# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of

# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,

# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to

# [email protected] for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):

#

# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is

# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),

# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).

#

# Gwillim Law writes that a good source

# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),

# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries

# of the IATA's data after 1990.

#

# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for

# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.

#

# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,

# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which

# I found in the UCLA library.

#

# For data circa 1899, a common source is:

# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94

# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.

#

# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is

# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

#

# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.

# Corrections are welcome!

#	     std  dst

#	     LMT	Local Mean Time

#	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time

#	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel

#	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*

#	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran

#	4:00 GST	Gulf*

#	5:30 IST	India

#	7:00 ICT	Indochina*

#	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)

#	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)

#	8:00 CST	China

#	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)

#	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan

#	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea

#

# From Guy Harris:

# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as

# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental

# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -

# Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.

###############################################################################

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S

Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-

Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-

Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S

Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-

Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-

Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S

Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-

Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S

Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S

Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-

Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S

Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# Afghanistan

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890

			4:00	-	AFT	1945

			4:30	-	AFT

# Armenia

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)

# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then

# readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even

# when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz

# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST

# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that

# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,

# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):

# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to

# follow Russia's "old" rules.

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):

# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,

# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html

#

# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the

# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of

# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.

# or

# (brief)

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2

			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time

			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s

			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence

			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s

			4:00	-	AMT	1997

			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25 2:00s

			4:00	-	AMT

# Azerbaijan

# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):

# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997

# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S

Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2

			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time

			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s

			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence

			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00

			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time

			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997

			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT

# Bahrain

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun

			3:00	-	AST

# Bangladesh

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):

# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce

# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30

#

# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16

# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html

#

# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from

# June

# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with

# crippling power crisis. "

#

# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if

# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):

# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between

# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.

#

# Some sources:

# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601

# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2

#

# Our wrap-up:

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html

# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):

# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start

# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh

# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).

#

# No DST end date has been announced yet.

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):

# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,

# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.

#

# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":

# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"

# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):

# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:

# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make

# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would

# "continue for an indefinite period."

#

# One of many places where it is published:

# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):

# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"

# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.

#

# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.

# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html

#

# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour

# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,

# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime

# Minister's Office last night..."

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):

# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"

# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time

# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S

Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	23:59	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890

			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?

			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time

			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep

			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30

			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time

			6:00	-	BDT	2009

			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT

# Bhutan

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu

			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct

			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time

# British Indian Ocean Territory

# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the

# 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.

# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;

# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which

# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907

			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time

			6:00	-	IOT

# Brunei

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan

			7:30	-	BNT	1933

			8:00	-	BNT

# Burma / Myanmar

# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon

			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?

			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time

			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3

			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time

# Cambodia

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9

			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?

			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May

			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May

			7:00	-	ICT

# China

# From Guy Harris:

# People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):

# No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though

# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the

# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.

#

# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too

# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):

#

#     1986 May 4 - Sept 14

#     1987 mid-April - ??

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):

# CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN

# CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D

Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S

Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D

Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D

Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S

Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D

# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):

# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five

# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official

# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).

#

# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the

# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county

# boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two

# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,

# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are

# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege

# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6

# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two

# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.

#

#

# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin

# most of China

# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;

# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong

# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,

# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.

# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;

# the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,

# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;

# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;

# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,

# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,

# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.

# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;

# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,

# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,

# and Yarkand.

# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):

# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in

# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,

# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on

# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese

# they implicitly use Beijing time.

#

# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the

# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two

# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang

# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as

# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as

# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.

#

# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its

# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in

# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)

#

# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990

# or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with

# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same

# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and

# others moving their clocks ahead.)

# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):

# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common

# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):

#

# 1. Wulumuqi...

# 2. Kashi...

# 3. Urumqi...

# 4. Kashgar...

# ...

# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding

# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.

#

# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any

# start date for Xinjiang time.

#

# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally

# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur

# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also

# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)