--- a/components/timezone/europe Thu Sep 18 15:01:38 2014 -0600
+++ b/components/timezone/europe Thu Sep 18 17:24:24 2014 -0700
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
@@ -38,10 +39,10 @@
# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to [email protected].
#
-# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
+# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
+# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
# History of Summer Time
-# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
-# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
+# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
@@ -60,7 +61,6 @@
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
-# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
+# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
@@ -137,22 +137,8 @@
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
-# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
-# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
-# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
-# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
-# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
-# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
-# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
-# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
-# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
-# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
-# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
-# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
-# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
-#
-# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
+# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
@@ -165,7 +151,7 @@
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
+# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
@@ -174,8 +160,9 @@
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
-# <http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf>
+# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
+# </a>
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
@@ -184,6 +171,7 @@
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
+#
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
@@ -229,15 +217,22 @@
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
+# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
+# </a>
+# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
+# exists, and the article can now be found at:
+# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
+# </a>
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
-# <http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0>
-# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
+# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
+# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
+# </a>.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
@@ -277,8 +272,8 @@
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
-# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
-# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
+# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
+# various relating to legal time, for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
@@ -477,9 +472,10 @@
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
+# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
-# <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT>
+# </a>
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
@@ -502,11 +498,11 @@
Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
-# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
+# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
@@ -588,10 +584,14 @@
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
+# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
+# </a>
#
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
+# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
+# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
@@ -611,10 +611,10 @@
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
-# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
-# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
+# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
+# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
#
-# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
@@ -708,9 +708,18 @@
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
+# 1.
+# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
+# </a>
+# 2.
+# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
+# </a>
+# 3.
+# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
+# </a>
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
@@ -723,14 +732,14 @@
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 - FET
+ 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
# Belgium
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
-# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
+# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
# pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
@@ -796,8 +805,8 @@
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
-# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
-# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
@@ -842,7 +851,7 @@
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
@@ -852,7 +861,7 @@
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequent decrees with the law
+# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
@@ -867,7 +876,7 @@
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
@@ -895,7 +904,7 @@
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
+Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
0:00 EU WE%sT
#
@@ -907,11 +916,11 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
-# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
+# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
+# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
@@ -946,16 +955,16 @@
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
-# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
+# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
-# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
+# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
-# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
+# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
@@ -964,8 +973,8 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
-# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
-# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
+# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
+# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
@@ -1010,16 +1019,17 @@
# summer time next spring."
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
+# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
-# <http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390>
+# </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
-# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
+# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
-# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
+# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
@@ -1037,7 +1047,7 @@
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
-# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
+# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -1071,45 +1081,35 @@
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
+#
+# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
+# </a>
#
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
+#
+# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
+# </a>
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."
-# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
-# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
-# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
-# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
-# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
-# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
-# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
-# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
-# Go with Oja over Shanks.
-
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-
-# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
-# round to nearest.
-
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
+Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
+ 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Åland Is
+# Aaland Is
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
@@ -1117,14 +1117,14 @@
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
-# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
+# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
-# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
+# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
-# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
-# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
+# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
+# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
#
@@ -1165,16 +1165,16 @@
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
-# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
+# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
+# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
+# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
+# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
-# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
@@ -1212,13 +1212,15 @@
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
-# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
+# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
-# <http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/>
-# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
+# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
+# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
+# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
+# </a>
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
@@ -1249,13 +1251,13 @@
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
-# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
+# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
@@ -1311,20 +1313,15 @@
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
-# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
-# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
-# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
-# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
-# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
-# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
@@ -1340,7 +1337,7 @@
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
- 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT
@@ -1418,8 +1415,9 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
+# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# <http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html>
+# </a>
# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
@@ -1527,13 +1525,13 @@
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
+# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
-# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
-# in Latvian for subscribers only).
+# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
-# From RFE/RL Newsline
-# <http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html>
-# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
+# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
+# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
+# </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
@@ -1548,16 +1546,13 @@
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
-# Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
-
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:28 - LMT 1880
- 1:36:28 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
- 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
- 1:36:28 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
- 1:36:28 - RMT 1926 May 11
+Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
@@ -1596,7 +1591,7 @@
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
-# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
+# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
@@ -1605,9 +1600,9 @@
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.
-# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
-# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
-# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
+# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
+# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
+# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
@@ -1701,7 +1696,7 @@
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
-# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
+# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
@@ -1710,8 +1705,13 @@
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
+# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
+# </a>
+#
+# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
+# </a>
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
@@ -1729,7 +1729,9 @@
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
+# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
+# </a>
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -1860,14 +1862,14 @@
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
-# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
-# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
-# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
-# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
+# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
@@ -1882,7 +1884,7 @@
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
-# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
+# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
@@ -1902,10 +1904,6 @@
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# Poland
-
-# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
-# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
-
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
@@ -1916,9 +1914,9 @@
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
-# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
+# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
-# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
+# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
@@ -2055,8 +2053,8 @@
# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
-# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
-# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
+# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
@@ -2080,21 +2078,25 @@
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2:00 EU EE%sT
-
# Russia
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
# (Government document
+# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
+# </a>
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
+# </a>
# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
+# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
@@ -2103,12 +2105,16 @@
# changed in September 2011:
#
# One source is
+# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
+# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
+# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
+# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
@@ -2116,45 +2122,28 @@
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
+# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
+# </a>
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
+# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
+# </a>
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
-# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
-# Conradi notes).
+# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
+# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
#
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
-# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
-# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
-# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
-# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
-# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
-# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
-# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
-# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
-# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
-# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
-# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
-# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
-# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
-
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
@@ -2181,9 +2170,9 @@
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
-# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
+# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
-# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
+# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
@@ -2194,166 +2183,52 @@
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
-# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
-# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
-# listing. The region codes listed come from
-# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
-# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
-# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
-# divisions where available.
-
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
-# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
-
+#
+# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 2:00 - EET
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Europe/Moscow covers...
-# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
-# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
-# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
-# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
-# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
-# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
-# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
-# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
-# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
-# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
-# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
-# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
-# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
-# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
-# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
-# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
-# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
-# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
-# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
-# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
-# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
-# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
-# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
-# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
-# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
-# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
-# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
-# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
-# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
-# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
-# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
-# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
-# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
-# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
-# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
-# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
-# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
-# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
-# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
-# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
-# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
-# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
-# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
-# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
-# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
-# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
-
-# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
-# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
-# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
-# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
-# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia
-# since July 1, 1919, p. 18.) The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia
-# was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
-# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
-# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
-# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
-# 2:31:19 ...
+ 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
-# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
-# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
-# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
-# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
-
-Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
- 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
- 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
+# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
+# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
+# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
+# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
+# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
+# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
+# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
+# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
+# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
+# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
+# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
+# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
+# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
+# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
+# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
+# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
+# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
+# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
+Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
+ 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
+ 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - MSK
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Simferopol covers...
-# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
-# ** **** Sevastopol
-
-Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
- 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:00 - EET 1992
-# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
+ 4:00 - MSK
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
- 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
-# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
- 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
-# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
-# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
-# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
-# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
-# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
- 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - MSK
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Volgograd covers...
-# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
-# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
-# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
-# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
-# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
-
+# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
+# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
+# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the
+# others? But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
@@ -2361,90 +2236,55 @@
4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - MSK
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Europe/Samara covers...
-# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
-# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
-
+ 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - VOLT
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
4:00 - SAMT
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
-# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
-# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
-# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
-# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
-# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
-# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
-# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
-# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
-# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
#
-# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
-
-# Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
-
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
+# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
+# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
+# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
+# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 5:00 - YEKT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Omsk covers...
-# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
-# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
-# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
-
+ 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
- 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
+ 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 6:00 - OMST
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
-# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
-# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
-
+ 7:00 - OMST
+#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
-
+# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 6:00 - NOVT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
-# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
+ 7:00 - NOVT
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
@@ -2457,10 +2297,14 @@
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
+# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
+# </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
+# </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
@@ -2468,152 +2312,83 @@
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
-# realigning itself with KRAT.
-
Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk T
- 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
-
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
-# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
-# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
-# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
#
-# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
-# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
-
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
+# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
+# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 7:00 - KRAT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
-# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
-# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
+ 8:00 - KRAT
#
-# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
-# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
-
-# Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15.
-
-Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:15 - LMT 1880
- 6:57:15 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
+# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
+Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
+ 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 8:00 - IRKT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Asia/Chita covers...
-# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
-#
-# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
-
-Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
- 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
- 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 8:00 - IRKT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
-# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
+ 9:00 - IRKT
#
-# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
-# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
-# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
-# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
-# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
-# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
-# 14-11 **** Gorny District
-# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
-# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
-# 14-14 **** Lensky District
-# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
-# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
-# 14-18 **** Namsky District
-# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
-# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
-# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
-# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
-# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
-# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
-# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
-# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
-# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
-# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
+# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
+# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
-# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
-# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
+# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
+# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
+# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
+# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
+# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
+# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
+# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 9:00 - YAKT
-
+ 10:00 - YAKT
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
+# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
+# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
-# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
-# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
-# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
-#
-# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
-# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
-
-# Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest.
-
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - VLAT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
-# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
+ 11:00 - VLAT
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
-
+#
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
-
+#
Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -2621,115 +2396,37 @@
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
- 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 9:00 - YAKT
-
+ 10:00 - YAKT
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
-# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
-# ...with the exception of:
-# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
-
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
+#
+# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
+# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
- 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - CJT 1938
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - SAKT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Magadan covers...
-# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
+ 11:00 - SAKT
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
+# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
+# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
-# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
-# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
-# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
-# need their own zone.
-
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
+# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - MAGT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
-# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
-# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
-# 14-17 **** Momsky District
-# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
-# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
-#
-# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
-# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
-# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
-# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
-# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
-# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
-# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
-# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
-# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
-#
-# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
-# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
-# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
-# each! (Yikes!)
-# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
-# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
-# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
-#
-# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
-# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
-# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
-# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
-# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
-# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
-# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
-# Go with Srednekolymsk.
-#
-# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
-# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
-
-Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
- 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
+ 12:00 - MAGT
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
+# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
-# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
-# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
-# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
-
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
@@ -2737,19 +2434,12 @@
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
- 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - VLAT
-
+ 11:00 - VLAT
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
-# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
-# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
-
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
-# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -2757,12 +2447,8 @@
12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - PETT
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Anadyr covers...
-# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
-
+#
+# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
@@ -2772,7 +2458,6 @@
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - ANAT
-
# San Marino
# See Europe/Rome.
@@ -2783,9 +2468,9 @@
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
-# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
+# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
+# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
@@ -2876,7 +2561,7 @@
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
#
-# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
@@ -2887,7 +2572,7 @@
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
@@ -2895,7 +2580,7 @@
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
@@ -2905,7 +2590,7 @@
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sök-button).
+# the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
@@ -2930,7 +2615,7 @@
# From Howse:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
-# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
+# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
@@ -2946,7 +2631,7 @@
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
-# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
+# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
@@ -2965,7 +2650,7 @@
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
-# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
+# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
@@ -2979,18 +2664,18 @@
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
-# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
+# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
#
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
# The Federal regulations say
# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
-# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
-# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
+# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
@@ -3002,14 +2687,14 @@
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
#
-# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
+# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
#
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
-# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
@@ -3031,7 +2716,7 @@
# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
-# ... The latest rules are available at:
+# ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
@@ -3056,7 +2741,8 @@
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
-# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
+# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
+#
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
@@ -3069,16 +2755,9 @@
# Turkish Local election....
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
-# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
-# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
-# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
-# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
-# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
-# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
-# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
-# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
-# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17):
+# Here is an English-language source:
+# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
@@ -3169,7 +2848,7 @@
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
-# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
+# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
@@ -3235,7 +2914,7 @@
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
-# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
+# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 - CET 1940
@@ -3261,6 +2940,39 @@
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
+# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
+Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
+ 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
+# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
+# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
+# changed in May.
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
+ 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
+# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
+# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
+# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
+# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
+# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
+ 4:00 - MSK
# Vatican City
# See Europe/Rome.
@@ -3292,7 +3004,7 @@
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
-# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
+# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
#
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).