7080326 update zoneinfo timezones to 2011i (Samoa, Newfoundland)
7087931 update zoneinfo timezones to 2011j (Samoa)
7093560 update zoneinfo timezones to 2011k (Belarus, Palestine, Ukraine)
7099266 update zoneinfo timezones to 2011l (Fiji, Palestine)
7104499 update zoneinfo timezones to 2011m (Brazil, Ukraine)
7106892 update zoneinfo timezones to 2011n (Cuba, Fiji)
# <pre>
# @(#)africa 8.33
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# [email protected] for general use in the future).
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
# but Mark R V Murray reports that
# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
#
# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
#
# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
# until we get more information.
#
# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
1:00 - CET
# Angola
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
1:00 - WAT
# Benin
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
1:00 - WAT
# Botswana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
2:00 - CAT
# Burkina Faso
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
# Burundi
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
2:00 - CAT
# Cameroon
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Cape Verde
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
-2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
-2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
-1:00 - CVT
# Central African Republic
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Chad
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
1:00 - WAT
# Comoros
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
3:00 - EAT
# Democratic Republic of Congo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
1:00 - WAT
Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
2:00 - CAT
# Republic of the Congo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Cote D'Ivoire
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
# Djibouti
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
3:00 - EAT
###############################################################################
# Egypt
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
#
# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
# </a>
Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
#
# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Apr 23
# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
# Apr 24
# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
#
# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
# :59)
# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
#
# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
#
# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
# </a>
# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
# </a>
# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
# in September.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
# Information and Decision Support Center:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
# </a>
#
# The Middle East News Agency
# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
# </a>
# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
# (at least today).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
# Ramadan.
#
# Arabic translation:
# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
# </a>
Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# Equatorial Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
1:00 - WAT
# Eritrea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Ethiopia
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Gabon
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Gambia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
-1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
-1:00 - WAT 1964
0:00 - GMT
# Ghana
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
0:00 Ghana %s
# Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1960
0:00 - GMT
# Guinea-Bissau
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
-1:00 - WAT 1975
0:00 - GMT
# Kenya
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - BEAT 1940
2:45 - BEAUT 1960
3:00 - EAT
# Lesotho
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
2:00 - SAST
# Liberia
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
0:00 - GMT
###############################################################################
# Libya
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4
1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
3:00 - EAT
# Malawi
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
# Mali
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
0:00 - GMT
# Mauritania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
0:00 - GMT
# Mauritius
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
# basis....
# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
# According to
# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
# </a>
# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
#
# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
# changes two days later.
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
#
# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
# ...
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
# </a>
# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
# The Government of Mauritius weblink
# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
# </a>
# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
#
# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
# and end on 29 March 2009.
# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
# DST the coming summer...
#
# Some sources, in French:
# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
# </a>
# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
# </a>
#
# Our wrap-up:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
3:00 - EAT
# Morocco
# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
#
# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
#
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
# </a>
# OR
# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
# </a>
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
# </a>
#
# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
# spokesman.
# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
# According to this article:
# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
# </a>
# (and republished here:
# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
# </a>
# )
# the changes occurs at midnight:
#
# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
# sunday night the 28th at midnight
#
# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
# june1st to sept 27th.
#
# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
# published on the web.
#
# It's also confirmed here:
# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
# </a>
# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
# posted in english).
#
# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
# </a>
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of
# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
# of September:
#
# One article about it (in French):
# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
# </a>
#
# We have some further details posted here:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
# to many sources, such as
# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
# </a>
# (French)
#
# Our summary:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
#
# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
#
# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
# </a>
#
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
#
# Example:
# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
# </a>
# (French)
# Our page:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
# </a>
# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
# ...Official links of change in morocco
# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
# +212.537.71.84.00
# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
# </a>
# They said that
# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
# </a>
# is the official publication to look at.
# They said that the decision was already taken.
#
# More articles in the press
# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
# </a>
# e.html
# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
# anche-prochain-5538.html
# </a>
# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
# They have it written in English here:
# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
# </a>
#
# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
# also been like that in the past.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1:00 - CET 1986
0:00 Morocco WE%sT
# Western Sahara
Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
-1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
0:00 - WET
# Mozambique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
# Namibia
# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
# of the country.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1:00 Namibia WA%sT
# Niger
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
-1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
0:00 - GMT 1960
1:00 - WAT
# Nigeria
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1:00 - WAT
# Reunion
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
#
# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
# We have no info about their time zone histories.
#
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
# Rwanda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
2:00 - CAT
# St Helena
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
0:00 - GMT
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
# on GMT, says the CIA
# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
# Sao Tome and Principe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
-0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
0:00 - GMT
# Senegal
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
-1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
0:00 - GMT
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
# Sierra Leone
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
-0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
-1:00 SL %s 1957
0:00 SL %s
# Somalia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
3:00 - EAT 1931
2:30 - BEAT 1957
3:00 - EAT
# South Africa
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# no information
# Sudan
#
# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
3:00 - EAT
# South Sudan
Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
3:00 - EAT
# Swaziland
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST
# Tanzania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
3:00 - EAT 1948
2:45 - BEAUT 1961
3:00 - EAT
# Togo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
0:00 - GMT
# Tunisia
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
# Saturday." (My translation)
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
# 1h standard time.
#
# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
# (Arabic)
# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
# </a>
#
# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
#
# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
#
# (in English)
# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
# </a>
#
# (in Arabic)
# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
#
# (translation):
# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
# Sunday...
# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
#
# (in Arabic)
# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# Uganda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - BEAT 1948
2:45 - BEAUT 1957
3:00 - EAT
# Zambia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
# Zimbabwe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT