--- a/components/timezone/asia Thu Sep 18 15:01:38 2014 -0600
+++ b/components/timezone/asia Thu Sep 18 17:24:24 2014 -0700
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
@@ -46,14 +47,13 @@
# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
# 8:00 CST China
-# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
-# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
+# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
-# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
+# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
#
-# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
+# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
# From Guy Harris:
# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
###############################################################################
-# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
# Bahrain
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
+Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
3:00 - AST
@@ -151,8 +151,13 @@
# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
#
# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
+# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
+# </a>
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
+# </a>
#
# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
# June
@@ -167,11 +172,17 @@
# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
#
# Some sources:
+# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
+# </a>
+# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
+# </a>
#
# Our wrap-up:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
+# </a>
# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
@@ -186,8 +197,13 @@
#
# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
+# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
+# </a>
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
@@ -196,15 +212,22 @@
# "continue for an indefinite period."
#
# One of many places where it is published:
+# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
+# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
#
# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
+# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
+# </a>
+# and
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
+# </a>
#
# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
@@ -214,8 +237,13 @@
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
+# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
+# </a>
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
+# </a>
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
@@ -281,12 +309,12 @@
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
-# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
-# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
+# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
+# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
#
# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
-# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
+# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
#
# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
@@ -296,16 +324,15 @@
# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
-# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
-# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
+# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
+# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
+# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
+# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
+# pre-1980 time zones.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
-# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
-# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
-# go with them for DST rules as follows:
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
@@ -319,7 +346,7 @@
# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
@@ -330,97 +357,65 @@
# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
+# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
+# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
+# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
+# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
+# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
+# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
+# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
#
-# (1)
-# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
-# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
-# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
-# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
-# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
-# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
-# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
-# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
-# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
-# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
-# could well have ignored any such mandate.
+# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
+# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
+# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
+# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
+# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
+# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
+# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
#
-# (2)
-# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
-# [undated and unknown publication location]
-# It says several things:
-# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
-# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
-# the official calendar book of 1914.
-# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
-# French docks in the 1890s, controled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
-# Obervatory and set to local mean time.
-# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
-# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
-# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
-# became used by railways as well.
-# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
-# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
-# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
-# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
-# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
-# Japanese-occupied territory.
-# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
-# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
-# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
-# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
-# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
-#
-# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
-# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
-# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
-# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
-# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
-#
-# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
-# this was based on what was apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
-# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
-# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
-# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
-# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
-#
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
-# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
+# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
+# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
+# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
+# Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-#
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
-# Asia/Shanghai
+Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
+ 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+ 8:00 - CST 1940
+ 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
+ 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
# most of China
-# This currently represents most other zones as well,
-# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
-# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
-# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
-#
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
-# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
+Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928
+ 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-#
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
-# Asia/Urumqi
-# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
-# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
+Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
+ 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
-# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
+# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
-#
-# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
-# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
+Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
+ 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+# Kunlun Time
# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
@@ -437,9 +432,9 @@
# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
-# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
+# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
-# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
#
# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
@@ -451,6 +446,21 @@
# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
# others moving their clocks ahead.)
+#
+# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
+#
+# The first few lines of the Google translation of
+# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
+# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
+# </a>
+# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
+# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
+# > 500 million yuan
+# >
+# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
+# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
+# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
+# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
@@ -461,7 +471,7 @@
# 3. Urumqi...
# 4. Kashgar...
# ...
-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
#
@@ -473,55 +483,10 @@
# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
-# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
-# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
-# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
-
-# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
-# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
-# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
-# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
-# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
-# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
-# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
-# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
-# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
-# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
-# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
-# having the same time as Beijing.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
-# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
-# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
-# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
-# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
-#
-# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
-# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
-# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
-# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
-# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dyansty,
-# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
-# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
-# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
-# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
-# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
-# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
-# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
-# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
-# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
-# UT+8 mandate back then.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
-Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
- 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
+Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
+ 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
+ 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
8:00 PRC C%sT
-# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
-# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
-Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
- 6:00 - XJT
# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
@@ -536,11 +501,15 @@
# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
# obtained from
+# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# </a>.
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
# Here are the dates given at
+# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# </a>
# as of 2009-10-28:
# Year Period
# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
@@ -620,113 +589,35 @@
# Taiwan
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
+# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
+# have any other information.
+
# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
-# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
+# According to Taiwan's CWB,
+# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
+# </a>
# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
-# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
-# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
-# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
-# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
-# found on Wikisource:
-# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
-# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
-# declared officially.
-#
-# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
-# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
-# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
-# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
-# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
-# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
-# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
-# be found on Wikisource:
-# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-#
-# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
-# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
-# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
-# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
-# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
-# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
-# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
-# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
-# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
-# that:
-#
-# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
-# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
-#
-# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
-# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
-# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
-# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
-#
-# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
-# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
-# Time.
-#
-# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
-# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
-# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
-# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
-# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
-# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
-
-# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
-# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
-# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
-# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
-# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
-# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
-# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
-# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
-# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
-# would be a good one.
-# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
-# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
-# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
-#
-# Original Bulletin:
-# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF>
-# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0> (cont.)
-#
-# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
-# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
-#
-# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431>
-#
-# Here is a brief translation:
-#
-# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
-# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
-# adption till Oct 31 midnight.
-#
-# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
-# be found from historical government announcement database.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
-# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
-# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
+# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
+# Decade Name Start and end date
+# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
+# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
+# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
+# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
+# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
+# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -734,14 +625,11 @@
Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
-Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
- 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 01:00
+Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
8:00 Taiwan C%sT
# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
@@ -810,7 +698,7 @@
# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
-# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
# of integration into Europe.
# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
@@ -823,11 +711,10 @@
# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
-# Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.)
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:06 - LMT 1880
- 2:59:06 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
+ 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
@@ -843,9 +730,10 @@
# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
-# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
# East Timor may be late for its millennium
-# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
+# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
@@ -855,9 +743,9 @@
# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
+# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
-# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
-# (2000-08-16):
+# (2000-08-16)</a>:
# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
@@ -899,7 +787,7 @@
# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
-# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
+# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
@@ -950,7 +838,7 @@
# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
- 9:30 - ACST 1964
+ 9:30 - CST 1964
9:00 - WIT
# Iran
@@ -1016,7 +904,7 @@
# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
#
-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
+# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
# daylight saving time ...
# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
@@ -1107,11 +995,17 @@
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
# news sources (in Arabic):
+# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
+# </a>
+# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
+# </a>
#
# We have published a short article in English about the change:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
+# </a>
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -1120,7 +1014,7 @@
Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
#
Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
@@ -1364,12 +1258,12 @@
# Japan
-# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
+# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
+# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
+# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
@@ -1396,7 +1290,7 @@
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
+# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
@@ -1404,10 +1298,10 @@
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
+# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
+# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
# standard....
@@ -1415,33 +1309,27 @@
# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
-# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
-# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-#
-# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
-# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
-# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
-# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
+# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
+# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
- 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
- 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1896
+ 9:00 - CJT 1938
9:00 Japan J%sT
# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
# Jordan
#
-# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
# all year round.
#
-# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
@@ -1461,7 +1349,9 @@
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
+# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
+# </a>
#
# Google's translation:
#
@@ -1552,8 +1442,9 @@
# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
-# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
+# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
+# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
+# </a>
# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
@@ -1667,29 +1558,19 @@
Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
-# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
-# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
-# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
-# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
-
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
- 9:00 - JCST 1928
+ 9:00 - KST 1928
8:30 - KST 1932
- 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
9:00 ROK K%sT
Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
- 9:00 - JCST 1928
+ 9:00 - KST 1928
8:30 - KST 1932
- 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
9:00 - KST
@@ -1698,6 +1579,14 @@
# Kuwait
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
+# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
+# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
+# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
+# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
+# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
+# so for now we assume no DST.
Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
3:00 - AST
@@ -1778,14 +1667,15 @@
# Mongolia
# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
-# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
-# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
+# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
+# both say that it has just one.
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
# General Information Mongolia
-# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
+# </a> (1999-09)
# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
-# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
# eight hours."
@@ -1796,7 +1686,7 @@
# of implementation may have been different....
# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
-# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
+# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
@@ -1810,10 +1700,10 @@
# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
# there are three time zones.
#
-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
-# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
+# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
+# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
+# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
#
# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
@@ -1830,7 +1720,7 @@
# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
-# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
+# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
@@ -1839,7 +1729,7 @@
# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
@@ -1855,23 +1745,29 @@
# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
# database on this, e.g.:
#
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
+# </a>
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
+# </a>
#
# both say GMT+08:00.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
# schedule here:
+# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
+# </a>
# (click the English flag for English)
#
-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
+# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
+# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
+# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
-# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
+# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
@@ -1887,7 +1783,7 @@
# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
#
# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
+# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
@@ -1941,7 +1837,7 @@
# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
-# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
+# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
@@ -1978,26 +1874,38 @@
# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
# ...."
#
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
+# </a>
+# OR
+# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
+# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
-# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
+# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
# instead of August 31.
#
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
+# </a>
+# OR
+# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
+# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
# official working."
+# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
+# </a>
#
# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
@@ -2005,8 +1913,15 @@
# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
# April 08, 2009
# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
+# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
+# </a>
+#
+# or
+#
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
+# </a>
#
# ....
# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
@@ -2019,7 +1934,9 @@
# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
# this regard."
+# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
+# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
@@ -2027,8 +1944,13 @@
# 1, 2009.
#
# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
+# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
+# </a>
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
@@ -2037,7 +1959,9 @@
# > 1, 2009.
#
# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
+# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
+# </a>
# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
# Monday."
@@ -2049,9 +1973,11 @@
#
# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
+# </a>
-# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
+# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
@@ -2067,10 +1993,14 @@
# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
#
# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
+# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
+# </a>
#
# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
+# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
+# </a>
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
@@ -2152,9 +2082,10 @@
# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
-# <http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html>
-# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in
+# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
+# Holiday havoc
+# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
@@ -2167,7 +2098,7 @@
# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
-# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
+# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
@@ -2186,7 +2117,7 @@
# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
# because of the Ramadan.
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
@@ -2203,9 +2134,16 @@
# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
#
+# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
+# </a>
+# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
+# </a>
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
+# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
@@ -2213,17 +2151,24 @@
# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
#
# (in Arabic)
+# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
+# </a>
#
+# or
# (English translation)
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
#
# One news source:
+# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
+# </a>
# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
@@ -2232,7 +2177,9 @@
#
# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
# end date, we will keep this page updated:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
+# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
@@ -2242,35 +2189,51 @@
#
# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
# (from Palestinian National Authority):
+# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
+# </a>
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
+# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
#
+# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
+# </a>
# (in Arabic)
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
# noon though:
#
+# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
+# </a>
# (Ma'an News Agency)
# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
# According to several sources, including
+# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
+# </a>
# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
# Gaza and the West Bank.
# Some more background info:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
@@ -2278,9 +2241,13 @@
# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
# Ramadan.
#
+# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
+# </a>
# Additional info:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
+# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
@@ -2290,9 +2257,14 @@
# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
# ...
+# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
+# </a>
+# or
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
+# </a>
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
@@ -2300,18 +2272,26 @@
# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
#
# Many sources, including:
+# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
# Some of many sources in Arabic:
+# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
+# </a>
#
+# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
+# </a>
#
# Our brief summary:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
@@ -2390,11 +2370,10 @@
# no information
# Philippines
-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
+# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
-# History of the International Date Line
-# <http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm>.
+# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
+# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
@@ -2404,7 +2383,7 @@
# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
@@ -2431,29 +2410,8 @@
3:00 - AST
# Saudi Arabia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
-# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
-# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
-# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
-# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
-# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
-# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
-# o'clock for "Arab" time).
-#
-# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
-# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
-# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
-# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
-# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
-# earlier date.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
-# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
-# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
-#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
+Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
3:00 - AST
# Singapore
@@ -2484,18 +2442,20 @@
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
+# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
-# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
+# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
#
# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
-# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
-# <news:[email protected]> (1996-10-26):
+# by Shamindra in
+# <a href="news:[email protected]">
+# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
+# </a>:
# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
@@ -2515,7 +2475,7 @@
# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
#
-# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
+# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
#
@@ -2525,7 +2485,7 @@
# item....
#
# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
-# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
+# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
@@ -2597,7 +2557,7 @@
# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
+# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
@@ -2606,7 +2566,7 @@
# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
-# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
+# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
#
# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
@@ -2635,15 +2595,16 @@
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
# Agency (SANA)...
+# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
-# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
+# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
+# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
@@ -2656,27 +2617,37 @@
# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
# clocks back 60 minutes).
#
+# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
# two examples:
#
+# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
+# </a>
# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
+# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
+# </a>
# (Arabic, gov-site)
#
# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
#
# Our summary
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
+# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
+# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
@@ -2687,17 +2658,23 @@
# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
+# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
+# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
#
# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
+# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
+# </a>
#
# Our brief summary:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
+# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
@@ -2753,8 +2730,7 @@
5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
5:00 - UZT
-# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
-Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
+Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
@@ -2770,8 +2746,8 @@
# and Pottenger.
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
-# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
+# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
+# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]