnobody\(rq.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBfake super\fP"
-! Setting \(lqfake super = yes\(rq for a module causes the
-! daemon side to behave as if the \fB\-\-fake\-user\fP command-line option had
- been specified. This allows the full attributes of a file to be stored
- without having to have the daemon actually running as root.
- .IP
---- 340,358 ----
- .IP "\fBuid\fP"
- This parameter specifies the user name or user ID that
- file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon
-! was run as root. In combination with the \(dq\&gid\(dq\& parameter this determines what
- file permissions are available. The default is uid \-2, which is normally
-! the user \(dq\&nobody\(dq\&.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBgid\fP"
- This parameter specifies the group name or group ID that
- file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon
-! was run as root. This complements the \(dq\&uid\(dq\& parameter. The default is gid \-2,
-! which is normally the group \(dq\&nobody\(dq\&.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBfake super\fP"
-! Setting \(dq\&fake super = yes\(dq\& for a module causes the
-! daemon side to behave as if the \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP command\-line option had
- been specified. This allows the full attributes of a file to be stored
- without having to have the daemon actually running as root.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 360,366 ****
- The daemon has its own filter chain that determines what files
- it will let the client access. This chain is not sent to the client and is
- independent of any filters the client may have specified. Files excluded by
-! the daemon filter chain (\fBdaemon-excluded\fP files) are treated as non-existent
- if the client tries to pull them, are skipped with an error message if the
- client tries to push them (triggering exit code 23), and are never deleted from
- the module. You can use daemon filters to prevent clients from downloading or
---- 360,366 ----
- The daemon has its own filter chain that determines what files
- it will let the client access. This chain is not sent to the client and is
- independent of any filters the client may have specified. Files excluded by
-! the daemon filter chain (\fBdaemon\-excluded\fP files) are treated as non\-existent
- if the client tries to pull them, are skipped with an error message if the
- client tries to push them (triggering exit code 23), and are never deleted from
- the module. You can use daemon filters to prevent clients from downloading or
-***************
-*** 367,421 ****
- tampering with private administrative files, such as files you may add to
- support uid/gid name translations.
- .IP
-! The daemon filter chain is built from the \(lqfilter\(rq, \(lqinclude from\(rq, \(lqinclude\(rq,
-! \(lqexclude from\(rq, and \(lqexclude\(rq parameters, in that order of priority. Anchored
- patterns are anchored at the root of the module. To prevent access to an
-! entire subtree, for example, \(lq/secret\(rq, you \fImust\fP exclude everything in the
-! subtree; the easiest way to do this is with a triple-star pattern like
-! \(lq/secret/***\(rq.
- .IP
-! The \(lqfilter\(rq parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon filter rules,
- though it is smart enough to know not to split a token at an internal space in
-! a rule (e.g. \(lq\- /foo \(em /bar\(rq is parsed as two rules). You may specify one or
-! more merge-file rules using the normal syntax. Only one \(lqfilter\(rq parameter can
- apply to a given module in the config file, so put all the rules you want in a
-! single parameter. Note that per-directory merge-file rules do not provide as
- much protection as global rules, but they can be used to make \fB\-\-delete\fP work
-! better during a client download operation if the per-dir merge files are
- included in the transfer and the client requests that they be used.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBexclude\fP"
-! This parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon
- exclude patterns. As with the client \fB\-\-exclude\fP option, patterns can be
-! qualified with \(lq\- \(rq or \(lq+ \(rq to explicitly indicate exclude/include. Only one
-! \(lqexclude\(rq parameter can apply to a given module. See the \(lqfilter\(rq parameter
- for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBinclude\fP"
-! Use an \(lqinclude\(rq to override the effects of the \(lqexclude\(rq
-! parameter. Only one \(lqinclude\(rq parameter can apply to a given module. See the
-! \(lqfilter\(rq parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBexclude from\fP"
- This parameter specifies the name of a file
- on the daemon that contains daemon exclude patterns, one per line. Only one
-! \(lqexclude from\(rq parameter can apply to a given module; if you have multiple
-! exclude-from files, you can specify them as a merge file in the \(lqfilter\(rq
-! parameter. See the \(lqfilter\(rq parameter for a description of how excluded files
- affect the daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBinclude from\fP"
-! Analogue of \(lqexclude from\(rq for a file of daemon include
-! patterns. Only one \(lqinclude from\(rq parameter can apply to a given module. See
-! the \(lqfilter\(rq parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the
- daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBincoming chmod\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a set of
-! comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
- incoming files (files that are being received by the daemon). These
- changes happen after all other permission calculations, and this will
-! even override destination-default and/or existing permissions when the
- client does not specify \fB\-\-perms\fP.
- See the description of the \fB\-\-chmod\fP rsync option and the \fBchmod\fP(1)
- manpage for information on the format of this string.
---- 367,421 ----
- tampering with private administrative files, such as files you may add to
- support uid/gid name translations.
- .IP
-! The daemon filter chain is built from the \(dq\&filter\(dq\&, \(dq\&include from\(dq\&, \(dq\&include\(dq\&,
-! \(dq\&exclude from\(dq\&, and \(dq\&exclude\(dq\& parameters, in that order of priority. Anchored
- patterns are anchored at the root of the module. To prevent access to an
-! entire subtree, for example, \(dq\&/secret\(dq\&, you \fImust\fP exclude everything in the
-! subtree; the easiest way to do this is with a triple\-star pattern like
-! \(dq\&/secret/***\(dq\&.
- .IP
-! The \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter takes a space\-separated list of daemon filter rules,
- though it is smart enough to know not to split a token at an internal space in
-! a rule (e.g. \(dq\&\- /foo \(em /bar\(dq\& is parsed as two rules). You may specify one or
-! more merge\-file rules using the normal syntax. Only one \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter can
- apply to a given module in the config file, so put all the rules you want in a
-! single parameter. Note that per\-directory merge\-file rules do not provide as
- much protection as global rules, but they can be used to make \fB\-\-delete\fP work
-! better during a client download operation if the per\-dir merge files are
- included in the transfer and the client requests that they be used.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBexclude\fP"
-! This parameter takes a space\-separated list of daemon
- exclude patterns. As with the client \fB\-\-exclude\fP option, patterns can be
-! qualified with \(dq\&\- \(dq\& or \(dq\&+ \(dq\& to explicitly indicate exclude/include. Only one
-! \(dq\&exclude\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module. See the \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter
- for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBinclude\fP"
-! Use an \(dq\&include\(dq\& to override the effects of the \(dq\&exclude\(dq\&
-! parameter. Only one \(dq\&include\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module. See the
-! \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBexclude from\fP"
- This parameter specifies the name of a file
- on the daemon that contains daemon exclude patterns, one per line. Only one
-! \(dq\&exclude from\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module; if you have multiple
-! exclude\-from files, you can specify them as a merge file in the \(dq\&filter\(dq\&
-! parameter. See the \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter for a description of how excluded files
- affect the daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBinclude from\fP"
-! Analogue of \(dq\&exclude from\(dq\& for a file of daemon include
-! patterns. Only one \(dq\&include from\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module. See
-! the \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the
- daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBincoming chmod\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a set of
-! comma\-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
- incoming files (files that are being received by the daemon). These
- changes happen after all other permission calculations, and this will
-! even override destination\-default and/or existing permissions when the
- client does not specify \fB\-\-perms\fP.
- See the description of the \fB\-\-chmod\fP rsync option and the \fBchmod\fP(1)
- manpage for information on the format of this string.
-***************
-*** 422,428 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fBoutgoing chmod\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a set of
-! comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
- outgoing files (files that are being sent out from the daemon). These
- changes happen first, making the sent permissions appear to be different
- than those stored in the filesystem itself. For instance, you could
---- 422,428 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fBoutgoing chmod\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a set of
-! comma\-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
- outgoing files (files that are being sent out from the daemon). These
- changes happen first, making the sent permissions appear to be different
- than those stored in the filesystem itself. For instance, you could
-***************
-*** 433,473 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fBauth users\fP"
- This parameter specifies a comma and
-! space-separated list of usernames that will be allowed to connect to
- this module. The usernames do not need to exist on the local
- system. The usernames may also contain shell wildcard characters. If
-! \(lqauth users\(rq is set then the client will be challenged to supply a
- username and password to connect to the module. A challenge response
- authentication protocol is used for this exchange. The plain text
- usernames and passwords are stored in the file specified by the
-! \(lqsecrets file\(rq parameter. The default is for all users to be able to
-! connect without a password (this is called \(lqanonymous rsync\(rq).
- .IP
-! See also the \(lqCONNECTING TO AN RSYNC DAEMON OVER A REMOTE SHELL
-! PROGRAM\(rq section in \fBrsync\fP(1) for information on how handle an
-! rsyncd.conf\-level username that differs from the remote-shell-level
- username when using a remote shell to connect to an rsync daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBsecrets file\fP"
- This parameter specifies the name of
- a file that contains the username:password pairs used for
-! authenticating this module. This file is only consulted if the \(lqauth
-! users\(rq parameter is specified. The file is line based and contains
- username:password pairs separated by a single colon. Any line starting
- with a hash (#) is considered a comment and is skipped. The passwords
- can contain any characters but be warned that many operating systems
- limit the length of passwords that can be typed at the client end, so
-! you may find that passwords longer than 8 characters don't work.
- .IP
-! There is no default for the \(lqsecrets file\(rq parameter, you must choose a name
- (such as \f(CW/etc/rsyncd.secrets\fP). The file must normally not be readable
-! by \(lqother\(rq; see \(lqstrict modes\(rq.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBstrict modes\fP"
- This parameter determines whether or not
-! the permissions on the secrets file will be checked. If \(lqstrict modes\(rq is
- true, then the secrets file must not be readable by any user ID other
-! than the one that the rsync daemon is running under. If \(lqstrict modes\(rq is
- false, the check is not performed. The default is true. This parameter
- was added to accommodate rsync running on the Windows operating system.
- .IP
---- 433,473 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fBauth users\fP"
- This parameter specifies a comma and
-! space\-separated list of usernames that will be allowed to connect to
- this module. The usernames do not need to exist on the local
- system. The usernames may also contain shell wildcard characters. If
-! \(dq\&auth users\(dq\& is set then the client will be challenged to supply a
- username and password to connect to the module. A challenge response
- authentication protocol is used for this exchange. The plain text
- usernames and passwords are stored in the file specified by the
-! \(dq\&secrets file\(dq\& parameter. The default is for all users to be able to
-! connect without a password (this is called \(dq\&anonymous rsync\(dq\&).
- .IP
-! See also the section entitled \(dq\&USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE
-! SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& in \fBrsync\fP(1) for information on how handle an
-! rsyncd.conf\-level username that differs from the remote\-shell\-level
- username when using a remote shell to connect to an rsync daemon.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBsecrets file\fP"
- This parameter specifies the name of
- a file that contains the username:password pairs used for
-! authenticating this module. This file is only consulted if the \(dq\&auth
-! users\(dq\& parameter is specified. The file is line based and contains
- username:password pairs separated by a single colon. Any line starting
- with a hash (#) is considered a comment and is skipped. The passwords
- can contain any characters but be warned that many operating systems
- limit the length of passwords that can be typed at the client end, so
-! you may find that passwords longer than 8 characters don\(cq\&t work.
- .IP
-! There is no default for the \(dq\&secrets file\(dq\& parameter, you must choose a name
- (such as \f(CW/etc/rsyncd.secrets\fP). The file must normally not be readable
-! by \(dq\&other\(dq\&; see \(dq\&strict modes\(dq\&.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBstrict modes\fP"
- This parameter determines whether or not
-! the permissions on the secrets file will be checked. If \(dq\&strict modes\(dq\& is
- true, then the secrets file must not be readable by any user ID other
-! than the one that the rsync daemon is running under. If \(dq\&strict modes\(dq\& is
- false, the check is not performed. The default is true. This parameter
- was added to accommodate rsync running on the Windows operating system.
- .IP
-***************
-*** 482,488 ****
- .RS
- .IP o
- a dotted decimal IPv4 address of the form a.b.c.d, or an IPv6 address
-! of the form a:b:c::d:e:f. In this case the incoming machine's IP address
- must match exactly.
- .IP o
- an address/mask in the form ipaddr/n where ipaddr is the IP address
---- 482,488 ----
- .RS
- .IP o
- a dotted decimal IPv4 address of the form a.b.c.d, or an IPv6 address
-! of the form a:b:c::d:e:f. In this case the incoming machine\(cq\&s IP address
- must match exactly.
- .IP o
- an address/mask in the form ipaddr/n where ipaddr is the IP address
-***************
-*** 504,510 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! Note IPv6 link-local addresses can have a scope in the address specification:
- .IP
- .RS
- \f(CW fe80::1%link1\fP
---- 504,510 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! Note IPv6 link\-local addresses can have a scope in the address specification:
- .IP
- .RS
- \f(CW fe80::1%link1\fP
-***************
-*** 516,538 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! You can also combine \(lqhosts allow\(rq with a separate \(lqhosts deny\(rq
-! parameter. If both parameters are specified then the \(lqhosts allow\(rq parameter is
- checked first and a match results in the client being able to
-! connect. The \(lqhosts deny\(rq parameter is then checked and a match means
- that the host is rejected. If the host does not match either the
-! \(lqhosts allow\(rq or the \(lqhosts deny\(rq patterns then it is allowed to
- connect.
- .IP
-! The default is no \(lqhosts allow\(rq parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBhosts deny\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a
- list of patterns that are matched against a connecting clients
- hostname and IP address. If the pattern matches then the connection is
-! rejected. See the \(lqhosts allow\(rq parameter for more information.
- .IP
-! The default is no \(lqhosts deny\(rq parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBignore errors\fP"
- This parameter tells rsyncd to
---- 516,538 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! You can also combine \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& with a separate \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\&
-! parameter. If both parameters are specified then the \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& parameter is
- checked first and a match results in the client being able to
-! connect. The \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\& parameter is then checked and a match means
- that the host is rejected. If the host does not match either the
-! \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& or the \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\& patterns then it is allowed to
- connect.
- .IP
-! The default is no \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBhosts deny\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify a
- list of patterns that are matched against a connecting clients
- hostname and IP address. If the pattern matches then the connection is
-! rejected. See the \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& parameter for more information.
- .IP
-! The default is no \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\& parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBignore errors\fP"
- This parameter tells rsyncd to
-***************
-*** 546,577 ****
- .IP "\fBignore nonreadable\fP"
- This tells the rsync daemon to completely
- ignore files that are not readable by the user. This is useful for
-! public archives that may have some non-readable files among the
-! directories, and the sysadmin doesn't want those files to be seen at all.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBtransfer logging\fP"
-! This parameter enables per-file
- logging of downloads and uploads in a format somewhat similar to that
- used by ftp daemons. The daemon always logs the transfer at the end, so
- if a transfer is aborted, no mention will be made in the log file.
- .IP
-! If you want to customize the log lines, see the \(lqlog format\(rq parameter.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBlog format\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify the
- format used for logging file transfers when transfer logging is enabled.
-! The format is a text string containing embedded single-character escape
- sequences prefixed with a percent (%) character. An optional numeric
- field width may also be specified between the percent and the escape
-! letter (e.g. \(lq\fB%\-50n %8l %07p\fP\(rq).
- .IP
-! The default log format is \(lq%o %h [%a] %m (%u) %f %l\(rq, and a \(lq%t [%p] \(rq
-! is always prefixed when using the \(lqlog file\(rq parameter.
- (A perl script that will summarize this default log format is included
-! in the rsync source code distribution in the \(lqsupport\(rq subdirectory:
- rsyncstats.)
- .IP
-! The single-character escapes that are understood are as follows:
- .IP
- .RS
- .IP o
---- 546,577 ----
- .IP "\fBignore nonreadable\fP"
- This tells the rsync daemon to completely
- ignore files that are not readable by the user. This is useful for
-! public archives that may have some non\-readable files among the
-! directories, and the sysadmin doesn\(cq\&t want those files to be seen at all.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBtransfer logging\fP"
-! This parameter enables per\-file
- logging of downloads and uploads in a format somewhat similar to that
- used by ftp daemons. The daemon always logs the transfer at the end, so
- if a transfer is aborted, no mention will be made in the log file.
- .IP
-! If you want to customize the log lines, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& parameter.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBlog format\fP"
- This parameter allows you to specify the
- format used for logging file transfers when transfer logging is enabled.
-! The format is a text string containing embedded single\-character escape
- sequences prefixed with a percent (%) character. An optional numeric
- field width may also be specified between the percent and the escape
-! letter (e.g. \(dq\&\fB%\-50n %8l %07p\fP\(dq\&).
- .IP
-! The default log format is \(dq\&%o %h [%a] %m (%u) %f %l\(dq\&, and a \(dq\&%t [%p] \(dq\&
-! is always prefixed when using the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& parameter.
- (A perl script that will summarize this default log format is included
-! in the rsync source code distribution in the \(dq\&support\(dq\& subdirectory:
- rsyncstats.)
- .IP
-! The single\-character escapes that are understood are as follows:
- .IP
- .RS
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 583,591 ****
- .IP o
- %c the total size of the block checksums received for the basis file (only when sending)
- .IP o
-! %f the filename (long form on sender; no trailing \(lq/\(rq)
- .IP o
-! %G the gid of the file (decimal) or \(lqDEFAULT\(rq
- .IP o
- %h the remote host name
- .IP o
---- 583,591 ----
- .IP o
- %c the total size of the block checksums received for the basis file (only when sending)
- .IP o
-! %f the filename (long form on sender; no trailing \(dq\&/\(dq\&)
- .IP o
-! %G the gid of the file (decimal) or \(dq\&DEFAULT\(dq\&
- .IP o
- %h the remote host name
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 593,607 ****
- .IP o
- %l the length of the file in bytes
- .IP o
-! %L the string \(lq \-> SYMLINK\(rq, \(lq => HARDLINK\(rq, or \(lq\(rq (where \fBSYMLINK\fP or \fBHARDLINK\fP is a filename)
- .IP o
- %m the module name
- .IP o
-! %M the last-modified time of the file
- .IP o
-! %n the filename (short form; trailing \(lq/\(rq on dir)
- .IP o
-! %o the operation, which is \(lqsend\(rq, \(lqrecv\(rq, or \(lqdel.\(rq (the latter includes the trailing period)
- .IP o
- %p the process ID of this rsync session
- .IP o
---- 593,607 ----
- .IP o
- %l the length of the file in bytes
- .IP o
-! %L the string \(dq\& \-> SYMLINK\(dq\&, \(dq\& => HARDLINK\(dq\&, or \(dq\&\(dq\& (where \fBSYMLINK\fP or \fBHARDLINK\fP is a filename)
- .IP o
- %m the module name
- .IP o
-! %M the last\-modified time of the file
- .IP o
-! %n the filename (short form; trailing \(dq\&/\(dq\& on dir)
- .IP o
-! %o the operation, which is \(dq\&send\(dq\&, \(dq\&recv\(dq\&, or \(dq\&del.\(dq\& (the latter includes the trailing period)
- .IP o
- %p the process ID of this rsync session
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 615,621 ****
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! For a list of what the characters mean that are output by \(lq%i\(rq, see the
- \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option in the rsync manpage.
- .IP
- Note that some of the logged output changes when talking with older
---- 615,621 ----
- .RE
-
- .IP
-! For a list of what the characters mean that are output by \(dq\&%i\(dq\&, see the
- \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option in the rsync manpage.
- .IP
- Note that some of the logged output changes when talking with older
-***************
-*** 625,631 ****
- .IP "\fBtimeout\fP"
- This parameter allows you to override the
- clients choice for I/O timeout for this module. Using this parameter you
-! can ensure that rsync won't wait on a dead client forever. The timeout
- is specified in seconds. A value of zero means no timeout and is the
- default. A good choice for anonymous rsync daemons may be 600 (giving
- a 10 minute timeout).
---- 625,631 ----
- .IP "\fBtimeout\fP"
- This parameter allows you to override the
- clients choice for I/O timeout for this module. Using this parameter you
-! can ensure that rsync won\(cq\&t wait on a dead client forever. The timeout
- is specified in seconds. A value of zero means no timeout and is the
- default. A good choice for anonymous rsync daemons may be 600 (giving
- a 10 minute timeout).
-***************
-*** 632,641 ****
- .IP
- .IP "\fBrefuse options\fP"
- This parameter allows you to
-! specify a space-separated list of rsync command line options that will
- be refused by your rsync daemon.
-! You may specify the full option name, its one-letter abbreviation, or a
-! wild-card string that matches multiple options.
- For example, this would refuse \fB\-\-checksum\fP (\fB\-c\fP) and all the various
- delete options:
- .IP
---- 632,641 ----
- .IP
- .IP "\fBrefuse options\fP"
- This parameter allows you to
-! specify a space\-separated list of rsync command line options that will
- be refused by your rsync daemon.
-! You may specify the full option name, its one\-letter abbreviation, or a
-! wild\-card string that matches multiple options.
- For example, this would refuse \fB\-\-checksum\fP (\fB\-c\fP) and all the various
- delete options:
- .IP
-***************
-*** 646,660 ****
- .IP
- The reason the above refuses all delete options is that the options imply
- \fB\-\-delete\fP, and implied options are refused just like explicit options.
-! As an additional safety feature, the refusal of \(lqdelete\(rq also refuses
-! \fBremove-source-files\fP when the daemon is the sender; if you want the latter
-! without the former, instead refuse \(lqdelete\-*\(rq \(em that refuses all the
- delete modes without affecting \fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP.
- .IP
- When an option is refused, the daemon prints an error message and exits.
- To prevent all compression when serving files,
-! you can use \(lqdont compress = *\(rq (see below)
-! instead of \(lqrefuse options = compress\(rq to avoid returning an error to a
- client that requests compression.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBdont compress\fP"
---- 646,660 ----
- .IP
- The reason the above refuses all delete options is that the options imply
- \fB\-\-delete\fP, and implied options are refused just like explicit options.
-! As an additional safety feature, the refusal of \(dq\&delete\(dq\& also refuses
-! \fBremove\-source\-files\fP when the daemon is the sender; if you want the latter
-! without the former, instead refuse \(dq\&delete\-*\(dq\& \-\- that refuses all the
- delete modes without affecting \fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP.
- .IP
- When an option is refused, the daemon prints an error message and exits.
- To prevent all compression when serving files,
-! you can use \(dq\&dont compress = *\(dq\& (see below)
-! instead of \(dq\&refuse options = compress\(dq\& to avoid returning an error to a
- client that requests compression.
- .IP
- .IP "\fBdont compress\fP"
-***************
-*** 663,687 ****
- when pulling files from the daemon (no analogous parameter exists to
- govern the pushing of files to a daemon).
- Compression is expensive in terms of CPU usage, so it
-! is usually good to not try to compress files that won't compress well,
- such as already compressed files.
- .IP
-! The \(lqdont compress\(rq parameter takes a space-separated list of
-! case-insensitive wildcard patterns. Any source filename matching one
- of the patterns will not be compressed during transfer.
- .IP
- See the \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP parameter in the \fBrsync\fP(1) manpage for the list
- of file suffixes that are not compressed by default. Specifying a value
-! for the \(lqdont compress\(rq parameter changes the default when the daemon is
- the sender.
- .IP
-! .IP "\fBpre-xfer exec\fP, \fBpost-xfer exec\fP"
- You may specify a command to be run
-! before and/or after the transfer. If the \fBpre-xfer exec\fP command fails, the
- transfer is aborted before it begins.
- .IP
- The following environment variables will be set, though some are
-! specific to the pre-xfer or the post-xfer environment:
- .IP
- .RS
- .IP o
---- 663,687 ----
- when pulling files from the daemon (no analogous parameter exists to
- govern the pushing of files to a daemon).
- Compression is expensive in terms of CPU usage, so it
-! is usually good to not try to compress files that won\(cq\&t compress well,
- such as already compressed files.
- .IP
-! The \(dq\&dont compress\(dq\& parameter takes a space\-separated list of
-! case\-insensitive wildcard patterns. Any source filename matching one
- of the patterns will not be compressed during transfer.
- .IP
- See the \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP parameter in the \fBrsync\fP(1) manpage for the list
- of file suffixes that are not compressed by default. Specifying a value
-! for the \(dq\&dont compress\(dq\& parameter changes the default when the daemon is
- the sender.
- .IP
-! .IP "\fBpre\-xfer exec\fP, \fBpost\-xfer exec\fP"
- You may specify a command to be run
-! before and/or after the transfer. If the \fBpre\-xfer exec\fP command fails, the
- transfer is aborted before it begins.
- .IP
- The following environment variables will be set, though some are
-! specific to the pre\-xfer or the post\-xfer environment:
- .IP
- .RS
- .IP o
-***************
-*** 689,717 ****
- .IP o
- \fBRSYNC_MODULE_PATH\fP: The path configured for the module.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_HOST_ADDR\fP: The accessing host's IP address.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_HOST_NAME\fP: The accessing host's name.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_USER_NAME\fP: The accessing user's name (empty if no user).
- .IP o
- \fBRSYNC_PID\fP: A unique number for this transfer.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_REQUEST\fP: (pre-xfer only) The module/path info specified
- by the user (note that the user can specify multiple source files,
-! so the request can be something like \(lqmod/path1 mod/path2\(rq, etc.).
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_ARG#\fP: (pre-xfer only) The pre-request arguments are set
-! in these numbered values. RSYNC_ARG0 is always \(lqrsyncd\(rq, and the last
- value contains a single period.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_EXIT_STATUS\fP: (post-xfer only) the server side's exit value.
- This will be 0 for a successful run, a positive value for an error that the
- server generated, or a \-1 if rsync failed to exit properly. Note that an
- error that occurs on the client side does not currently get sent to the
- server side, so this is not the final exit status for the whole transfer.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_RAW_STATUS\fP: (post-xfer only) the raw exit value from
- \f(CWwaitpid()\fP
- \&.
- .RE
---- 689,717 ----
- .IP o
- \fBRSYNC_MODULE_PATH\fP: The path configured for the module.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_HOST_ADDR\fP: The accessing host\(cq\&s IP address.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_HOST_NAME\fP: The accessing host\(cq\&s name.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_USER_NAME\fP: The accessing user\(cq\&s name (empty if no user).
- .IP o
- \fBRSYNC_PID\fP: A unique number for this transfer.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_REQUEST\fP: (pre\-xfer only) The module/path info specified
- by the user (note that the user can specify multiple source files,
-! so the request can be something like \(dq\&mod/path1 mod/path2\(dq\&, etc.).
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_ARG#\fP: (pre\-xfer only) The pre\-request arguments are set
-! in these numbered values. RSYNC_ARG0 is always \(dq\&rsyncd\(dq\&, and the last
- value contains a single period.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_EXIT_STATUS\fP: (post\-xfer only) the server side\(cq\&s exit value.
- This will be 0 for a successful run, a positive value for an error that the
- server generated, or a \-1 if rsync failed to exit properly. Note that an
- error that occurs on the client side does not currently get sent to the
- server side, so this is not the final exit status for the whole transfer.
- .IP o
-! \fBRSYNC_RAW_STATUS\fP: (post\-xfer only) the raw exit value from
- \f(CWwaitpid()\fP
- \&.
- .RE
-***************
-*** 719,725 ****
- .IP
- Even though the commands can be associated with a particular module, they
- are run using the permissions of the user that started the daemon (not the
-! module's uid/gid setting) without any chroot restrictions.
- .IP
- .SH "AUTHENTICATION STRENGTH"
-
---- 719,725 ----
- .IP
- Even though the commands can be associated with a particular module, they
- are run using the permissions of the user that started the daemon (not the
-! module\(cq\&s uid/gid setting) without any chroot restrictions.
- .IP
- .SH "AUTHENTICATION STRENGTH"
-
-***************
-*** 726,733 ****
- .PP
- The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based
- challenge response system. This is fairly weak protection, though (with
-! at least one brute-force hash-finding algorithm publicly available), so
-! if you want really top-quality security, then I recommend that you run
- rsync over ssh. (Yes, a future version of rsync will switch over to a
- stronger hashing method.)
- .PP
---- 726,733 ----
- .PP
- The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based
- challenge response system. This is fairly weak protection, though (with
-! at least one brute\-force hash\-finding algorithm publicly available), so
-! if you want really top\-quality security, then I recommend that you run
- rsync over ssh. (Yes, a future version of rsync will switch over to a
- stronger hashing method.)
- .PP
-***************
-*** 822,828 ****
- .SH "VERSION"
-
- .PP
-! This man page is current for version 3.0.6 of rsync.
- .PP
- .SH "CREDITS"
-
---- 822,828 ----
- .SH "VERSION"
-
- .PP
-! This man page is current for version 3.0.8 of rsync.
- .PP
- .SH "CREDITS"
-
-***************
-*** 838,844 ****
- .PP
- We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
- .PP
-! This program uses the zlib compression library written by Jean-loup
- Gailly and Mark Adler.
- .PP
- .SH "THANKS"
---- 838,844 ----
- .PP
- We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
- .PP
-! This program uses the zlib compression library written by Jean\-loup
- Gailly and Mark Adler.
- .PP
- .SH "THANKS"
+--- rsync-3.0.8/rsyncd.conf.5.~1~ Sat Mar 26 14:37:52 2011
++++ rsync-3.0.8/rsyncd.conf.5 Mon Jun 13 22:07:54 2011
+@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+-.TH "rsyncd.conf" "5" "26 Mar 2011" "" ""
++.TH "rsyncd.conf" "5" "8 May 2009" "" ""
+ .SH "NAME"
+ rsyncd.conf \(em configuration file for rsync in daemon mode
+ .SH "SYNOPSIS"
+@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
+ .PP
+ The file consists of modules and parameters. A module begins with the
+ name of the module in square brackets and continues until the next
+-module begins. Modules contain parameters of the form \(dq\&name = value\(dq\&.
++module begins. Modules contain parameters of the form \(lqname = value\(rq.
+ .PP
+-The file is line\-based \-\- that is, each newline\-terminated line represents
++The file is line-based \(em that is, each newline-terminated line represents
+ either a comment, a module name or a parameter.
+ .PP
+ Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace before
+@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
+ Any line beginning with a hash (#) is ignored, as are lines containing
+ only whitespace.
+ .PP
+-Any line ending in a \e is \(dq\&continued\(dq\& on the next line in the
++Any line ending in a \e is \(lqcontinued\(rq on the next line in the
+ customary UNIX fashion.
+ .PP
+ The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a string
+@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@
+ file ownership. Otherwise, it must just have permission to read and
+ write the appropriate data, log, and lock files.
+ .PP
+-You can launch it either via inetd, as a stand\-alone daemon, or from
+-an rsync client via a remote shell. If run as a stand\-alone daemon then
+-just run the command \(dq\&\fBrsync \-\-daemon\fP\(dq\& from a suitable startup script.
++You can launch it either via inetd, as a stand-alone daemon, or from
++an rsync client via a remote shell. If run as a stand-alone daemon then
++just run the command \(lq\fBrsync \-\-daemon\fP\(rq from a suitable startup script.
+ .PP
+ When run via inetd you should add a line like this to /etc/services:
+ .PP
+@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@
+ .fi
+
+ .PP
+-Replace \(dq\&/usr/bin/rsync\(dq\& with the path to where you have rsync installed on
++Replace \(lq/usr/bin/rsync\(rq with the path to where you have rsync installed on
+ your system. You will then need to send inetd a HUP signal to tell it to
+ reread its config file.
+ .PP
+ Note that you should \fBnot\fP send the rsync daemon a HUP signal to force
+-it to reread the \f(CWrsyncd.conf\fP file. The file is re\-read on each client
++it to reread the \f(CWrsyncd.conf\fP file. The file is re-read on each client
+ connection.
+ .PP
+ .SH "GLOBAL PARAMETERS"
+@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
+ .PP
+ .IP "\fBmotd file\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to specify a
+-\(dq\&message of the day\(dq\& to display to clients on each connect. This
++\(lqmessage of the day\(rq to display to clients on each connect. This
+ usually contains site information and any legal notices. The default
+ is no motd file.
+ .IP
+@@ -103,12 +103,12 @@
+ .IP "\fBport\fP"
+ You can override the default port the daemon will listen on
+ by specifying this value (defaults to 873). This is ignored if the daemon
+-is being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-port\fP command\-line option.
++is being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-port\fP command-line option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBaddress\fP"
+ You can override the default IP address the daemon
+ will listen on by specifying this value. This is ignored if the daemon is
+-being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-address\fP command\-line option.
++being run by inetd, and is superseded by the \fB\-\-address\fP command-line option.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBsocket options\fP"
+ This parameter can provide endless fun for people
+@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
+ system call for
+ details on some of the options you may be able to set. By default no
+ special socket options are set. These settings can also be specified
+-via the \fB\-\-sockopts\fP command\-line option.
++via the \fB\-\-sockopts\fP command-line option.
+ .IP
+ .SH "MODULE PARAMETERS"
+
+@@ -139,44 +139,44 @@
+ of available modules. The default is no comment.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBpath\fP"
+-This parameter specifies the directory in the daemon\(cq\&s
++This parameter specifies the directory in the daemon's
+ filesystem to make available in this module. You must specify this parameter
+ for each module in \f(CWrsyncd.conf\fP.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBuse chroot\fP"
+-If \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is true, the rsync daemon will chroot
+-to the \(dq\&path\(dq\& before starting the file transfer with the client. This has
++If \(lquse chroot\(rq is true, the rsync daemon will chroot
++to the \(lqpath\(rq before starting the file transfer with the client. This has
+ the advantage of extra protection against possible implementation security
+-holes, but it has the disadvantages of requiring super\-user privileges,
++holes, but it has the disadvantages of requiring super-user privileges,
+ of not being able to follow symbolic links that are either absolute or outside
+ of the new root path, and of complicating the preservation of users and groups
+ by name (see below).
+ .IP
+-As an additional safety feature, you can specify a dot\-dir in the module\(cq\&s
+-\(dq\&path\(dq\& to indicate the point where the chroot should occur. This allows rsync
+-to run in a chroot with a non\-\(dq\&/\(dq\& path for the top of the transfer hierarchy.
++As an additional safety feature, you can specify a dot-dir in the module's
++\(lqpath\(rq to indicate the point where the chroot should occur. This allows rsync
++to run in a chroot with a non\-"/\(rq path for the top of the transfer hierarchy.
+ Doing this guards against unintended library loading (since those absolute
+ paths will not be inside the transfer hierarchy unless you have used an unwise
+ pathname), and lets you setup libraries for the chroot that are outside of the
+-transfer. For example, specifying \(dq\&/var/rsync/./module1\(dq\& will chroot to the
+-\(dq\&/var/rsync\(dq\& directory and set the inside\-chroot path to \(dq\&/module1\(dq\&. If you
+-had omitted the dot\-dir, the chroot would have used the whole path, and the
+-inside\-chroot path would have been \(dq\&/\(dq\&.
++transfer. For example, specifying \(lq/var/rsync/./module1\(rq will chroot to the
++\(lq/var/rsync\(rq directory and set the inside-chroot path to \(lq/module1\(rq. If you
++had omitted the dot-dir, the chroot would have used the whole path, and the
++inside-chroot path would have been \(lq/\(rq.
+ .IP
+-When \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is false or the inside\-chroot path is not \(dq\&/\(dq\&, rsync will:
++When \(lquse chroot\(rq is false or the inside-chroot path is not \(lq/\(rq, rsync will:
+ (1) munge symlinks by
+-default for security reasons (see \(dq\&munge symlinks\(dq\& for a way to turn this
++default for security reasons (see \(lqmunge symlinks\(rq for a way to turn this
+ off, but only if you trust your users), (2) substitute leading slashes in
+-absolute paths with the module\(cq\&s path (so that options such as
++absolute paths with the module's path (so that options such as
+ \fB\-\-backup\-dir\fP, \fB\-\-compare\-dest\fP, etc. interpret an absolute path as
+-rooted in the module\(cq\&s \(dq\&path\(dq\& dir), and (3) trim \(dq\&..\(dq\& path elements from
++rooted in the module's \(lqpath\(rq dir), and (3) trim \(lq..\(rq path elements from
+ args if rsync believes they would escape the module hierarchy.
+-The default for \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is true, and is the safer choice (especially
+-if the module is not read\-only).
++The default for \(lquse chroot\(rq is true, and is the safer choice (especially
++if the module is not read-only).
+ .IP
+ When this parameter is enabled, rsync will not attempt to map users and groups
+ by name (by default), but instead copy IDs as though \fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP had
+-been specified. In order to enable name\-mapping, rsync needs to be able to
++been specified. In order to enable name-mapping, rsync needs to be able to
+ use the standard library functions for looking up names and IDs (i.e.
+ \f(CWgetpwuid()\fP
+ ,
+@@ -191,12 +191,12 @@
+ used by these library functions (traditionally /etc/passwd and
+ /etc/group, but perhaps additional dynamic libraries as well).
+ .IP
+-If you copy the necessary resources into the module\(cq\&s chroot area, you
+-should protect them through your OS\(cq\&s normal user/group or ACL settings (to
+-prevent the rsync module\(cq\&s user from being able to change them), and then
+-hide them from the user\(cq\&s view via \(dq\&exclude\(dq\& (see how in the discussion of
++If you copy the necessary resources into the module's chroot area, you
++should protect them through your OS's normal user/group or ACL settings (to
++prevent the rsync module's user from being able to change them), and then
++hide them from the user's view via \(lqexclude\(rq (see how in the discussion of
+ that parameter). At that point it will be safe to enable the mapping of users
+-and groups by name using the \(dq\&numeric ids\(dq\& daemon parameter (see below).
++and groups by name using the \(lqnumeric ids\(rq daemon parameter (see below).
+ .IP
+ Note also that you are free to setup custom user/group information in the
+ chroot area that is different from your normal system. For example, you
+@@ -205,12 +205,12 @@
+ .IP "\fBnumeric ids\fP"
+ Enabling this parameter disables the mapping
+ of users and groups by name for the current daemon module. This prevents
+-the daemon from trying to load any user/group\-related files or libraries.
++the daemon from trying to load any user/group-related files or libraries.
+ This enabling makes the transfer behave as if the client had passed
+-the \fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP command\-line option. By default, this parameter is
+-enabled for chroot modules and disabled for non\-chroot modules.
++the \fB\-\-numeric\-ids\fP command-line option. By default, this parameter is
++enabled for chroot modules and disabled for non-chroot modules.
+ .IP
+-A chroot\-enabled module should not have this parameter enabled unless you\(cq\&ve
++A chroot-enabled module should not have this parameter enabled unless you've
+ taken steps to ensure that the module has the necessary resources it needs
+ to translate names, and that it is not possible for a user to change those
+ resources.
+@@ -219,52 +219,52 @@
+ This parameter tells rsync to modify
+ all incoming symlinks in a way that makes them unusable but recoverable
+ (see below). This should help protect your files from user trickery when
+-your daemon module is writable. The default is disabled when \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\&
+-is on and the inside\-chroot path is \(dq\&/\(dq\&, otherwise it is enabled.
++your daemon module is writable. The default is disabled when \(lquse chroot\(rq
++is on and the inside-chroot path is \(lq/\(rq, otherwise it is enabled.
+ .IP
+-If you disable this parameter on a daemon that is not read\-only, there
++If you disable this parameter on a daemon that is not read-only, there
+ are tricks that a user can play with uploaded symlinks to access
+-daemon\-excluded items (if your module has any), and, if \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\&
++daemon-excluded items (if your module has any), and, if \(lquse chroot\(rq
+ is off, rsync can even be tricked into showing or changing data that
+-is outside the module\(cq\&s path (as access\-permissions allow).
++is outside the module's path (as access-permissions allow).
+ .IP
+ The way rsync disables the use of symlinks is to prefix each one with
+-the string \(dq\&/rsyncd\-munged/\(dq\&. This prevents the links from being used
++the string \(lq/rsyncd-munged/\(rq. This prevents the links from being used
+ as long as that directory does not exist. When this parameter is enabled,
+ rsync will refuse to run if that path is a directory or a symlink to
+-a directory. When using the \(dq\&munge symlinks\(dq\& parameter in a chroot area
+-that has an inside\-chroot path of \(dq\&/\(dq\&, you should add \(dq\&/rsyncd\-munged/\(dq\&
++a directory. When using the \(lqmunge symlinks\(rq parameter in a chroot area
++that has an inside-chroot path of \(lq/\(rq, you should add \(lq/rsyncd-munged/\(rq
+ to the exclude setting for the module so that
+-a user can\(cq\&t try to create it.
++a user can't try to create it.
+ .IP
+-Note: rsync makes no attempt to verify that any pre\-existing symlinks in
+-the module\(cq\&s hierarchy are as safe as you want them to be (unless, of
++Note: rsync makes no attempt to verify that any pre-existing symlinks in
++the module's hierarchy are as safe as you want them to be (unless, of
+ course, it just copied in the whole hierarchy). If you setup an rsync
+ daemon on a new area or locally add symlinks, you can manually protect your
+-symlinks from being abused by prefixing \(dq\&/rsyncd\-munged/\(dq\& to the start of
+-every symlink\(cq\&s value. There is a perl script in the support directory
+-of the source code named \(dq\&munge\-symlinks\(dq\& that can be used to add or remove
++symlinks from being abused by prefixing \(lq/rsyncd-munged/\(rq to the start of
++every symlink's value. There is a perl script in the support directory
++of the source code named \(lqmunge-symlinks\(rq that can be used to add or remove
+ this prefix from your symlinks.
+ .IP
+-When this parameter is disabled on a writable module and \(dq\&use chroot\(dq\& is off
+-(or the inside\-chroot path is not \(dq\&/\(dq\&),
+-incoming symlinks will be modified to drop a leading slash and to remove \(dq\&..\(dq\&
+-path elements that rsync believes will allow a symlink to escape the module\(cq\&s
++When this parameter is disabled on a writable module and \(lquse chroot\(rq is off
++(or the inside-chroot path is not \(lq/\(rq),
++incoming symlinks will be modified to drop a leading slash and to remove \(lq..\(rq
++path elements that rsync believes will allow a symlink to escape the module's
+ hierarchy. There are tricky ways to work around this, though, so you had
+ better trust your users if you choose this combination of parameters.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBcharset\fP"
+ This specifies the name of the character set in which the
+-module\(cq\&s filenames are stored. If the client uses an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option,
+-the daemon will use the value of the \(dq\&charset\(dq\& parameter regardless of the
++module's filenames are stored. If the client uses an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option,
++the daemon will use the value of the \(lqcharset\(rq parameter regardless of the
+ character set the client actually passed. This allows the daemon to
+ support charset conversion in a chroot module without extra files in the
+-chroot area, and also ensures that name\-translation is done in a consistent
+-manner. If the \(dq\&charset\(dq\& parameter is not set, the \fB\-\-iconv\fP option is
+-refused, just as if \(dq\&iconv\(dq\& had been specified via \(dq\&refuse options\(dq\&.
++chroot area, and also ensures that name-translation is done in a consistent
++manner. If the \(lqcharset\(rq parameter is not set, the \fB\-\-iconv\fP option is
++refused, just as if \(lqiconv\(rq had been specified via \(lqrefuse options\(rq.
+ .IP
+ If you wish to force users to always use \fB\-\-iconv\fP for a particular
+-module, add \(dq\&no\-iconv\(dq\& to the \(dq\&refuse options\(dq\& parameter. Keep in mind
++module, add \(lqno-iconv\(rq to the \(lqrefuse options\(rq parameter. Keep in mind
+ that this will restrict access to your module to very new rsync clients.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBmax connections\fP"
+@@ -273,21 +273,21 @@
+ Any clients connecting when the maximum has been reached will receive a
+ message telling them to try later. The default is 0, which means no limit.
+ A negative value disables the module.
+-See also the \(dq\&lock file\(dq\& parameter.
++See also the \(lqlock file\(rq parameter.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBlog file\fP"
+-When the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& parameter is set to a non\-empty
++When the \(lqlog file\(rq parameter is set to a non-empty
+ string, the rsync daemon will log messages to the indicated file rather
+ than using syslog. This is particularly useful on systems (such as AIX)
+ where
+ \f(CWsyslog()\fP
+-doesn\(cq\&t work for chrooted programs. The file is
++doesn't work for chrooted programs. The file is
+ opened before
+ \f(CWchroot()\fP
+ is called, allowing it to be placed outside
+-the transfer. If this value is set on a per\-module basis instead of
++the transfer. If this value is set on a per-module basis instead of
+ globally, the global log will still contain any authorization failures
+-or config\-file error messages.
++or config-file error messages.
+ .IP
+ If the daemon fails to open the specified file, it will fall back to
+ using syslog and output an error about the failure. (Note that the
+@@ -300,19 +300,19 @@
+ defined on your system. Common names are auth, authpriv, cron, daemon,
+ ftp, kern, lpr, mail, news, security, syslog, user, uucp, local0,
+ local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 and local7. The default
+-is daemon. This setting has no effect if the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& setting is a
+-non\-empty string (either set in the per\-modules settings, or inherited
++is daemon. This setting has no effect if the \(lqlog file\(rq setting is a
++non-empty string (either set in the per-modules settings, or inherited
+ from the global settings).
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBmax verbosity\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to control
+-the maximum amount of verbose information that you\(cq\&ll allow the daemon to
++the maximum amount of verbose information that you'll allow the daemon to
+ generate (since the information goes into the log file). The default is 1,
+ which allows the client to request one level of verbosity.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBlock file\fP"
+ This parameter specifies the file to use to
+-support the \(dq\&max connections\(dq\& parameter. The rsync daemon uses record
++support the \(lqmax connections\(rq parameter. The rsync daemon uses record
+ locking on this file to ensure that the max connections limit is not
+ exceeded for the modules sharing the lock file.
+ The default is \f(CW/var/run/rsyncd.lock\fP.
+@@ -319,15 +319,15 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBread only\fP"
+ This parameter determines whether clients
+-will be able to upload files or not. If \(dq\&read only\(dq\& is true then any
+-attempted uploads will fail. If \(dq\&read only\(dq\& is false then uploads will
++will be able to upload files or not. If \(lqread only\(rq is true then any
++attempted uploads will fail. If \(lqread only\(rq is false then uploads will
+ be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The default
+ is for all modules to be read only.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBwrite only\fP"
+ This parameter determines whether clients
+-will be able to download files or not. If \(dq\&write only\(dq\& is true then any
+-attempted downloads will fail. If \(dq\&write only\(dq\& is false then downloads
++will be able to download files or not. If \(lqwrite only\(rq is true then any
++attempted downloads will fail. If \(lqwrite only\(rq is false then downloads
+ will be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The
+ default is for this parameter to be disabled.
+ .IP
+@@ -340,19 +340,19 @@
+ .IP "\fBuid\fP"
+ This parameter specifies the user name or user ID that
+ file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon
+-was run as root. In combination with the \(dq\&gid\(dq\& parameter this determines what
++was run as root. In combination with the \(lqgid\(rq parameter this determines what
+ file permissions are available. The default is uid \-2, which is normally
+-the user \(dq\&nobody\(dq\&.
++the user \(lqnobody\(rq.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBgid\fP"
+ This parameter specifies the group name or group ID that
+ file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon
+-was run as root. This complements the \(dq\&uid\(dq\& parameter. The default is gid \-2,
+-which is normally the group \(dq\&nobody\(dq\&.
++was run as root. This complements the \(lquid\(rq parameter. The default is gid \-2,
++which is normally the group \(lqnobody\(rq.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBfake super\fP"
+-Setting \(dq\&fake super = yes\(dq\& for a module causes the
+-daemon side to behave as if the \fB\-\-fake\-super\fP command\-line option had
++Setting \(lqfake super = yes\(rq for a module causes the
++daemon side to behave as if the \fB\-\-fake\-user\fP command-line option had
+ been specified. This allows the full attributes of a file to be stored
+ without having to have the daemon actually running as root.
+ .IP
+@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
+ The daemon has its own filter chain that determines what files
+ it will let the client access. This chain is not sent to the client and is
+ independent of any filters the client may have specified. Files excluded by
+-the daemon filter chain (\fBdaemon\-excluded\fP files) are treated as non\-existent
++the daemon filter chain (\fBdaemon-excluded\fP files) are treated as non-existent
+ if the client tries to pull them, are skipped with an error message if the
+ client tries to push them (triggering exit code 23), and are never deleted from
+ the module. You can use daemon filters to prevent clients from downloading or
+@@ -367,55 +367,55 @@
+ tampering with private administrative files, such as files you may add to
+ support uid/gid name translations.
+ .IP
+-The daemon filter chain is built from the \(dq\&filter\(dq\&, \(dq\&include from\(dq\&, \(dq\&include\(dq\&,
+-\(dq\&exclude from\(dq\&, and \(dq\&exclude\(dq\& parameters, in that order of priority. Anchored
++The daemon filter chain is built from the \(lqfilter\(rq, \(lqinclude from\(rq, \(lqinclude\(rq,
++\(lqexclude from\(rq, and \(lqexclude\(rq parameters, in that order of priority. Anchored
+ patterns are anchored at the root of the module. To prevent access to an
+-entire subtree, for example, \(dq\&/secret\(dq\&, you \fImust\fP exclude everything in the
+-subtree; the easiest way to do this is with a triple\-star pattern like
+-\(dq\&/secret/***\(dq\&.
++entire subtree, for example, \(lq/secret\(rq, you \fImust\fP exclude everything in the
++subtree; the easiest way to do this is with a triple-star pattern like
++\(lq/secret/***\(rq.
+ .IP
+-The \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter takes a space\-separated list of daemon filter rules,
++The \(lqfilter\(rq parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon filter rules,
+ though it is smart enough to know not to split a token at an internal space in
+-a rule (e.g. \(dq\&\- /foo \(em /bar\(dq\& is parsed as two rules). You may specify one or
+-more merge\-file rules using the normal syntax. Only one \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter can
++a rule (e.g. \(lq\- /foo \(em /bar\(rq is parsed as two rules). You may specify one or
++more merge-file rules using the normal syntax. Only one \(lqfilter\(rq parameter can
+ apply to a given module in the config file, so put all the rules you want in a
+-single parameter. Note that per\-directory merge\-file rules do not provide as
++single parameter. Note that per-directory merge-file rules do not provide as
+ much protection as global rules, but they can be used to make \fB\-\-delete\fP work
+-better during a client download operation if the per\-dir merge files are
++better during a client download operation if the per-dir merge files are
+ included in the transfer and the client requests that they be used.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBexclude\fP"
+-This parameter takes a space\-separated list of daemon
++This parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon
+ exclude patterns. As with the client \fB\-\-exclude\fP option, patterns can be
+-qualified with \(dq\&\- \(dq\& or \(dq\&+ \(dq\& to explicitly indicate exclude/include. Only one
+-\(dq\&exclude\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module. See the \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter
++qualified with \(lq\- \(rq or \(lq+ \(rq to explicitly indicate exclude/include. Only one
++\(lqexclude\(rq parameter can apply to a given module. See the \(lqfilter\(rq parameter
+ for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBinclude\fP"
+-Use an \(dq\&include\(dq\& to override the effects of the \(dq\&exclude\(dq\&
+-parameter. Only one \(dq\&include\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module. See the
+-\(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon.
++Use an \(lqinclude\(rq to override the effects of the \(lqexclude\(rq
++parameter. Only one \(lqinclude\(rq parameter can apply to a given module. See the
++\(lqfilter\(rq parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBexclude from\fP"
+ This parameter specifies the name of a file
+ on the daemon that contains daemon exclude patterns, one per line. Only one
+-\(dq\&exclude from\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module; if you have multiple
+-exclude\-from files, you can specify them as a merge file in the \(dq\&filter\(dq\&
+-parameter. See the \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter for a description of how excluded files
++\(lqexclude from\(rq parameter can apply to a given module; if you have multiple
++exclude-from files, you can specify them as a merge file in the \(lqfilter\(rq
++parameter. See the \(lqfilter\(rq parameter for a description of how excluded files
+ affect the daemon.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBinclude from\fP"
+-Analogue of \(dq\&exclude from\(dq\& for a file of daemon include
+-patterns. Only one \(dq\&include from\(dq\& parameter can apply to a given module. See
+-the \(dq\&filter\(dq\& parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the
++Analogue of \(lqexclude from\(rq for a file of daemon include
++patterns. Only one \(lqinclude from\(rq parameter can apply to a given module. See
++the \(lqfilter\(rq parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the
+ daemon.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBincoming chmod\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to specify a set of
+-comma\-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
++comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
+ incoming files (files that are being received by the daemon). These
+ changes happen after all other permission calculations, and this will
+-even override destination\-default and/or existing permissions when the
++even override destination-default and/or existing permissions when the
+ client does not specify \fB\-\-perms\fP.
+ See the description of the \fB\-\-chmod\fP rsync option and the \fBchmod\fP(1)
+ manpage for information on the format of this string.
+@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBoutgoing chmod\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to specify a set of
+-comma\-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
++comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all
+ outgoing files (files that are being sent out from the daemon). These
+ changes happen first, making the sent permissions appear to be different
+ than those stored in the filesystem itself. For instance, you could
+@@ -433,41 +433,41 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBauth users\fP"
+ This parameter specifies a comma and
+-space\-separated list of usernames that will be allowed to connect to
++space-separated list of usernames that will be allowed to connect to
+ this module. The usernames do not need to exist on the local
+ system. The usernames may also contain shell wildcard characters. If
+-\(dq\&auth users\(dq\& is set then the client will be challenged to supply a
++\(lqauth users\(rq is set then the client will be challenged to supply a
+ username and password to connect to the module. A challenge response
+ authentication protocol is used for this exchange. The plain text
+ usernames and passwords are stored in the file specified by the
+-\(dq\&secrets file\(dq\& parameter. The default is for all users to be able to
+-connect without a password (this is called \(dq\&anonymous rsync\(dq\&).
++\(lqsecrets file\(rq parameter. The default is for all users to be able to
++connect without a password (this is called \(lqanonymous rsync\(rq).
+ .IP
+-See also the section entitled \(dq\&USING RSYNC\-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE
+-SHELL CONNECTION\(dq\& in \fBrsync\fP(1) for information on how handle an
+-rsyncd.conf\-level username that differs from the remote\-shell\-level
++See also the \(lqCONNECTING TO AN RSYNC DAEMON OVER A REMOTE SHELL
++PROGRAM\(rq section in \fBrsync\fP(1) for information on how handle an
++rsyncd.conf\-level username that differs from the remote-shell-level
+ username when using a remote shell to connect to an rsync daemon.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBsecrets file\fP"
+ This parameter specifies the name of
+ a file that contains the username:password pairs used for
+-authenticating this module. This file is only consulted if the \(dq\&auth
+-users\(dq\& parameter is specified. The file is line based and contains
++authenticating this module. This file is only consulted if the \(lqauth
++users\(rq parameter is specified. The file is line based and contains
+ username:password pairs separated by a single colon. Any line starting
+ with a hash (#) is considered a comment and is skipped. The passwords
+ can contain any characters but be warned that many operating systems
+ limit the length of passwords that can be typed at the client end, so
+-you may find that passwords longer than 8 characters don\(cq\&t work.
++you may find that passwords longer than 8 characters don't work.
+ .IP
+-There is no default for the \(dq\&secrets file\(dq\& parameter, you must choose a name
++There is no default for the \(lqsecrets file\(rq parameter, you must choose a name
+ (such as \f(CW/etc/rsyncd.secrets\fP). The file must normally not be readable
+-by \(dq\&other\(dq\&; see \(dq\&strict modes\(dq\&.
++by \(lqother\(rq; see \(lqstrict modes\(rq.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBstrict modes\fP"
+ This parameter determines whether or not
+-the permissions on the secrets file will be checked. If \(dq\&strict modes\(dq\& is
++the permissions on the secrets file will be checked. If \(lqstrict modes\(rq is
+ true, then the secrets file must not be readable by any user ID other
+-than the one that the rsync daemon is running under. If \(dq\&strict modes\(dq\& is
++than the one that the rsync daemon is running under. If \(lqstrict modes\(rq is
+ false, the check is not performed. The default is true. This parameter
+ was added to accommodate rsync running on the Windows operating system.
+ .IP
+@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+ a dotted decimal IPv4 address of the form a.b.c.d, or an IPv6 address
+-of the form a:b:c::d:e:f. In this case the incoming machine\(cq\&s IP address
++of the form a:b:c::d:e:f. In this case the incoming machine's IP address
+ must match exactly.
+ .IP o
+ an address/mask in the form ipaddr/n where ipaddr is the IP address
+@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-Note IPv6 link\-local addresses can have a scope in the address specification:
++Note IPv6 link-local addresses can have a scope in the address specification:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ \f(CW fe80::1%link1\fP
+@@ -516,23 +516,23 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-You can also combine \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& with a separate \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\&
+-parameter. If both parameters are specified then the \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& parameter is
++You can also combine \(lqhosts allow\(rq with a separate \(lqhosts deny\(rq
++parameter. If both parameters are specified then the \(lqhosts allow\(rq parameter is
+ checked first and a match results in the client being able to
+-connect. The \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\& parameter is then checked and a match means
++connect. The \(lqhosts deny\(rq parameter is then checked and a match means
+ that the host is rejected. If the host does not match either the
+-\(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& or the \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\& patterns then it is allowed to
++\(lqhosts allow\(rq or the \(lqhosts deny\(rq patterns then it is allowed to
+ connect.
+ .IP
+-The default is no \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
++The default is no \(lqhosts allow\(rq parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBhosts deny\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to specify a
+ list of patterns that are matched against a connecting clients
+ hostname and IP address. If the pattern matches then the connection is
+-rejected. See the \(dq\&hosts allow\(dq\& parameter for more information.
++rejected. See the \(lqhosts allow\(rq parameter for more information.
+ .IP
+-The default is no \(dq\&hosts deny\(dq\& parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
++The default is no \(lqhosts deny\(rq parameter, which means all hosts can connect.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBignore errors\fP"
+ This parameter tells rsyncd to
+@@ -546,32 +546,32 @@
+ .IP "\fBignore nonreadable\fP"
+ This tells the rsync daemon to completely
+ ignore files that are not readable by the user. This is useful for
+-public archives that may have some non\-readable files among the
+-directories, and the sysadmin doesn\(cq\&t want those files to be seen at all.
++public archives that may have some non-readable files among the
++directories, and the sysadmin doesn't want those files to be seen at all.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBtransfer logging\fP"
+-This parameter enables per\-file
++This parameter enables per-file
+ logging of downloads and uploads in a format somewhat similar to that
+ used by ftp daemons. The daemon always logs the transfer at the end, so
+ if a transfer is aborted, no mention will be made in the log file.
+ .IP
+-If you want to customize the log lines, see the \(dq\&log format\(dq\& parameter.
++If you want to customize the log lines, see the \(lqlog format\(rq parameter.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBlog format\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to specify the
+ format used for logging file transfers when transfer logging is enabled.
+-The format is a text string containing embedded single\-character escape
++The format is a text string containing embedded single-character escape
+ sequences prefixed with a percent (%) character. An optional numeric
+ field width may also be specified between the percent and the escape
+-letter (e.g. \(dq\&\fB%\-50n %8l %07p\fP\(dq\&).
++letter (e.g. \(lq\fB%\-50n %8l %07p\fP\(rq).
+ .IP
+-The default log format is \(dq\&%o %h [%a] %m (%u) %f %l\(dq\&, and a \(dq\&%t [%p] \(dq\&
+-is always prefixed when using the \(dq\&log file\(dq\& parameter.
++The default log format is \(lq%o %h [%a] %m (%u) %f %l\(rq, and a \(lq%t [%p] \(rq
++is always prefixed when using the \(lqlog file\(rq parameter.
+ (A perl script that will summarize this default log format is included
+-in the rsync source code distribution in the \(dq\&support\(dq\& subdirectory:
++in the rsync source code distribution in the \(lqsupport\(rq subdirectory:
+ rsyncstats.)
+ .IP
+-The single\-character escapes that are understood are as follows:
++The single-character escapes that are understood are as follows:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+@@ -583,9 +583,9 @@
+ .IP o
+ %c the total size of the block checksums received for the basis file (only when sending)
+ .IP o
+-%f the filename (long form on sender; no trailing \(dq\&/\(dq\&)
++%f the filename (long form on sender; no trailing \(lq/\(rq)
+ .IP o
+-%G the gid of the file (decimal) or \(dq\&DEFAULT\(dq\&
++%G the gid of the file (decimal) or \(lqDEFAULT\(rq
+ .IP o
+ %h the remote host name
+ .IP o
+@@ -593,15 +593,15 @@
+ .IP o
+ %l the length of the file in bytes
+ .IP o
+-%L the string \(dq\& \-> SYMLINK\(dq\&, \(dq\& => HARDLINK\(dq\&, or \(dq\&\(dq\& (where \fBSYMLINK\fP or \fBHARDLINK\fP is a filename)
++%L the string \(lq \-> SYMLINK\(rq, \(lq => HARDLINK\(rq, or \(lq\(rq (where \fBSYMLINK\fP or \fBHARDLINK\fP is a filename)
+ .IP o
+ %m the module name
+ .IP o
+-%M the last\-modified time of the file
++%M the last-modified time of the file
+ .IP o
+-%n the filename (short form; trailing \(dq\&/\(dq\& on dir)
++%n the filename (short form; trailing \(lq/\(rq on dir)
+ .IP o
+-%o the operation, which is \(dq\&send\(dq\&, \(dq\&recv\(dq\&, or \(dq\&del.\(dq\& (the latter includes the trailing period)
++%o the operation, which is \(lqsend\(rq, \(lqrecv\(rq, or \(lqdel.\(rq (the latter includes the trailing period)
+ .IP o
+ %p the process ID of this rsync session
+ .IP o
+@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
+ .RE
+
+ .IP
+-For a list of what the characters mean that are output by \(dq\&%i\(dq\&, see the
++For a list of what the characters mean that are output by \(lq%i\(rq, see the
+ \fB\-\-itemize\-changes\fP option in the rsync manpage.
+ .IP
+ Note that some of the logged output changes when talking with older
+@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@
+ .IP "\fBtimeout\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to override the
+ clients choice for I/O timeout for this module. Using this parameter you
+-can ensure that rsync won\(cq\&t wait on a dead client forever. The timeout
++can ensure that rsync won't wait on a dead client forever. The timeout
+ is specified in seconds. A value of zero means no timeout and is the
+ default. A good choice for anonymous rsync daemons may be 600 (giving
+ a 10 minute timeout).
+@@ -632,10 +632,10 @@
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBrefuse options\fP"
+ This parameter allows you to
+-specify a space\-separated list of rsync command line options that will
++specify a space-separated list of rsync command line options that will
+ be refused by your rsync daemon.
+-You may specify the full option name, its one\-letter abbreviation, or a
+-wild\-card string that matches multiple options.
++You may specify the full option name, its one-letter abbreviation, or a
++wild-card string that matches multiple options.
+ For example, this would refuse \fB\-\-checksum\fP (\fB\-c\fP) and all the various
+ delete options:
+ .IP
+@@ -646,15 +646,15 @@
+ .IP
+ The reason the above refuses all delete options is that the options imply
+ \fB\-\-delete\fP, and implied options are refused just like explicit options.
+-As an additional safety feature, the refusal of \(dq\&delete\(dq\& also refuses
+-\fBremove\-source\-files\fP when the daemon is the sender; if you want the latter
+-without the former, instead refuse \(dq\&delete\-*\(dq\& \-\- that refuses all the
++As an additional safety feature, the refusal of \(lqdelete\(rq also refuses
++\fBremove-source-files\fP when the daemon is the sender; if you want the latter
++without the former, instead refuse \(lqdelete\-*\(rq \(em that refuses all the
+ delete modes without affecting \fB\-\-remove\-source\-files\fP.
+ .IP
+ When an option is refused, the daemon prints an error message and exits.
+ To prevent all compression when serving files,
+-you can use \(dq\&dont compress = *\(dq\& (see below)
+-instead of \(dq\&refuse options = compress\(dq\& to avoid returning an error to a
++you can use \(lqdont compress = *\(rq (see below)
++instead of \(lqrefuse options = compress\(rq to avoid returning an error to a
+ client that requests compression.
+ .IP
+ .IP "\fBdont compress\fP"
+@@ -663,25 +663,25 @@
+ when pulling files from the daemon (no analogous parameter exists to
+ govern the pushing of files to a daemon).
+ Compression is expensive in terms of CPU usage, so it
+-is usually good to not try to compress files that won\(cq\&t compress well,
++is usually good to not try to compress files that won't compress well,
+ such as already compressed files.
+ .IP
+-The \(dq\&dont compress\(dq\& parameter takes a space\-separated list of
+-case\-insensitive wildcard patterns. Any source filename matching one
++The \(lqdont compress\(rq parameter takes a space-separated list of
++case-insensitive wildcard patterns. Any source filename matching one
+ of the patterns will not be compressed during transfer.
+ .IP
+ See the \fB\-\-skip\-compress\fP parameter in the \fBrsync\fP(1) manpage for the list
+ of file suffixes that are not compressed by default. Specifying a value
+-for the \(dq\&dont compress\(dq\& parameter changes the default when the daemon is
++for the \(lqdont compress\(rq parameter changes the default when the daemon is
+ the sender.
+ .IP
+-.IP "\fBpre\-xfer exec\fP, \fBpost\-xfer exec\fP"
++.IP "\fBpre-xfer exec\fP, \fBpost-xfer exec\fP"
+ You may specify a command to be run
+-before and/or after the transfer. If the \fBpre\-xfer exec\fP command fails, the
++before and/or after the transfer. If the \fBpre-xfer exec\fP command fails, the
+ transfer is aborted before it begins.
+ .IP
+ The following environment variables will be set, though some are
+-specific to the pre\-xfer or the post\-xfer environment:
++specific to the pre-xfer or the post-xfer environment:
+ .IP
+ .RS
+ .IP o
+@@ -689,29 +689,29 @@
+ .IP o
+ \fBRSYNC_MODULE_PATH\fP: The path configured for the module.
+ .IP o
+-\fBRSYNC_HOST_ADDR\fP: The accessing host\(cq\&s IP address.
++\fBRSYNC_HOST_ADDR\fP: The accessing host's IP address.
+ .IP o
+-\fBRSYNC_HOST_NAME\fP: The accessing host\(cq\&s name.
++\fBRSYNC_HOST_NAME\fP: The accessing host's name.
+ .IP o
+-\fBRSYNC_USER_NAME\fP: The accessing user\(cq\&s name (empty if no user).
++\fBRSYNC_USER_NAME\fP: The accessing user's name (empty if no user).
+ .IP o
+ \fBRSYNC_PID\fP: A unique number for this transfer.
+ .IP o
+-\fBRSYNC_REQUEST\fP: (pre\-xfer only) The module/path info specified
++\fBRSYNC_REQUEST\fP: (pre-xfer only) The module/path info specified
+ by the user (note that the user can specify multiple source files,
+-so the request can be something like \(dq\&mod/path1 mod/path2\(dq\&, etc.).
++so the request can be something like \(lqmod/path1 mod/path2\(rq, etc.).
+ .IP o
+-\fBRSYNC_ARG#\fP: (pre\-xfer only) The pre\-request arguments are set
+-in these numbered values. RSYNC_ARG0 is always \(dq\&rsyncd\(dq\&, and the last
++\fBRSYNC_ARG#\fP: (pre-xfer only) The pre-request arguments are set
++in these numbered values. RSYNC_ARG0 is always \(lqrsyncd\(rq, and the last
+ value contains a single period.
+ .IP o
+-\fBRSYNC_EXIT_STATUS\fP: (post\-xfer only) the server side\(cq\&s exit value.
++\fBRSYNC_EXIT_STATUS\fP: (post-xfer only) the server side's exit value.
+ This will be 0 for a successful run, a positive value for an error that the
+ server generated, or a \-1 if rsync failed to exit properly. Note that an
+ error that occurs on the client side does not currently get sent to the
+ server side, so this is not the final exit status for the whole transfer.
+ .IP o
+-\fBRSYNC_RAW_STATUS\fP: (post\-xfer only) the raw exit value from
++\fBRSYNC_RAW_STATUS\fP: (post-xfer only) the raw exit value from
+ \f(CWwaitpid()\fP
+ \&.
+ .RE
+@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@
+ .IP
+ Even though the commands can be associated with a particular module, they
+ are run using the permissions of the user that started the daemon (not the
+-module\(cq\&s uid/gid setting) without any chroot restrictions.
++module's uid/gid setting) without any chroot restrictions.
+ .IP
+ .SH "AUTHENTICATION STRENGTH"
+
+@@ -726,8 +726,8 @@
+ .PP
+ The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based
+ challenge response system. This is fairly weak protection, though (with
+-at least one brute\-force hash\-finding algorithm publicly available), so
+-if you want really top\-quality security, then I recommend that you run
++at least one brute-force hash-finding algorithm publicly available), so
++if you want really top-quality security, then I recommend that you run
+ rsync over ssh. (Yes, a future version of rsync will switch over to a
+ stronger hashing method.)
+ .PP
+@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@
+ .SH "VERSION"
+
+ .PP
+-This man page is current for version 3.0.8 of rsync.
++This man page is current for version 3.0.6 of rsync.
+ .PP
+ .SH "CREDITS"
+
+@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@
+ .PP
+ We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.
+ .PP
+-This program uses the zlib compression library written by Jean\-loup
++This program uses the zlib compression library written by Jean-loup
+ Gailly and Mark Adler.
+ .PP
+ .SH "THANKS"