'\" te

.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.

.\" Copyright 1989 AT&T

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.TH WALL 1M "Jul 13, 1994"

.SH NAME

wall \- write to all users

.SH SYNOPSIS

.LP

.nf

.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION

.sp

.LP

\fBwall\fR reads its standard input until an end-of-file. It then sends this

message to all currently logged-in users preceded by:

.sp

.in +2

.nf

Broadcast Message from .\|.\|.

.fi

.in -2

.sp

.LP

If \fIfilename\fR is given, then the message is read in from that file.

Normally, pseudo-terminals that do not correspond to rlogin sessions are

ignored. Thus, when using a window system, the message appears only on the

console window. However, \fB-a\fR will send the message even to such

.sp

.LP

It is used to warn all users, typically prior to shutting down the system.

.sp

.LP

The sender must be superuser to override any protections the users may have

invoked See \fBmesg\fR(1).

.sp

.LP

\fBwall\fR runs \fBsetgid()\fR to the group  \fBID\fR \fBtty\fR, in order to

have write permissions on other user's terminals. See \fBsetuid\fR(2).

.sp

.LP

\fBwall\fR will detect non-printable characters before sending them to the

user's terminal. Control characters will appear as a  "\fB ^ \fR" followed by

the appropriate \fBASCII\fR character; characters with the high-order bit set

will appear in "meta" notation.  For example, `\fB\e003\fR\&' is displayed as

`\fB^C\fR' and  `\fB\e372\fR\&' as  `\fBM\(miz\fR'.

.SH OPTIONS

.sp

.LP

The following options are supported:

.sp

.ne 2

.na

\fB\fB-a\fR\fR

.ad

.RS 14n

Broadcast message to the console and pseudo-terminals.

.RE

.sp

.ne 2

.na

\fB\fB-\fR\fBg\fR \fIgrpname\fR\fR

.ad

.RS 14n

Broadcast to the users in a specified group only, per the group database (see

\fBgroup\fR(4)).

.RE

.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

.sp

.LP

If the  \fBLC_*\fR variables (\fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_TIME\fR, \fBLC_COLLATE\fR,

\fBLC_NUMERIC\fR, and \fBLC_MONETARY\fR) are not set in the environment, the

operational behavior of \fBwall\fR for each corresponding locale category is

determined by  the value of the \fBLANG\fR environment variable. See

\fBenviron\fR(5). If \fBLC_ALL\fR is set, its contents are used to override

both the  \fBLANG\fR and the other \fBLC_*\fR variables. If none of the above

variables are set in the environment, the "C" (U.S. style) locale determines

how \fBwall\fR behaves.

.SH FILES

.sp

.LP

\fB/dev/tty*\fR

.SH SEE ALSO

.sp

.LP

\fBmesg\fR(1), \fBwrite\fR(1), \fBsetuid\fR(2), \fBattributes\fR(5),

\fBenviron\fR(5)

.SH NOTES

.sp

.LP

\fBwall\fR displays ``Cannot send to \|.\|.\|.'' when the open on a user's

\fBtty\fR file fails.